|
|
Interactions of pharmaceuticals with humic substances in model hydrogels
Fleischhackerová, Claudia ; Krouská, Jitka (referee) ; Klučáková, Martina (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis is focused on the study of drug diffusion in humic acid hydrogels. The instantaneous surface source diffusion method was used for this study. This method was based on the observation of emerging diffusion profiles of drugs which diffused in the humic gel at certain time intervals. Then, this method was used to determine the diffusion coefficients of the drugs used in the gels. The main aim of the experimental part was to study the influence of the interaction of drugs with humic acids that diffused through the humic gel. Two drugs were used as a diffusing medium, i.e. ibuprofen and tetracycline. They are pharmaceuticals, the consumption has been increasing in humans and animals in recent years, that's why they are often detected in the environment. The concentration profile of these drugs in humic acid hydrogels was determined by UV–VIS spectrometry.
|
|
|
Heat effects of microbial life in soil
Drápalová, Karolína ; Kalina, Michal (referee) ; Krouská, Jitka (advisor)
This research is intended to be an application of calorimetry to the study of thermal manifestations of microbial life in soil. Although this research has slowly but steadily expanded over the past half century, many unanswered questions still remain. Calorimetry is a suitable tool for determining several parameters of soil quality. Therefore, it is a very important indicator for agriculture. Very well-known indicators used in soil research can be measured by various calorimetric methods such as differential compensation calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG), which are temperature scanning methods used to estimate certain properties of soil material. Calorimetry can be used to determine the activity of microbial life in the soil, which is an essential parameter for the proper functioning of the soil, i.e. for its health. Microorganisms will release a certain amount of heat, based on their metabolism, which can be boosted by adding certain nutrients. We can therefore say that the presence of microorganisms in the soil can be detected thanks to calorimetry.
|
|
|
Hydrogels with incorporated enzymes
Geistová, Karolína ; Krouská, Jitka (referee) ; Mravec, Filip (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the study of incorporation of enzymes into phase separated hydrogels. The aim of this work is to determine the enzyme activity in phase separated gels. Gels were prepared by the dry-way based on the interaction of negatively charged polyelectrolyte (hyaluronan) with positively charged surfactant (Septonex). Two enzymes, bromelain and collagenase, were incorporated into the hydrogels. To determine enzyme activity, the modified albumin protein with bound sulfanilamide group (azoalbumin) was used as a substrate. The enzyme activity of the enzyme itself, the enzyme activity affected by one of the two components of the system as well as the activity of the enzyme directly in the hydrogel was determined on UV-VIS spectrophotometry. The enzyme was found to be incorporated in the hydrogel. Furthermore, a significant effect of the positively charged surfactant on the enzyme activity was detected in phase-separated hydrogels.
|
|
|
Study of thermal properties of selected coloids
Křivánková, Kateřina ; Krouská, Jitka (referee) ; Zmeškal, Oldřich (advisor)
The bachelor thesis is focused on the study of the thermal properties of colloidal systems, especially the properties of emulsions (water, oil), which can be used in the cosmetic industry as an essential component of various lotions and creams and in the food industry. In the introduction the first defined thermo-physical processes (conduction, convection and radiation) and temperature measurement (stationary, transient). Furthermore defined physical parameters (heat and thermal conductivity, heat capacity), that are determined using transient methods. The measured data were collected and analyzed by using the EMA (Electrical Measurement Analyser) and the HarFA (Harmonic and Fractal Image Analyser). The results will be used to determine the optimum conditions for the production of cosmetics and dietary supplements.
|
|
|
Transport of drugs in humic hydrogels
Shalabodova, Kseniia ; Krouská, Jitka (referee) ; Klučáková, Martina (advisor)
Presented bachelor’s thesis focuses on the study of diffusion of drug in humic hydrogels. The aim of the work was to appraise the effect of the presence of the humic substances in the transport capacity of the diffusing compound. The main idea of experimental part was to compare the drug’s transport in samples of humic acid gels with the transport in agarose hydrogels samples. For this study diffusion couple method was used which was based on monitoring the development of diffusion profiles of drug in gels with the passage of time. As a diffusing medium sulfapyridine belonging to sulfonamide antibiotics class was used.
|
|
|
Study of the interaction of hyaluronan and biocompatible amphiphilic substances
Cigánková, Hana ; Krouská, Jitka (referee) ; Mravec, Filip (advisor)
This thesis focuses on the study of the interactions between hyaluronan and selected phospholipids and their mixtures in water or buffer. First, the aggregation behavior of these lipids was measured, afterwards the influence of hyaluronan was studied. This behavior was investigated by fluorescence spectoscopy using pyrene as fluorescence probe. The Critical Agregation Concentration of the lipids before and after addition of hyaluronan was determined. The measurements revealed that the addition of hyaluronan has an observable influence on the aggregate behavior of the selected lipids and their mixtures.
|
|
| |
|
|
Utilization of thermal and structural analyses in study on the formation of polyelectrolyte complexes
Řiháčková, Barbora ; Sedláček, Petr (referee) ; Krouská, Jitka (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with a study of the polyelectrolyte complexes made by chitosan and humic acids. The work was motivated by the research in the field of new materials which can be potentially useful for agricultural and medical applications. A degree and a character of the interactions were studied by isothermal titration calorimetry and dynamic light scattering method. The calorimetric experiments proved that decreasing concentration of samples causes decreasing of reaction enthalpy. Moreover, the temperature changes during the titration are not influenced by water molecules as environment but mostly by the interactions between the functional groups of chitosan and humic acids. The formation of polyelectrolyte complexes was proved also by measurements of intensity of scattered light and Z-average of particle size.
|
|
|
Use of microcalorimetry in the study of hydration of biopolymers
Bola, Tomáš ; Smilek, Jiří (referee) ; Krouská, Jitka (advisor)
This master thesis deals with the using of microcalorimetry in the study of hydration of biopolymers. Lactose has been selected together with the other biopolymers although it is not among biopolymers but disaccharides. Selected biopolymers are alginate, dextrane, chitosan and hyaluronan of two molecular weights. Lactose has been selected for these purposes mainly because it is a model example to determine whether or not the reaction to moisture between the other samples and the saturated salt solution occurs. The biopolymer hydration study, as opposed to the commonly used perfusion calorimetry method using the possibility of measuring with adjustable moisture has been used an isothermal microcalorimetry method where at two constant temperatures the reaction of the sample to the different moisture released by the saturated salt solution was monitored.
|
|
|
Preparation and properties of agarose hydrogel with micellar domains
Sapárová, Alica ; Krouská, Jitka (referee) ; Pekař, Miloslav (advisor)
This diploma thesis was focused on the system of agarose hydrogels with micellar domains. Polysaccharide agarose was used for the preparation of hydrogel matrices. Septonex was chosen as a surfactant. The release of solubilizate from the agarose hydrogel matrix was studied with a hydrophobic dye Sudan III in order to obtain a model system of hydrophobic solubilized drugs. Sudan III was solubilized via surfactant´s micels. Subsequently, this micellar aqueous solution with the dissolved dye was used to prepare the agarose hydrogel. The system was prepared in the environment of deionized water and physiologic solution. The gradual release of the dye into deionized water and physiologic solution was studied for 22 days using the UV-VIS spectrophotometry method. It was found that after 14 days the concentration of the releasing dyes into the deionized water was decreased. The cause is that after 14 and 22 days there was a slight degradation of gels, which was detected using the rheology method. Using the rheology method it was also found that Septonex does not affect the gel formation process.
|
guest ::
RSS feed.