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Application of metal thin films as an internal standard for LIBS analysis of biological tissues
Juračka, Šimon ; Buday, Jakub (referee) ; Kopřivová, Hana (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with finding a new internal standard for LIBS analysis of biological soft tissues and optimizing parameters for this type of analysis. The aim of this thesis is to develop a new standardisation method that can significantly eliminate matrix effects, thus replacing the carbon used for this purpose. The new internal standard will be selected from five metals that will be deposited on the surface of mouse liver samples. The optimization of the parameters will be performed by implementing parts of Bayesian optimization. Both experiments are still almost untested in terms of LIBS analyses and could provide interesting grounds for future follow-up research not only in the field of bioimaging.
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X-ray micro and nano computed tomography of soft tissue
Kavková, Michaela ; Tromba, Giuliana (referee) ; Szabo-Rogers, Heather (referee) ; Zikmund, Tomáš (advisor)
Abstrakt Průmyslová rentgenová počítačová mikro tomografie (mikro CT) je nedestruktivní zobrazovací technika používaná pro vizualizaci vnitřních struktur vzorků a tvorbu přesných 3D modelů. Jádro této práce se zaměřuje na praktickou implementaci průmyslového mikro CT v oblasti biologického výzkumu se zaměřením na zobrazování měkkých tkání. Cílem této práce bylo prozkoumat potenciál mikro CT zobrazování jako nedestruktivní metody pro vizualizaci měkkých tkání a navrhnout komplexní metodiku pro přípravu vzorků a analýzu získaných dat ve specializovaných programech. Na příkladu případových studií jsou prezentovány aplikace mikro CT zobrazování v různorodých oblastech výzkumu vývojové biologie, poskytující metodologii pro přesnou 3D analýzu vybraných struktur. V závěru práce je diskutován potenciál zobrazování průmyslovým mikro CT v biologickém výzkumu, zaměřeným na schopnosti identifikovat anatomické struktury, sledovat vývojové procesy a zlepšit naše chápání komplexních biologických systémů.
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Multi-element analysis of soft tissues in paraffin by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy
Kopřivová, Hana ; Samek, Ota (referee) ; Pořízka, Pavel (advisor)
This thesis deals with the analysis of paraffin-embedded soft tissues using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and the complementary technique of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Specifically, the work focuses on optimizing soft tissue LIBS measurement parameters for femtosecond and nanosecond pulsed laser ablation at different wavelengths on mouse kidneys as a soft tissue model matrix. In addition, elemental analyses were performed on several samples of the most commonly occurring human skin cancers (malignant melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma) using the above-mentioned analytical methods. Maps of the spatial distributions of biogenic elements were obtained. Aim of this work is to show a potential of new analytical methods that are not intended to replace the classical histological examination completely. However, these techniques could be used for preliminary screening of tumor tissue or purely as a complementary technique for histologists to diagnose cancers. Both methods could offer a completely new perspective on soft tissue cancer diagnosis in the future.
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Pressure pain threshold evaluation in relation to the knee joint position - pilot study
Čechová, Tereza ; Čech, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Jevič, Filip (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the relationship between the level of stress of soft tissues and their pressure pain sensitivity. It aims to find out whether the level of tension in soft tissues, given by the position of neighbouring joints, affects the pressure pain threshold. The thesis assumptions were verified on a model situation with the sensitivity of the tissues of the ventral and dorsal sides of the thigh depending on the angular adjustment of the knee joint flexion. The theoretical part deals with the findings about biomechanical properties of soft tissues in relation to mechanical load and in the sense of tensile and compressive forces. It describes the mechanisms of tissue nociceptor activation and afferent signal transmission for processing by neurvous system. It distinguishes between the concepts of nociception and pain and deals with methods of their quantification, especially pressure algometry. A group of 30 (15 men and 15 women) healthy probands of younger adult age participated in the research. The values of the pressure pain threshold were measured for each person with an algometer from the ventral and dorsal side of the thigh with angular settings of 0ř, 45ř and 90ř flexion of the knee joint, with a constant position of the hip joint. The data set's statistical analysis did not show...
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The physiotherapy after soft tissue surgery of the knee joint after injury
ROZŠAFNÁ, Markéta
The bachelor's thesis deals with physiotherapy after soft tissue surgery of the knee joint caused by an injury. The work is divided into two main parts, the theoretical part and practical part. The theoretical part of the thesis first describes the anatomy, function, and kinesiology of the knee joint. The function of the soft tissues of the knee joint - ligaments and menisci - is also explained. Follows the pathophysiology of the knee joint, divided into congenital malformations and soft tissue injuries. At the end of the theoretical part of the work deals with the treatment of meniscus disorders and the treatment of disorders of the fibrous apparatus of the knee joint. The practical part was developed in the form of mixed research. The research group consisted of three probands - adult men aged 45-55 years, who met the conditions of this work. Two patients came to the Center of physiotherapy - Faculty of Health and Social sciences in České Budějovice, where I had the opportunity to work with them. The third patient came from my family and I met him at home. The practical part of the work consists of elaborated case reports of individual probands, input and output examinations, and a description of therapies. This work aimed to determine the effect of physiotherapy in patients after soft tissue injuries to the knee joint. The second goal was to find out how quickly the patient can return to the regime and normal life after the injury, or if there are any differences between the treatment rates of the athletic and non-athletic patients. I met probands regularly for 7-10 weeks, depending on the severity of their injury. The success of the therapy was evaluated according to the objective evaluation of the patient, by comparing the entrance and exit examinations and the subjective evaluation. Thanks to the evaluation of patients, it can be stated that both selected goals were met.
