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Immunomodulatory properties of helminth-produced molecules and their effect during autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases
Moravcová, Johana ; Šmídová, Barbora (advisor) ; Kolářová, Iva (referee)
Parasitic helminths produce excretion/secretion products (ESP) that affect the host's immune system to prevent damage or exclusion of the parasite. In recent decades, individual ESP molecules have been the focus of research for the treatment of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases due to their immunomodulatory potential. Diseases that have been investigated in this context include ulcerative colitis, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and allergic asthma. Among the pleiad of helminths and their immunomodulatory molecules, it is worth mentioning Acanthocheilonema viteae (Av17), Ancylostoma caninum (NIF), Ascaris lumbricoides (Al-CPI), Brugia malayi (BMCys), Clonorchis sinensis (CsStefin-1), Fasciola hepatica (FhHDM-1), Heligmosomoides polygyrus (HpTGM), Schistosoma japonicum (SjCystatin) and Schistosoma mansoni (Omega-1). The main effects of these molecules on the host immune system include affecting the function of dendritic cells and macrophages, influencing cytokine production and reducing the Th1 immune response, which usually leads to alleviation of disease symptoms. Based on the current state of knowledge, it is not yet certain how the molecules will work in treating patients and whether they will have the same effect when administered in the long term. Despite...
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Thyroid tumors and their molecular genetic causes.
Šmídová, Barbora ; Dvořáková, Šárka (advisor) ; Soták, Matúš (referee)
The aim of this work is to summarize actual literature overview and to collect the up- to-date knowledge on genetic causes of the development of thyroid carcinomas. Thyroid carcinomas represent the most often endocrine malignancy and its incidence is still growing. This work describes all types of thyroid carcinomas derived from different cell types and are distinguished also according to the degree of differentiation. The main genetic changes in the tumor tissues of the medullary, papillary, follicular and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma are described. Thyroid carcinomas occur mostly in sporadic form, rarely as a familial disease. The causes of familial forms of thyroid carcinomas are also summarized and the main mutations in the germ-line DNA are identified. Key words: carcinoma, genetics, mutation, thyroid
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Changes of lipid spectrum during body mass reduction in patients with diabetes mellitus
Šmídová, Barbora ; Dršata, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Boušová, Iva (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Bc. Barbora Šmídová Supervisor: Prof. MUDr. Jaroslav Dršata, CSc. Supervisor - specialist: RNDr. Mgr. Alena Tichá, PhD. Title of diploma thesis: CHANGES OF LIPID SPECTRUM DURING BODY MASS REDUCTION IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS The thesis deals with the determination of lipid parameters (plasma total fatty acids, plasma total cholesterol, lipoprotein cholesterol, plasma triglycerides, plasma cholesterol precursors (lathosterol and squalene) and markers of cholesterol absorption (β-sitosterol and campesterol)) in obese patiens with diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2 who were tested with a seven-day fasting, followed by low-calorie diabetic diet. It is assumed that weight loss should improve insulin resistence. The aim of this work is to evaluate the lipid parameters during the body weight reduction in obese patients suffering with diabetes mellitus. Lipids were determined before and after a seven-day fasting and after one month from the beginning of fasting (in patiens with diabetes mellitus type 1 also after one year). Gas chromatography was used for the determination of fatty acids and non-cholesterol sterols and squalene. Cholesterol and triglycerides were determined by a routine...
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Survey of self sufficiency of patients after stroke
Šmídová, Barbora ; Prokešová, Eva (advisor) ; Malá, Michaela (referee)
Title: Survey of self sufficiency of patiens after stroke. Objectives: The aim of the thesis is evaluation of patiens after stroke by questionnaire reseach with using standard questionnaire. Methods: For getting information for research was used quantitative method by questionnaire research. It was used questionnaire FIM. Results: The research group was contained from 222 patients. Average age was 74,2 (SD 12,26) years and average time of hospitalization was 11,5 (SD 7,69) days. Total score of self sufficiency at admission was 63 (SD 36) points and at discharge 83 (SD 42) points. Self sufficiency was improved about 32% in total result. Paired t-test corfirmed that the total self sufficiency was improved, it means that motor and cognitive functions were better on level of statistical meaning 0,01. Keywords: Stroke, Self sufficiency, FIM, rehabilitation, questionnaire.
