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Hybridization of cattails Typha latifolia and T. angustifolia
Mašterová, Helena ; Fér, Tomáš (advisor) ; Mandák, Bohumil (referee)
This study investigates the hybridization of two species of cattails, Typha latifolia (Common Cattail) and T. angustifolia (Narrow-leaved Cattail) in the Czech Republic. The aim of this study was to determine, how often T. latifolia and T. angustifolia hybridize, whether hybridization is allowed by overlapping flowering time of these species and whether it is possible these species controlled cross in a culture. For detection of hybrid individuals were used microsatellite DNA markers, which allow to detect hybridization events and differentiate hybrids from the parental species. Molecular analysis revealed that hybridization of T. latifolia and T. angustifolia occurs in the Czech Republic, but it is not frequent. Of the 267 analyzed individuals, 130 individuals were pure species T. latifolia, 108 individuals pure species T. angustifolia and 29 individuals were hybrids. Of the hybrids, 23 were advanced hybrids, 5 were backcrosses and only one individual was F1 hybrid. Flowering time of T. latifolia and T. angustifolia overlaps, which allows hybridization, and flowering time to not act as a prezygotic reproductive isolation barrier and gametes T. latifolia and T. angustifolia can blend together. In controlled crosses the female spikes T. latifolia and T. angustifolia created seeds, but these were...
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Analysis of Pharmacotherapy by patients with diagnosis of COPD
Kartali Kaouni, Marilena ; Vlček, Jiří (advisor) ; Matoulková, Petra (referee)
Title: Analysis of Pharmacotherapy by patients with diagnosis of COPD Student: Marilena Kartali-Kaouni Tutor: Prof. RNDr. Jiri Vlcek, CSc Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Background: " Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. The airflow limitation is usually both progressive and associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to noxious particles or gases". Tobacco smoking is the major risk factor in the development of COPD. COPD is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Aim: 1st from the current literature to understand the nature of COPD and obtain information about the aetiopathogenesis of the disease, diagnosis options and summarize the current view of strategies for achieving the goals of treatment. 2nd in a pilot study to analyze drug therapy in COPD patients visiting a pharmacy in Greece. Methods: 56 prescriptions with the diagnosis of COPD were collected during a period of 8 months from a Greek pharmacy. Information from the prescriptions with regard to COPD medications prescribed (active substances, trade names, strength, dosage scheme, pack size), patients characteristics (age and gender) and prescribing...
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Biological activity of plant metabolites XXIV. Influence of alkaloids from some species of the genus Fritillaria L. on activity of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase.
Mervartová, Markéta ; Opletal, Lubomír (advisor) ; Chlebek, Jakub (referee)
Mervartová, M.: Biological activity of plant metabolites XXIV. Influence of alkaloids from some species of the genus Fritillaria L. on activity of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. Diploma thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové 2013, 60 s. Biological activity of extracts to human acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) was carried out. Extracts were prepared from ten chosen species of the genus Fritillaria which could be perspective for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: F. camtschatcensis (bulb), F. eduardii (bulb), F. elwesii (bulb), F. graeca (bulb), F. hermonis var. amana (bulb), F. imperialis (herb), F. meleagris var. alba (bulb), F. michailovskyi (bulb), F. minuta (bulb), F. ussuriensis (bulb). Sumary (ethanol) and alkaloidal (ethylacetate) extract were prepared from each sample. The sumary extract was obtained by extraction of pulverized drug by 95% ethanol. The alkaloidal extract was made by following dissolution in 2% H2SO4, filtration, alkalization by 10% Na2CO3 on pH approx. 10 and final extraction of alkaloidal bases into ethylacetate. The inhibitory activity of these extracts to human AChE (from red blood cells) and BuChE (from plasma) was...
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Charakterizace TRAILem indukované, receptor-specifické signalizace v nádorových buňkách.
Peterka, Martin ; Anděra, Ladislav (advisor) ; Rohlena, Jakub (referee)
TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of TNF family expressed mainly by hematopoietic cells. TRAIL brought significant attention mainly for its ability to trigger apoptosis in a number of cancer cells. In addition to apoptosis, TRAIL can induce several other signaling pathways such as activation of MAP kinases or canonical NF-B signaling. Human TRAIL can bind to five receptors but only two of them (death receptors TRAIL-R1/DR4 and TRAIL-R2/DR5) can trigger TRAIL-mediated apoptotic and non-apoptotic signaling in target cells. Both receptors are ubiquitously expressed on normal and cancer cells, but the relative contribution of DR4 and DR5 to TRAIL-induced signaling is not well known. Using DR4/DR5-specific variants of TRAIL, we examined how individual receptor contributes to the induction of apoptosis and NF-B, JNK, p38, ERK1/2 and TAK1 signaling pathways in selected colorectal cells. We found that in DLD-1 cells, apoptosis and activation of JNKs are mainly mediated by DR4-selective ligand. In TRAIL-resistant HT-29 cells, we show that though DISC formation and activation of caspase-8 proceeds mainly via DR4-specific signaling, activation of NF-B pathway is mainly triggered by DR5 selective ligand. In other cells and analyzed signaling pathways both receptor-specific ligands triggered very...
