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Cultural contributions of muslims to the Western civilization
Procházková, Dominika ; Kašpar, Oldřich (advisor) ; Korecká, Zuzana (referee)
Following work deals with cultural benefits of muslims to the European civilization, especially in area of Spain. (Historical Al-Andalus). The Introduction deals with overall benefits in science (mathematics, astronomy, medicine), economy and trade, culture, and influences in religion. Main part of work is devoted to description of arabian medieval music in Spain, and Ziryab, musician who was significantly involved in importing arabian music. Last part deals with modern arabian music in recent western civilization.
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Evolution of amusing literature
Volný, Sláva ; Kašpar, Oldřich (advisor) ; Sochorová, Ludmila (referee)
The present doctoral thesis focuses on a literal phenomenon, which is still difficult to outline and classify - the so-called second-rate literature - in the context of historical and cultural developments in the Czech lands. The accent is put primarily on the so-called mass entertaining (bedside) literature for men, which was and, to a certain degree, still is represented by such adventure paperback serials (Western pulp fiction) as Rodokaps, Dodokaps, Rozruch G. F. Unger, etc. In the introductory chapter of this thesis, the author attempts to define this kind of literature terminologically, confronting his considerations with the views presented by classical literary critics - primarily the writer, journalist, playwright and essayist Karel Čapek and the literary historian Josef Hrabák. Detailed attention is paid to the historical predecessors of the mass literature in four subsequent chapters: travel books, chronicles, broadside ballads and folk reading, and adventure stories. The author gives detailed description of their respective historical developments, highlighting the features in each of them that boosted the mass growth of men's reading. The chapters devoted to a specifically Czech phenomenon - the existence of inter-war adventure paperback serials, the so-called Western pulp fiction (e.g....
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Czechs in Berlin, political emigration 1968-1989
Herrmann, Richard ; Kašpar, Oldřich (advisor) ; Šatava, Leoš (referee)
This qualitative study strives to capture the strategies and motivations for emmigration of Czechoslovak citizens to former West Berlin between the years 1968 and 1970, describing it from emmigrants' perspective. The main focus of the study is an analysis of emmigration incentives and strategies utilized by the then Czechoslovak citizens, currently living in Berlin. The theoretical base for the study consists of the theory of collective historical memory, the problem of secondary and tertiary socialization, the (mal)adaptation to new host environments and the biographical approach to emmigration studies. The incentives and strategies of political emmigration are analyzed within the context of the political and social development between the years 1946 and 1970. The study is chronologically organized according to the following historical periods and political events: (1) the takeover of power by communists in 1946-1948, (2) the political persecutions of the 1950s, (3) the liberalization of the communist regime during the 1960s, (4) the events of Prague Spring, (5) the military intervention of the Warsaw Treaty countries, (6) the consolidation and normalization era, (7) the Czechoslovak citizens' mass emmigration between the years 1968 and 1970. In this study, the historical facts and figures are supplemented...
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Buryat shamanism
Havlíček, Marek ; Kašpar, Oldřich (advisor) ; Pargač, Jan (referee)
After the political changes in East Europe and Central Asia at the end of 80s of the 20th century some latitude of religious liberty, which had been limited till then, occured. It made possible to restore original traditions and gradually return the religion from illegality back to the public life. Ecclesiastic and confessional institutions started to restore in accordance with those ones operating in the period of Imperial Russia. A very specific situation arose from Buryat shamanism, which had never been under the state and authority control like other confessions had. Buryat shamans began to restore and renew extinct traditions mostly by the way of studying professional ethnographical and religious literature and inspired by the new philosophical currents of the tardy wave of New Age, they complemented numerous gaps and deficiency with their own ideas. During the last 15 years several organisations associtiating Buryat shamans have come into existence. They obviously differ from each other in their specialisation, traditions they gather from, and even in their range. Some of them are local, others try to unite all shamans in the territory settled by the Buryats, but there are also small formal and informal groups gathering disciples of a master. All associations of shamans in some ways use traditional...
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Holy foolishness and schamanism
Nesrsta, Radek ; Kašpar, Oldřich (advisor) ; Soukup, Václav (referee)
! Abstract! ! The aim of this thesis is to search for contact points between the two socioreligious phenomena, in which we expect continuity on the basis of their own intensive historical ethnic relations. By analyzing hagiographic legends and historical texts, we try to identify changes that the Byzantine phenomenon of foolishness for Christ undergoes after its introduction to cultural environment of Kievan Rus and its changes in the successor states, and we view these phenomena that emerged in this new environment and all together constitute the phenomenon of Russian foolishness for Christ in detail for the purpose of comparison by analogy with shamanism of Central Asian and Siberian ethnic communities. ! ! At the beginning of the work I deal with the nature of the sources and roots that represent foolishness for Christ that can be found in the Byzantine Empire but are linked to the Asia Minor and Mediterranean cultural environment. First, I present the various legends of individual saints. I put the Russian foolishness for Christ phenomenon into a broader historical and religious context to which phenomena that can be seen on the border of foolishness for Christ belong, and I briefly deal with Central Asian and Siberian shamanism. On this basis the analysis of possible cultural exchange and comparison of...
