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Metabolism of fatty acids in pancreatic diseases
Macášek, Jaroslav ; Tvrzická, Eva (advisor) ; Stožický, František (referee) ; Kazdová, Ludmila (referee)
Introduction: Chronic pancreatitis (ChP) is a progressive inflammatory disorder characterized by the destruction of parenchyma that is replaced by fibrous tissue. Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a serious oncologic disease with poor prognosis. There is evidence that deregulation of fatty acid (FA) metabolism is connected with a number of diseases. We decided to analyze profile of FA in plasma lipid classes in patients with ChP, with 2 type diabetes mellitus (DM), with PC and healthy people. Pattern of FA is affected by many factors including starvation, dietary intake and various pathological states. The aim of the study was to analyze FA pattern in all lipid classes in all groups of patients, to elicit eventual deficiency of essential FA and to detect relationship between clinical or biochemical disturbances and FA profile. Material and methods: Patients with ChP (n= 39, 30/9 M/F), patients with ChP+DM (n=39, 30/9 M/F), patients with 2 type DM (n=38, 30/8 M/F) and healthy persons paired by the sex and age (n=39, 30/9 M/F) were included in the first group. Second group consisted of 84 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (47/37 M/F) and 68 healthy volunteers (36/32 M/F). Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were examined by conventional methods. Profile of FA in plasma lipids was determined by...
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The food intake comparison of the patients with the metabolic syndrome with or without hepatosteatosis/steatohepatitis
Štičková, Zdeňka ; Macášek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Meisnerová, Eva (referee)
Introduction: The aim of this bachelor thesis is to compare the food intake in patients with metabolic syndrome who also have Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) or Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatis (NASH). The main focus of this thesis is to observe the differences in eating habits of three different groups of patients. The first group is made up of patients with metabolic syndrome with liver steatosis (NAFLD), this group also includes two patients with metabolic syndrome without steatosis. The second group are patients with steatohepatitis (NASH). The third group are patients with normal BMI as well as obese people without any metabolic disease. The thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part covers the definition, causes, individual constituents, complications, prevention and therapy of the metabolic syndrome, steatosis and steatohepatitis. The practical part evaluates the diet and the eating habits of people with metabolic syndrome and the differences between patients with and without steatohepatitis. Methods: Quantitative research using questionnaires. The research group were patients from the lipid and hepatological outpatient department of the IV. Internal clinic of the General Faculty hospital in Prague. The critical discussion compares the results...
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The food intake comparison of the patients with the metabolic syndrome with or without hepatosteatosis/steatohepatitis
Štičková, Zdeňka ; Macášek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Meisnerová, Eva (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to compare the food intake in patients with metabolic syndrome, who suffer from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The main aim of this bachelor thesis is to find out differences in the diet of different groups of patients comprising patients with simple obesity, patients with metabolic syndrome without steatosis, patients with metabolic syndrome with steatosis and patients with metabolic syndrome complicated by steatohepatitis. This thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part introduces metabolic syndrome, its definition, occurrence, etiology, complications and its prevention and treatment. The topics about pathophysiology of the liver and the definition of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis are also covered. Methods: The practical part is a quantitative research in the form of questionnaires made at the 4th Internal Department at the General University Hospital in Prague. The patients met the criteria of the mentioned symptoms or diseases. The thesis compares the data from literature with the responses of the patients. We explored the question of the diet composed for example by regular intake of fermented milk products, selenium, green tea or...
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Metabolism of fatty acids in pancreatic diseases
Macášek, Jaroslav ; Tvrzická, Eva (advisor) ; Stožický, František (referee) ; Kazdová, Ludmila (referee)
Introduction: Chronic pancreatitis (ChP) is a progressive inflammatory disorder characterized by the destruction of parenchyma that is replaced by fibrous tissue. Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a serious oncologic disease with poor prognosis. There is evidence that deregulation of fatty acid (FA) metabolism is connected with a number of diseases. We decided to analyze profile of FA in plasma lipid classes in patients with ChP, with 2 type diabetes mellitus (DM), with PC and healthy people. Pattern of FA is affected by many factors including starvation, dietary intake and various pathological states. The aim of the study was to analyze FA pattern in all lipid classes in all groups of patients, to elicit eventual deficiency of essential FA and to detect relationship between clinical or biochemical disturbances and FA profile. Material and methods: Patients with ChP (n= 39, 30/9 M/F), patients with ChP+DM (n=39, 30/9 M/F), patients with 2 type DM (n=38, 30/8 M/F) and healthy persons paired by the sex and age (n=39, 30/9 M/F) were included in the first group. Second group consisted of 84 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (47/37 M/F) and 68 healthy volunteers (36/32 M/F). Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were examined by conventional methods. Profile of FA in plasma lipids was determined by...
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Enteral and parenteral nutrition in the prevention of the refeeding syndrome
Papoušek, Jan ; Novák, František (advisor) ; Macášek, Jaroslav (referee)
In severely malnourished individuals whose energy intake from food was low for an extended period, the sudden restoration of nutrition could cause a rapid decrease in serum electrolyte levels, which can be life-threatening. This phenomenon is called the refeeding syndrome (RFS) and it is particularly noticeable in the introduction of the refeeding process and the administration of artificial nutrition. In the prevention of RFS it is necessary to correctly set the initial nutrition, carefully monitor the patient's health status and the development of serum electrolyte levels, particularly phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium. It is advisable to supplement lacking micronutrients, in particular vitamin B1. In my thesis I focus on practical procedures at the beginning of refeeding and observe the development of the health status of patients in the first five days of nurturing. The aim was to develop a refeeding procedure for people at high risk of RFS and verify its use in clinical practice. The research was based on predetermined selection criteria. Three eligible patients in different clinical status who met the criteria were chosen. Attending physicians were familiar with the recommended procedure of refeeding which served as a guide for the application of the specific nutrition products. All three patients...
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