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Methodology of using molecular markers for detection of resistance genes to wheat rusts, powdery mildew and eyspot, and dwarfing genes of wheat
Sumíková, Taťána ; Dumalasová, Veronika ; Trávníčková, Martina
The aim of the publication is to summarize detailed protocols for detection of following resistance genes to wheat rusts, powdery mildew and eyspot (Lr10, Lr19, Lr24, Lr26+Sr31+Yr9+Pm8, Lr28, Lr34+Yr18, Lr37+Yr17+Sr38, Pch1), and dwarfing genes of wheat (Rht-B1 a Rht-D1) using molecular markers based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The protocoles are reliable optimized for routine use in a common laboratory with basic equipment needed for PCR.
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The sampling methodology for GM plants unintentionally present in the environment
Ovesná, Jaroslava ; Kučera, Ladislav ; Sovová, Tereza ; Mitrová, Katarína ; Pouchová, Vladimíra
In this methodology, sampling of plants from agricultural crops(corn, soybean, canola and potato) is defined to assess the presence of unauthorized GM plants in the environment.The methodology is applied mainly in the field of inspection controls of the compliance with Act no.78/2004. The sampling and collected samples must represent to a maximum extent the crops of the controlled part of the field (land parcel or land parcel portion). The basic applications of the methodology include:(a) low portion of unauthorized GM plants(seed contaminated with GM plants unauthorized for cultivation), (b) monitoring of the presence of unauthorized GM plants on land parcel, where there was such an occurence recorded in previous years (for example, plants growing on the field from seeds or tubers from the so called "soil´s seed bank").
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Wheat streak mosaic virus: an important disease in cereal crops
Kumar, Jiban ; Slavíková, Lucie ; Chalupníková, Jana
Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) causes serious disease in cereal crops, particularly in wheat. The main symptoms caused by WSMV include chlorotic streak mosaic on leaf, which become necrotic and gradually dry form the top of the leaf. In severe infection plant stunting and spike become sterile. WSMV is transmitted by cereal curl mite Aceria tosichella, and in low level (up to 1.5%) also transmitted by seeds. WSMV was detected in first time in the former Czechoslovakia in early eighties. The incidence of the virus in recent years is growing in the Czech Republic and even severe occurrence and wide distribution in some wheat fields in different regions of the country was determinated. This methodology put together recent knowledge of WSMV and its vector, including the incidence and possibilities of control cereal crops against the virus.
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Methodological guidance for management in vulnerable zones
Klír, Jan ; Kozlovská, Lada ; Haberle, Jan ; Mühlbachová, Gabriela
The methodology describes measures for protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources in vulnerable zones of the Czech Republic. The methodology clearly describes individual requirements of the 4th Action Programme of the Nitrates Directive for the period 2016–2020 as adapted by CR government for reduction of nitrogen losses by nitrates leaching into surface water and groundwater, reduction of surface water eutrophication and reduction of nitrates transmission to the neighboring countries in waters flowing from the territory of the Czech Republic. The aim is to reduce water pollution from nitrogen compounds from agricultural sources into the aquatic environment, the results of which are such as to cause hazards to human health, harm to living resources and to aquatic ecosystems, damage to amenities or interference with other legitimate uses of water. The publication also includes links to selected technical publications and related legislation.
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Management principles for waters protection against pollution by nitrates
Klír, Jan ; Kozlovská, Lada
The methodology summarizes the codes of good agricultural practices for protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources. The requirements contributing to reduction of nitrogen losses as exclusion of nitrogen fertilization during unsuitable periods, on flooded, frozen or snow covered soils are concisely described. Further, the recommendations for management of sloping fields, in proximity of surface waters and the principles of fertilizer use respecting soil-climate conditions, nitrogen demand by crops and soil nutritional status are given. Explanation of basic technical terms and references of relevant publications and legislative norms are supplied.