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History of Tattoving: The Postmodern Era Meets Archism. Culture of "Modern Primitives"
Rychlík, Martin ; Kašpar, Oldřich (advisor) ; Todorovová, Jiřina (referee) ; Štěpánová, Irena (referee)
History of Tattooing: The Postmodern Era meets Archaism. The Culture of "Modern Primitives" dr. Martin Rychlík The presented dissertation concerns tattooing as the main theme - its history, functions, techniques, media presentations, individual motivation and general human attitudes towards decorating (and mutilating) the body. The author, ethnology / social anthropology student Martin Rychlik (Department of Ethnology Charles University in Prague), provides a comprehensive overview of many aspects of tattooing - considered as an universal cultural custom, so far poorely mapped in the Czech republic. Tattooing is a very complex and archaic phenomenon that has roots in the ancient Stone Age. The first direct archaeological proof was found in 1991, in Soelden near the Austro-Italian boarder. The mummified remains of a 5300 year-old hunter/shepherd emerged from a melting glacier and got nickname "Oetzi". Other well known tattooed mummies are the Egyptian Middle kingdom priestess Hathor and the frozen Scythian chief from Pazyryk. Many "primitive" tribes worldwide have adopted tattooing as a means of expression. Among the best documented are those of the Maori, Ainu, Samoans, Dayak, Tahiti islanders, Inuit, South American Indians and nomadic Siberian groups. The first so-called renaissance of tattoo is associated...
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Virtual worlds - construction of the past as a game. Amateur historical fencing
Moravcová, Jana ; Štěpánová, Irena (advisor) ; Kašpar, Oldřich (referee)
This diploma thesis concerns on one way of leisure time spending in Czech Republic - non-professional historical fencing. This activity lays essentially in depicting of battle manners in the past in fonn of dramatic performances (public presentation is not required though). The actors use for their purposes armament, outfit, clothing and other equipment that should correspond at least generally to a certain historical period. In the first part of the work I set historical fencing into broader context of leisure time activities with common features, which are RPG's (Role Playing Games) and LARP's (Live Action Role Playing) and leisure time activities with fantasy thematics generally on one side, and other ways of depicting of the past, mainly historical music, historical dance and "living history" on the other. In the next part I try to explain current meaning of the term "historical fencing" and to briefly survey evolution of historical fencing in our country from the 60's until today. I watch non-professional historical fencing actors themselves more closely, explore their associating into groups, fonnal structure of such associations (groups) and cite examples of several Prague based groups. I also deal with motivation of actors for historical fencing, non-concerned public's view of such activity and...
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"On the land". The original inhabitants of the north from the point of view of ecological anthropology
Boukal, Tomáš ; Kašpar, Oldřich (advisor) ; Maiello, Giuseppe (referee) ; Pargač, Jan (referee)
Work is concerned with possibility of the application of ethnology and landscape ecology methods in protection of the ethno-ecological landscape stability and landscape planning in the area of northwest Siberia. Valuable experiences were acquired from mapping in region northern Canada and on the basis of author's research in three northern regions (Sverdlovsk region, Jamalo-Nenets autonomous region, Russia and NWT, Canada). These regions are inhabited by original population in conditions of landscape balance threatened by outer factor. These conditions require to design feasible method of landscape ethno-ecological mapping and planning for region of the north-western Siberia.
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Comparartion of L. Feuerbach and D. Durkheim in Relation to Religion
Kašpar, Oldřich ; Šanderová, Jadwiga (advisor) ; Horák, Vít (referee)
This dissertation is a comparison of L. Feuerbach and E. Durkheim and their approach to religion. Specifically, it describes their books, "The Essence of Christianity", and "Elementary Forms of Religious Life". My aim is to discover topics across both authors who study religious systems agree in spite of differing theoretical background. Initially, both authors are analyzed separately, and later they are brought together in the converging section. The main issues discussed in the converging part are the approach to the origins of god and faith, the approach to soul, and the approach to the interconnection of religion and society. This comparison shows that through completely different arguments the authors are able to come to an agreement about the influence of religion on an individual or a social group. Furthermore, it discusses the fusing of religious systems and society. Durkheim thinks this interconnectedness is functional and it may lead to cohesion of small social groups. Feuerbach argues that the redirection of faith from man to god can lead to alienation, yet still he agrees with Durkheim that it is an important social phenomenon that bounds together individuals and society. Feuerbach represents philosophical investigation, while Durkheim's approach is more sociological, resembling partly...
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