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Strength calculation of high-pressure steam piping according to EN 13480
Řezník, Dominik ; Pernica, Marek (referee) ; Létal, Tomáš (advisor)
The Master's thesis deals with the stress and strength calculation of a high-pressure steam piping system, which is part of the steam piping system of a waste-to-energy plant. In the theoretical part of the thesis, basic knowledge about stress and strength and piping systems (pipe support system, types of loads, fittings and other components) is summarized with respect to the used standards. Part of the theoretical section also includes one of the objectives of the thesis, which is to provide basic knowledge about the KKS codes. In the practical part, firstly, using the VVD software, the pipe class is calculated and created in order to design nominal thicknesses of all the pipes and fittings from the piping system. The core part of the work is the performance of the stress and strength calculation in the CAESAR II software, which includes the appropriate setting of the calculation model based on the calculated pipe class and the documentation from the customer, the selection of pipe supports and the adjustment of the pipelines based on the previous and ongoing results. As part of the calculation, the nozzle loads and support loads are also assessed and verified. In the last part of the work, a simplified FEM calculation of the dump-tube (transition component for steam discharge into the condenser) is performed in PRG NozzlePro software. All the modifications are continuously discussed and the results are then summarized.
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Průša, David ; Žižková, Nikol (referee) ; Čermák, Jan (referee) ; Šuhajda, Karel (advisor)
In construction practice, microwave radiation is widely used for drying building materials, remediating damp masonry or sterilizing biotic pests that have invaded building structures. Another, albeit less frequent, use may be, for example, in accelerating the solidification of materials and components, where the time required to obtain the handling strength is reduced due to the effect of microwave radiation. The available scientific and technical literature indicates that some materials, such as brick elements, do not change their physical and mechanical properties when exposed to microwave radiation for moisture remediation, although this has not yet been sufficiently verified, and, in contrast, that there is a significant change in properties when microwave radiation is used to accelerate the setting of fresh mixtures, such as those containing a cementitious binder matrix. This thesis builds on many years of research in the area, complements and refines existing information, provides new insights into the mechanical and physical properties of commonly available building materials that have been exposed to controlled microwave radiation, and compares them with reference values. It also provides an opportunity for further experiments that can build on this research. The experimental research was conducted on two independent sets of samples. The first experiment was carried out on a set of clay brick samples, using tests according to European standards, and focused on the effect of microwave radiation on compressive strength and water absorption. The experimental specimens were exposed to moisture followed by exposure to microwave radiation for drying and then compared with reference specimens. The data from these experiments suggest that microwave radiation can be used for the rehabilitation of brick elements and there is no significant change in the resulting mechanical properties with respect to the initial condition. The second experiment was carried out on a set of concrete mixtures, where the curing process was accelerated using microwave radiation, and the mechanical and physical properties obtained were compared with those of reference specimens. The data from this experiment suggest that microwave radiation can be used to accelerate the curing of concrete specimens, thereby obtaining the handling strength in a relatively short time, but a reduction in the resulting strength can be expected compared with reference specimens.
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Hybrid Blends of Recycled Plastics
Černý, Miroslav ; Lehocký, Marián (referee) ; Balgová,, Vendula (referee) ; Jančář, Josef (advisor)
Work describes the relationship between structure and mechanical properties in case of hybrid mixtures. They are composed from polyurethane matrices (eventually polyurethane-urea or polyurethane-inorganic filler mixtures), different rubber fractions as filler and eventually reinforcement made from PET monofilaments. Mechanical behaviour was studied by tensile testing. Studied mechanical properties include tensile modulus, ultimate strength and strain and also specific energy need neccessary for ultimate strength achievement. Prepared materials are naturally porous. Therefore their mechanical behaviour has to be described generally for porous composites. The porosity occurence means, that it is difficult to describe them by models valid for mechanical behaviour (mainly elastic modulus) of nonporous composites. Models are also based on idealized structures on microscopic level. In case of porous composites, it is very difficult to create any idealized structure. The structure is changed with modifications of composition (change of components or their rates). These conditions have lead to utilizing of different approach how to describe the relationship between structure and mentioned mechanical properties. The chosen approach comes from knewledge about structural parametres coming from porosity. Structural parameters describe the structure on macroscopic level. They include interspace volume (volume lying between filler particles), interspace filling (how the matrix fills the interspace volume) and matrix volume fraction. Proposed parameters are used in relations, where they are fitted by exponents to interlay values of chosen mechanical properties for composites containing discrete matrix and filler. Found exponents are then described by properties of matrices to obtain relations describing properties of filled porous materials. Very similar approach was chosen for description in the case of reinforced composites. Proposed relation are potentially valid for materials containing binding matrix, infinity count of fillers and one kind of reinforcement.