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Validation of Czech Version of 3DPAR questionare for adolescent
Svobodová, Eliška ; Procházka, Michal (advisor) ; Radvanský, Jiří (referee)
Author's first name and surname: Bc. Eliška Svobodová Title of the master thesis: The Validation of czech version of 3DPAR questionnaire for adolescents Department: Department of Physiotherapy and Sports Medicine Supervisor: As. MUDr. Michal Procházka The year of presentation: 2013 Abstract: The aim of the study was to test the questionnaire of physical activity "3 Day Physical Activity Recall" and determine its reliability and validity. The research was accomplished by using pedometers Yamax SW 200 on a group of children from 15 to 17 years. The theoretical part of this thesis reviews the possibilities of monitoring the physical activity of youth by subjective and objective methods with some examples of studies already carried out. The results were statistically processed and described. Keywords: physical activity, 3DPAR questionnaire, pedometer I agree the thesis paper to be lent within the library service.
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Translation and Commentary on MaHaRaL's Responsum to an Issue of Nadlerism
Šimonová, Channa ; Biernot, David (advisor) ; Nosek, Bedřich (referee)
Summary: Překlad a výklad MaHaRaLova responsa ve věci nadlerismu. Translation and Commentary on MaHaRaL's Responsum to an Issue of Nadlerism. Channa Šimonová Even 400 years after writing Maharal's Netivot olam his challenge to responsibility and fortitude is still current. My purpose was to translate Jisrael's enquiry and Maharal's response. I do not seek a exhaustive analysis Maharal's teaching's. I seek a most authentic translation. This I want get with my notes and interpretation. In the text I see three kind of literal styles: 1) poetical passages, which I do not poeticize, however they are still outstanding attribute of rabbinical correspondence, 2) "agadic" passages, which are ideal both for translation and interpretation, 3) halachic - juridical passages, which I interpret structurally. I hope, that I redound with my diploma thesis to extend awareness of Maharal's work.
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Synthesis and study of 6-hydroxysphingosine-based ceramides
Kováčik, Andrej ; Vávrová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Roh, Jaroslav (referee)
Ceramides, belonging to large family of sphingolipids, play a significant role in many processes in living systems. They participate in both physiological and pathophysiological processes (cell signalization). In addition, they are essential in the human epidermis (stratum corneum), where they act as a barrier - they participate in the maintenance of stable internal environment (preventing the penetration of unwanted substances, pathogens and the loss of body water). Ceramide molecules constist of two basic components. Each molecule contains one of the four sphingo-like bases, and a fatty acid acyl, which is either non-substituted or substituted at the position α- or ω-. All these possible combinations give different types of ceramides that occur in the skin. This work focuses on ceramides based on 6-hydroxysfingosin - sphingosine base with a hydroxyl group in the 6-position. Ceramides (acylated bases) of this type were found only in the human epidermis, they do not play roles in cell signalization. Therefore, the preparation of this type of ceramides was studied in this work. Another reason to deal with 6- hydroxysfingosine was its unavailability on the market of chemical substances. Thus, the substance for further study was prepared. Synthesis of 6-hydroxysphingosine: first, commercially...
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Studies of properties of gene products of the Merkel cell carcinoma polyomavirus: Antibody preparation and expression vector construction.
Sauerová, Pavla ; Forstová, Jitka (advisor) ; Němečková, Šárka (referee)
Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is a recently discovered human virus, having it's genome often integrated in a genome of Merkel carcinoma cells. Although this type of carcinoma is not so usual, it is very aggressive and it's incidence has been rising in last few years. It is not surprising that this virus is nowadays in the centre of scientific interest, as well as other pathogens and mechanisms affecting human life. Because the virus was discovered not so long ago, its research has been at the whole beginning. This diploma thesisaims to contribute to the study of this virus from the molecular-virology point of view. A neutralizing monoclonal antibody, type IgG2a, targeted against the main capsid protein of MCPyV, VP1, and recognizing its conformational epitote was prepared. This antibody was then used for a pilot study of VP1 VLPs MCPyV movement in mammalian cells. Results showed that the studied virus, at least particularly, utilizes caveolin-1-carrying vesicles for its movement in cells (colocalisation of VP1 VLPs and caveolin-1 was observedColocalisation with EEA1 marker of early endosomes, LamP2 marker of endolysosomal compartments or with BiP marker of endoplasmic reticulum was sporadic but significant. These preliminary results suggest that MCPyV might utilise an endocytic pathway leading...
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Changes in beta-catenin expression during ontogenesis in the transgenic minipigs for human mutant huntingtin
Žižková, Martina ; Motlík, Jan (advisor) ; Jarkovská, Karla (referee)
Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by an unstable expansion of the CAG repeat sequence within the huntingtin gene. Huntingtin associates with ubiquitin-proteasome system that ensures degradation of particular proteins including β-catenin which is an important molecule whose equilibrated degradation is necessary for the proper functioning of the Wnt signaling pathway. The binding of β-catenin to the destruction complex is altered in HD, leading to the toxic stabilization of β-catenin. The main goal of my thesis was to determine whether the accumulation of β-catenin due to the presence of mutant huntingtin is also characteristic of Liběchov minipigs, a large animal model of Huntington's disease stably expressing N-truncated human mutant huntingtin. Using immunoblot and specific antibodies, we have revealed age-dependent accumulation of mutant huntingtin in transgenic minipigs. Unlike endogenous huntingtin, no decrease of the level of mutant huntingtin was observed in the striatum of transgenic animals. Surprisingly, this was followed by a decrease of phosphorylated β-catenin. Nevertheless, our results demostrate the accumulation of β-catenin in mesenchymal stem cells isolated from the oldest boars during ontogenesis. Furthermore, we have revealed a...
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