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Multi-element analysis of soft tissues in paraffin by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy
Kopřivová, Hana ; Samek, Ota (referee) ; Pořízka, Pavel (advisor)
This thesis deals with the analysis of paraffin-embedded soft tissues using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and the complementary technique of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Specifically, the work focuses on optimizing soft tissue LIBS measurement parameters for femtosecond and nanosecond pulsed laser ablation at different wavelengths on mouse kidneys as a soft tissue model matrix. In addition, elemental analyses were performed on several samples of the most commonly occurring human skin cancers (malignant melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma) using the above-mentioned analytical methods. Maps of the spatial distributions of biogenic elements were obtained. Aim of this work is to show a potential of new analytical methods that are not intended to replace the classical histological examination completely. However, these techniques could be used for preliminary screening of tumor tissue or purely as a complementary technique for histologists to diagnose cancers. Both methods could offer a completely new perspective on soft tissue cancer diagnosis in the future.
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Early rehabilitation after total hip replacement - the difference in patients operated from anterior and anterolateral approach.
Piruchtová, Karolína ; Teyssler, Petr (advisor) ; Ježková, Martina (referee)
Total hip replacement is one of the most common surgeries in orthopedics. Complete hip replacement can be addressed with several different types of surgical approaches. In this work we deal mainly with the anterior and anterolateral approach. The theoretical part of this work summarizes the basic knowledge about the anatomy, kinesiology of the hip joint and the prearthrotic causes leading to complete hip replacement. Furthermore, the types of surgical approaches, types of total endoprostheses are mentioned and the knowledge about soft tissue healing and early postoperative rehabilitation is summarized. The aim of this work is to determine whether rehabilitation will be faster in the first days after surgery in patients operated by the anterior approach, depending on the gentle approach and respect for anatomical structures, compared to the anterolateral approach. We present a group of 24 patients, 12 of whom underwent anterior approach and 12 anterolateral approach. In the practical part we evaluate and compare early postoperative rehabilitation in both approaches. The parameters we evaluate are the muscular strength of abduction, flexion and extension in the hip joint. Furthermore, the passive and active range of motion in the hip joint during abduction, flexion and extension. We also evaluate...
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Monitoring of the relationship between the asymmetry of facial skeleton and the soft tissues based on computed tomography
Skryjová, Zuzana ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Bigoni, Lucie (referee)
The human face is not perfectly symmetrical, slight asymmetries commonly occur in every individual across all populations. The aim of the work was to monitor the asymmetry on the entire surface of the soft and hard tissues of the heads of individuals with respect to age and sexual dimorphism. The follow-up goal was then to evaluate the difference in asymmetry between the tissues. The material for the work was a transverse set of CT images of the adult Czech population in the age range of 21-84 years. Individuals were divided according to gender into 50 men and 48 women and according to age into groups up to 39 years, 40-59 years and over 60 years. Geometric morphometry methods (CPD - DCA, asymmetry analysis, per vertex T-test, superprojection methods) were used for data analysis. The results were visualized using color maps and significance maps that show asymmetry and statistical significance. The variability of the file was analyzed by principal component analysis. The results of the evaluation of hard tissues showed a right protrusion on the anterior and lateral surfaces of the skull, in both men and women at all age intervals. This asymmetry was statistically very significant, in contrast to the posterior region, which was evaluated protrusion on the left side and had lower p-value. On the soft...
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Correlation of Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Biologic Methods in The Diagnosis of Tumors
Michal, Michael ; Skálová, Alena (advisor) ; Rychlý, Boris (referee) ; Zambo, Iva (referee)
This thesis is a collection of commentaries on altogether 13 first-authored and 20 co- authored publications where morphology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and molecular genetic methods were used to provide novel clues for arriving at an accurate diagnosis of tumors, as well as to propose novel approaches and refinement of classification of certain tumors. The presented manuscripts are the result of the postgraduate studies of MUDr. Michael Michal at the Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen in the period between 2015-2018. The author focused the main part of his research, particularly his first-authored manuscripts, on soft tissue tumors but also largely participated in research activities focusing on other body systems. Over the course of his studies, four main areas of interests within the topic of soft tissue pathology emerged. The first is oriented on soft tissue tumors of presumed (but unconfirmed) fibroblastic lineage. First two publications regard two related low-grade sarcomas called Myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma (MIFS) and Pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor (PHAT). In the first manuscript, a high-grade variant of the former is described. The latter publication is focused on the morphological and IHC similarities between both MIFS and PHAT. The third and...
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Possibilities of the use of indentation tests while studying the mechanical properties of soft tissues of the human locomotor system in vivo, in situ
Bittner, Václav ; Šifta, Petr (advisor) ; Bunc, Václav (referee) ; Čapek, Lukáš (referee)
POSSIBILITIES OF THE USE OF INDENTATION TESTS WHILE STUDYING THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOFT TISSUES OF THE HUMAN LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM IN VIVO, IN SITU ABSTRACT: The aim of this work was to analyze possibilities of the use of indentation tests, while studying mechanical properties of human locomotor system soft tissues in vivo, in situ. The synthesis of published findings and the results of our own surveys were used. A mathematical model of the indentation test was created as a part of theory. The geometry of the task was formulated as a solid cylinder penetrating into an infinite half-space made of viscoelastic material. The solution is based on the traditional analytical approach concerning stationary loading of flexible material. This procedure is generalized for Neo-Hooke's hyperelastic material and large deformations. The quantification of dissipative processes is based on the assumption that the stress tensor of a viscoelastic material can be decomposed into a purely elastic constituent and a purely dissipative constituent. The model enables to determine both elastic and viscous properties of the material. Experimental part of the work includes validation experiments. Based on the findings, it can be stated that myotonometry is a valid diagnostic method that allows an objective assessment of muscle tone...
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