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Role of probation and education programmes in tercial prevention of social deviation
Šmídová, Barbora ; Lorenzová, Jitka (advisor) ; Šlechtová, Anna (referee)
This dissertation is focused on role of probation and education programs in area of tertiary prevention of social deviation. Large amount of youngsters usually fail or break the rules during the program. It was my goal to look over a point of view of adolescents to another implication of probation programs for their lives. My dissertation objective was to reveal the reason of probation programs for youngsters, who attend these programs either voluntarily or obligatorily.Probation officers, who choose the youngsters for program, haven't information about how big importance their clients attribute to sense of probation program and what experience they get. My dissertation is divided into two parts. For first theory. Theory is based on study of available literature, which deals with youth crime. Important part is explanation of the fact, what probation programs are and what is the sense and purpose of them. I will describe current experiences but also new knowledge about research of work with youth and successful foreign projects. The theoretical part is followed by empirical part. I've decided to make this research by form of interviews with clients of PMS, who ended the program successfully. I realize that I can not to draw general conclusions from their statements but I think that you can...
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The role of nitric oxide in mice infected with Trichobilharzia regenti, the neuropathogenic schistosome
Šmídová, Barbora ; Macháček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Panská, Lucie (referee)
Nitric oxide (NO) has been proved to reduce parasite burden in vertebrates infected with Schistosoma, Fasciola, Brugia or Taenia. NO negatively influences parasite growth and development, which then leads to smaller parasite-caused damage to the liver during schistosomosis and stimulates healing processes in muscles infected with Toxocara canis. Peroxynitrite, formed from NO and superoxide, significantly reduces the viability of F. hepatica adults. In case of T. regenti, the neuropathogenic schistosome, the cells capable of NO production (macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, microglia and astrocytes) migrate to the site of the infection suggesting that NO might affect T. regenti infection as well. Therefore, the production of NO and its effect on the course of the infection was examined in vivo and the effect of peroxynitrite on T. regenti schistosomula was examined in vitro to assess the role of reactive nitrogen species during the infection. Our results from in vivo experiments demonstrate that although the infection did not significantly elevate nitrite/nitrate results in the sera, NO is locally produced in the early stages of the infection in both the skin and the spinal cord as shown by immunohistochemical detection of inducible NO synthase. Diminishing NO production by aminoguanidine...
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Coping stategies in bipolar affective disorder
ŠMÍDOVÁ, Barbora
Bachelor thesis tries to explore in more details coping mechanisms in bipolar I disorder. The theoretical part is devoted to current knowledges about bipolar affective disorder, general coping mechanism and specific coping mechanism to bipolar affective disorder. The practical part tries to capture sources of stress and concrete coping strategies used by individuals with bipolar I disorder in manic and depressive phase through qualitative research. Research sample is created from four individuals with bipolar I disorder. These individuals perceive variability of stress intensity depending on changing of depressive and manic phase. There are more maladaptive coping strategies than adaptive during symptomatic phases. Furthermore, the thesis presents attitude of individuals with bipolar I affective disorder to treatment of this disorder and also the process of coming to terms with the given diagnosis.
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The role of nitric oxide in helminthoses
Šmídová, Barbora ; Macháček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Leštinová, Tereza (referee)
Nitric oxide (NO) is a small gaseous molecule produced mainly by activated macrophages, but some other cells as well, in reaction to an infection. Since late 80s, when the effect of NO on schistosomes was demonstrated, many experiments have been conducted examining both the effect of NO on other helminths and its role in helminthoses. In vitro experiments center mainly upon direct effects of NO on helminths - loss of motility and viability in particular. On the other hand, in vivo studies focus on the course of infection and pathological changes in hosts. However, in vitro and in vivo data do not always corroborate. Moreover, the effects of NO differ not only across helminth genera but also for developmental stages of the same parasite.
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