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Methods of detection of viruses from cereals and grasses using SYBR Green I RT-qPCR
Jarošová, Jana ; Dráb, Tomáš ; Beoni, Eva ; Kumar, Jiban
The family Poaceae is one of the most important groups of plants in the terms of agricultural production. The family Poaceae also hosts many pathogens including >100 known virus species. The distribution of the viruses varies according to hosts, geographical and other conditions. In this methodology we provide assays for detection of nine cereal and grass viruses (Brome mosaic virus-BMV, Barley yellow dwarf virus-BYDV, Lolium latent virus-LoLV, Oat necrotic mottle virus-ONMV, Ryegrass mosaic virus-Rg- MV, Soil-borne cereal mosaic virus-SBCMV, Spartina mottle virus-SpMV, Wheat dwarf virus-WDV a Wheat streak mosaic virus-WSMV) by SYBR Green I RT-qPCR.
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Cryopreservation of sensitive potato genotypes
Faltus, Miloš ; Bilavčík, Alois ; Zámečník, Jiří
This methodology describes the preparation of explants prior to cryopreservation, dehydration of shoot tips, procedure and principles of sample cryopreservation, regeneration of control plants, including evaluation of explant survival and regeneration for sensitive potato genotypes which were formerly very difficult to cryopreserve. Ministry of agriculture of the Czech Republic is the user of this methodology and it applies it in the framework of the "National program for conservation and utilization of plant genetic resources, animals and micro-organisms important for nutrition and agriculture".
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The possibilities to combine biogas production and biowaste hydrothermal carbonization
Usťak, Sergej ; Honzík, Roman ; Muňoz, jakub
The objective of the methodology is to provide to farmers, agricultural consultants, owners and operators of biogas plants, to biowaste producers and processors, to experts in the field of soil reclamation and melioration, to investors and other interested parties on the concerned issues, the basic information about the potential at the combination of biogas production and biowaste hydrothermal carbonization. These options are evaluated on the basis of processing at accumulated energy intensity for the above combined processes and its comparison with conservative biogas production using the example biogas plant with installed electrical capacity of 800 kW. Part of the methodology is guided to evaluate the potential use of thermo- pressure hydrolysis unit as a device for digestate hydrothermal carbonization and other wastes in order to improve their performance, particularly in terms of employment in agriculture as highquality substrates for soil fertilization and for the purpose of soil carbon sequestration.
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The possibilities to use hydrothermally treated biowaste for air and water cleaning
Usťak, Sergej ; Muňoz, Jakub ; Usťaková, Marie
The aim of the methodology is to provide to farmers, agricultural consultants, biogas plants owners and operators, originators and processors of biowaste, experts in the field of reclamation and recultivation, investors and other interested parties on issues concerned with the basic information on the use of hydrothermally treated biowaste, especially hydrothermally treated residues from anaerobic fermentation for water and air cleaning. In the introduction, the methodology provides a basic overview on literature regarding to coal similar materials, methods for their preparation, especially the way of hydrothermal carbonization, its basic characteristics and its possibilities and perspectives of application in practice. Furthermore, the methodology describes the actual results obtained during the research project usable in practice and provides their agrochemical, environmental and economic evaluation in the case of application at soils. At the end summarizes the main potential applications and uses of new products based on hydrothermally modified residues as essential components of the filter medium for water and air cleaning.
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Determination of causal agent of ring rot of potato, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus bacteria in breeding and multiplicated materials
Pánková, Iveta ; Krejzar, Václav
The methodology includes a method of artificial infection of plants and potato tubers as a prerequisite for the study of migration and localization of the pathogen in tubers and within the plant vascular tissues, time schedule and recommended size of samples of individual parts of plants and potato tubers during the growing season, depending on external conditions and potato genotype, how to deal with samples of the plants and potato tubers prior to treatment, method of processing samples of individual plant parts and tuber depending on the detection method and the optimization of methods for detection of the pathogen Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus. In compliance with the proposed methodological procedure should be interrupted vertical transmission of the pathogen in the process of breeding, the possibility of detection of the pathogen in breeding and propagation material and reduction of suspicious samples should be increased and the late positive determination of ring rot in the official phytosanitary and company checks abroad should be reduced.
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