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Immunization strategies in developing countries and its effects
Melichová, Daniela ; Dáňová, Jana (vedoucí práce)
Maintaining good health is important for all of us. A primary health service is important, perhaps the most basic and cost effective is childhood immunization. Immunization against diseases such as polio, tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis saves the lives of approximately three million people each year. Immunization also prevents many more millions from suffering debilitating illness and lifelong disability. Lifesaving vaccines is one of the greatest public health achievements of all time. A hundred years ago, infectious diseases were the worlds leading cause of death. Epidemics of smallpox and diphtheria would take the lives of millions of people. Over the last 50 years, medical science has developed vaccines to reduce the spread of many killer diseases. But other infectious diseases for which we still lack effective vaccines, such as HIV/ AIDS, Malaria and tuberculosis, continue to cause illness, disability and death. Scientists are working hard to develop vaccines to protect people from these diseases as well. In this article the focus will be on immunization in developing countries and difficulties in the management, its effects and the perspective of the future. Comparing the vaccination in developing countries with the one in Norway for informational purposes and understanding of the differences in...
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Malaria: the global challenge
Nicholson, Ashley ; Dáňová, Jana (vedoucí práce)
More than half the world's population is at risk from malaria, with up to 500 million cases each year and more than one million deaths directly resulting from the disease. Those at highest risk from the disease are people living in endemic areas, travelers to endemic areas, small children and pregnant women. Malaria is a constant risk to the overall health of the global population. Treatment of malaria depends on the species of infecting parasite, the area where the infection was acquired and its drug resistance status, the clinical status of the patient, any co-morbidities, pregnancy, drug allergies or other medications taken by the patient. Proper treatment of malaria will shorten its duration, prevent complications and help to avoid the majority of deaths. Currently the best available treatment is a combination of drugs known as artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs). This therapy works rapidly and has little or no resistance to date. In order to protect against the development we must combine drugs with different mechanisms of action against the same stages of the parasite. Malaria prevention includes vector control, chemoprophylaxis use and the future possibility of vaccine use. Vector control is achieved with the use of insecticide treated mosquito nets and indoor residual spraying of...
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Human papillomavirus infection and primary prevention
Al-Talib, Tamara Nadhim ; Dáňová, Jana (vedoucí práce)
I chose the theme of my diploma thesis, HPV infections and primary prevention based on its evolving investigations and the importance of its prevention in hopefully reducing the burden of its clinical outcomes including cervical cancer. This review will summarized HPV infections and their role in carcinogenesis as well as the several preventive methods available in the hopes of reducing its incidence.
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Infekční příčiny novotvarů
Olos, Tomáš ; Dáňová, Jana (vedoucí práce)
Cancer is one of the most serious problems of clinical medicine. At present, the cause of death of every fifth citizen of the CR and the incidence is rising. This civilization disease affects an extra lower age range. Compared to the past, this is mainly due to the fundamentally different composition of food that contains a preponderance of sugars and fats, but also stress and contamination of environmental substances with carcinogenic effect. Unsuitable diet and carcinogens present in the water, air and food cause the forming jednolivých higher number of tumor cells than the natural organism. The immune system may be weakened by stress and pollutants, it is not able to adequately respond to this situation. For the greatest amount of recovered material, I have most dealt with the issue of hepatocellular carcinoma and its relationship to hepatitis B an Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Nákazy s přírodní ohniskovostí - epidemiologické charakteristiky v ČR
Fárová, Magdalena ; Dáňová, Jana (vedoucí práce)
Téma své diplomové práce Nákazy s přírodní ohniskovostí - epidemiologické charakteristiky v ČR jsem si vybrala proto, že tyto nákazy jsou nyní aktuálním problémem, který se může dotýkat většiny obyvatel ČR. Přírodní ohnisko je přírodní celek s určitým zastoupením flóry a fauny, které umožňují život a trvalou přítomnost původce, rezervoárových zvířat a přenašečů [1]. Nákazy s přírodní ohniskovostí jsou nákazy, které se vyskytují v určitých lokalitách charakterizovaných: -rezervoárovými zvířaty (drobní hlodavci) -vektorem (přenašečem), který parazituje na rezervoárových zvířatech a přenáší nákazu na další hostitele -flórou a faunou (biocenózou), které tvoří přírodní prostředí pro rezervoárová zvířata, přenašeče a mezihostitele - a tím, že nákaza se udržuje bez přítomnosti člověka. Ten je článkem náhodným, většinou slepým (konečným), ale u některých typů infekce může být člověk sekundárně zdrojem nákazy a vznikají tzv. městské formy nákazy s přírodní ohniskovostí (žlutá zimnice, dengue, mor).
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