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Covid-19: vaccination, undergoing illness and post-Covid syndrome
Fořtová, Karolína ; Urbánková Rathouská, Jana (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Aim: The aim of this thesis is to firstly introduce the reader to the theoretical part of Covid-19 disease and in the experimental part to investigate the vaccination rate of the respondents, the prevalence of the disease, the symptoms of the disease, the prevalence of post-Covid syndrome, or the involvement of specific organ systems in post-Covid syndrome. Furthermore, the aim was to investigate the influence of individual factors (age, sex, active smoking, BMI, comorbidities, vaccination, virus variant) on the course of the disease and post- Covid syndrome. Methods: The questionnaire study included 752 respondents of both genders and of all ages. Data collection was conducted within the Czech Republic between June 2023 and January 2024. MS Excel was used for statistical evaluation and Power Bl was used for data visualization. Results: 84.18% of the respondents were vaccinated. 72.61% of the respondents underwent Covid-19 and most of them became ill in the vaccine-free state (52.20%). The most common symptoms were severe fatigue (62.09%), increased temperature/fever (62.27%), muscle and joint pain (56.96%) and headache (56.04%). Post-Covid syndrome was/is suffered by 62 respondents (11.36%) and the most affected organ systems were lungs (46.77%), nervous system (32.26%), senses (30.65%), muscles...
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Low-carb diets in patients with celiac disease
Makajová, Karolína ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the autoimmune disease celiac disease (celiac sprue), as well as proper nutrition, popular low-carbohydrate diets, and their suitability for patients with celiac disease. The theoretical part describes the disease, symptoms, complications and diagnosis. It also deals with nutrition, macronutrients and micronutrients, gluten-free diet and several of the most famous low-carb diets. The practical part deals with an online questionnaire, sent to celiac groups, and an investigation into the experiences of celiac patients with low-carbohydrate diets. The obtained information is processed into graphs, commented and summarized in the discussion. The aim of the work was to find out what experiences of patients with celiac disease, who are treated with a gluten-free diet, have with low-carbohydrate diets, whether they were satisfied and noticed a benefit, or whether, on the contrary, there was a worsening of the condition and a greater restriction in eating. Key words: celiac disease, gluten-free diet, low-carbohydrate diets, nutrition
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Nutritional intake of macroelements in lactating women.
Doubková, Zuzana ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
The thesis deals with the issue of nutrition in lactating women. The main objective of this work is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the nutritional intake of Czech women during lactation, focusing on the intake of selected minerals, specifically sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus. Subsequently, the obtained results will be compared with the recommended daily intake of these macroelements. The results are based on the nutritional intake of six monitored women, from whom values were provided for all lactation periods L1 to L4 during the period from February 2022 to February 2023. For a larger dataset, the values of two additional women were included in the research, from whom values were obtained for periods L1 to L3. Further details of this limitation are provided in the relevant chapter 7.1.7. Limitation of the study. Women recorded their diets in questionnaire form, always a week before visiting the physiological laboratory of Professor PharmDr. Miloslav Hronek Ph.D. In the questionnaire, they recorded meals, foods, fluids, and their intake amounts. The gathered information was further processed using the NutriDan program and statistically evaluated in the Microsoft Excel program. A key finding of the study is an excessive intake of sodium, approximately 1000 mg of sodium...
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Belt conveyor of crushed stone for concrete mix
Jílek, Petr ; Pokorný, Přemysl (referee) ; Malášek, Jiří (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to design and calculate the construction of a belt conveyor for conveying crushed stone for concrete mix. The conveyor is dimensioned and designed for a conveying height of 3.2 metres, an axial distance of 24 metres and a conveying capacity of 52 000 kilograms per hour. The calculation part is carried out according to ISO 5048. Furthermore, the selection and design of the basic elements such as the tensioning device and the drive are included in the work. Various manufacturers of belt conveyors are mentioned in the research. The drawings for this thesis can be found in the appendix.
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis - structure and functions of the cell wall
Kukrálová, Simona ; Janďourek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study program: Bioanalytical laboratory diagnostics in healthcare Candidate: Bc. Simona Kukrálová Supervisor: PharmDr. Ondřej Janďourek, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Mycobacterium tuberculosis - structure and functions of the cell wall Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an intracellular pathogen that causes a disease called tuberculosis, which, along with other selected diseases, is still one of the leading causes of mortality in the world. It is estimated that more than a million people succumb to the disease each year. The remarkable structure of the cell wall of mycobacteria has a great influence on the treatment of tuberculosis itself, together with the ever-increasing incidence of multidrug- resistant and extensively resistant strains, especially in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The research of mycobacteria is given great attention. Efforts to find new substances with antimycobacterial effect acting on individual components of the cell wall, preferably on the cell wall as a complex, are actual and are part of national as well as international programs. Theoretical part of this diploma thesis deals with current knowledge about mycobacteria with emphasis on cell wall, epidemiology of tuberculosis...
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Planktonic and biofilm form of pathogenic microorganisms - efficacy of disinfectants
Straková, Hana ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Author: Bc. Hana Straková Supervisor: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, PhD. Consultant: PharmDr. Jan Marek, PhD. Title: Planktonic and biofilm form of pathogenic microorganisms - effectiveness of disinfectants Diploma thesis Study program: Bioanalytical laboratory diagnostics in healthcare Introduction: Quaternary ammonium salts are widely used in the field of disinfection and antisepsis. Commonly used compounds on this basis include, for example: Benzoxonium chloride (Orofar), Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (Sanytol), Carbethopendecinium bromide (Septonex) and many other substances. Objectives: The aim of this diploma thesis was to test 10 substances of the quaternary ammonium salt type, divided into two groups using the microdilution broth method on selected bacterial strains and compare it with the standards used in practice. Furthermore, the selected compounds were evaluated for the ability to inhibit the growth of planktonic and biofilm form of the Staphylococcus aureus strain. Methods: The antimicrobial activity of 10 novel compounds divided into two groups according to the structure on eight bacterial strains was measured by the microdilution broth method: Staphylococcus aureus,...
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Nutritional intake of vitamins in pregnant women.
Dvořáková, Karolína ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the issue of nutritional intake of lipophilic vitamins in pregnant women. The objective of the thesis is to analyze the intake of lipophilic vitamins in a selected group of Czech pregnant women within the three observed periods of pregnancy. Subsequently to compare these values with the recommended intakes, which are valid in the Czech Republic, and propose a possible optimization of intake. From February 2021 to January 2022 was evaluated the nutritional intake a total of 24 Czech pregnant women from Hradec Králové, at the age range 24-37 years, within the three observed periods of pregnancy. Pregnant women handed over filled in questionnaires every week, which recorded their daily intake of food and liquids, including their amount. Subsequently, the filled-in questionnaires were evaluated by the NutriDan nutrition program and the results were statistically processed by the Microsoft Excel program. The obtained values of daily intakes of pregnant women were compared with the recommended daily intakes of lipophilic vitamins, which are valid in the Czech Republic. The crucial finding of the thesis is that the intakes of lipophilic vitamins in observed pregnant women are not statistically significantly different between individual days of the week or between individual...
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SARS-CoV-2 vaccination
Nguyenová, Quynh Trang ; Rathouská, Jana (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Background: The aim of this Bachelor thesis is to present to the reader the possibilities of vaccination against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes the COVID-19 disease. Describe the structure of the virus, etiopathogenesis of the disease and summarize information on individual types of vaccines. Main findings: Thanks to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, the virus is quickly recognized after intrusion into the body and massive immune response is ensured, which prevents the more serious or severe course of COVID-19. Conclusions: High vaccination coverage with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is the only way to stop the pandemic caused by this virus, protecting those in at-risk populations (seniors, paramedics) whom COVID-19 could be lethal. Key words: COVID-19 disease, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 vaccines
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Current strategies of allergy therapy
Hrabalová, Kateřina ; Rathouská, Jana (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study program: Laboratory diagnostics in healthcare Author: Kateřina Hrabalová Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Rathouská, Ph.D. Title: Current strategies of allergy therapy Background: Due to their increasing incidence and prevalence, allergies represent a problem of contemporary medicine. The aim of this work is to summarize basic information regarding allergies and to create a comprehensive overview of their treatment options. Main findings: There are several methods of treatment: identification and subsequent elimination of the allergen, pharmacotherapy, allergen immunotherapy and biological treatment with monoclonal antibodies. Patient education and regimen are also an essential part of treatment. The success of therapy lies in the most effective combination of treatment methods to ensure the quality life of the allergic patient with a minimum of problems. Conclusions: Information was sought on the immune system in relation to allergies, its physiological functions and pathological reactions involving the mechanism of the allergic reaction. An overview of the treatment options for allergic diseases was created with a focus on therapy in general. Keywords: allergy, treatment, pharmacotherapy,...
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