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Test Equipment for Solder Joint Strength Measuring
Čechák, Ondřej ; Špinka, Jiří (referee) ; Starý, Jiří (advisor)
This master thesis introduces the problematics of the tensile strength of soldered joints and the correlative mathematical formulas and the use of mentioned problematics in the technology of die shear/pull machines designed for the solder joint tensile strength measurement. It explains the importance and reasons for the use of this technology. The emphasis is then laid on the design and construction innovations of the current laboratory manual shear/pull measuring machine, its semi-automation and the possibility of utilizing the innovated system in a laboratory class of a subject on FEEC BUT.
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Monitoring the influence of concrete composition on abrasion resistance
Černá, Hana ; Novosad, Petr (referee) ; Bodnárová, Lenka (advisor)
This diploma thesis focuses on the resistance of concrete to abrasion with regard to the raw materials used for their production. In the theoretical part of the thesis are described admixtures, different types of aggregate and aggregate composition which influence the resistance of concrete to abrasion. In the experimental part, 15 different C30 / 37, S4 concrete formulations were proposed. Different types of aggregates - fecal gravel (Žabčice), biotic granodiorite (Olbramovice) and amphibolite (Želešice) have always been used in the recipes. Fine ground limestone, micro-silica, high-temperature fly ash and finely ground slag were ingredients that were added to the proposed recipes. Consistency was determined by the method of cone seating and the density of fresh concrete. In the hardened state, concrete density, compressive strength, bending tensile strength, tensile strength, watertightness, concrete absorption, and abrasion resistance were determined using the Böhm method and wide wheel method. The test specimens were tested after 7, 28, and 90 days of maturation.
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Polymer nanocomposites with PMMA matrix
Kostková, Jana ; Žídek, Jan (referee) ; Jančář, Josef (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with s study of mechanical and viscoelastic properties of nanocomposites with PMMA matrix filled with different types of surface-modified silica, which differed by the specific surface area, surface treatment and particle size. Nanocomposites were prepared by dissolving, where nanofillers were injected into the dissolved matrix. Nanocomposite samples were tested in tensil and viscoelastic properties were determined till the softening point by dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMA). All types of nanofillers had almost no effect on tensile modulus of nanocomposites at room temperature (it was not reduced) one type of silica at a content 2 %, which was also confirmed by the DMA. The temperature DMA measurements showed that samples containing 2 % of silica were generally thermally more stable compared with nanocomposites containing 1 % of silica. Storage modulus of nanocomposites, except two ones, were similar or lower such pure PMMA to temperature 66 C, then the trend reversed. Loss modulus of all samples was one order of magnitude lower then the elastic modulus.
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ASSESSMENT OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES EXPOSED TO ELEVATED TEMPERATURES
Rozsypalová, Iva ; Kolář,, Karel (referee) ; Vítek,, Jan (referee) ; Daněk, Petr (advisor)
Doctoral thesis is focused on the assessment of concrete structures after fire exposure and extends the knowledge in view of the main aims of the research defined in the objectives of his work. Thanks to the performed fire tests of full-scale concrete specimens, material characteristics corresponding to actual fire load have been assessed for different temperature levels. Resulting from presented research, main steps of assessment procedure have been recommended for both destructive and non-destructive tests of concrete after exposure to fire. Furthermore, behaviour of FRP reinforcement at elevated temperatures have been investigated. Aiming to determine the effects of fire exposure on reinforced concrete structures, experimental program have been defined and performed, including concrete beams reinforced with either steel, or composite reinforcement with glass or carbon fibres and subjected to experimentally simulated fire load. After cooling, bending test have been executed. Above mentioned experimental program was further complemented by extensive numerical analysis. Finally, presented work provides guidelines regarding further investigations required in this field of research.
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Design of Wing and Landing gear for TST 14 MC Glider
Štěpánek, Jan ; Šošovička, Róbert (referee) ; Juračka, Jaroslav (advisor)
Modification of TST-14 MC glider, calculation of flight envelope, distribution of lift on the wing, calculation of loading cases of the wing, strength check of choosen construction nodes, design of the landing gear retraction mechanism, setting up loading of landing gear according to ULKM, strength check of landing gear
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Materials for Production of Chords for Musical Instruments
Krhut, Štěpán ; Němec, Karel (referee) ; Molliková, Eva (advisor)
My bachelor’s work is about materials used for making the musical strings and its protection against its wear off. The introduction deals with evolution and history of the musical strings and the next chapters explain physical basics of the vibrations and how to make the musical string. There are also highlighted and many times mentioned guitar strings in my work due to the string manufacturers are made to develop and implement various high level demands into the strings because of the many various guitar playing techniques.
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Study of the dependence of concrete composition on the values of elasticity modules
Křížová, Klára ; Kolář,, Karel (referee) ; Adámek, Jiří (referee) ; Ďurica,, Tibor (referee) ; Hela, Rudolf (advisor)
The modulus of elasticity is one of the basic characteristics of concrete defining elastic deformation of concrete and it plays a significant role in the static design of structures. Due to current trends in concrete technology, offering a wide variability in the proposals of the composition of concrete, there are changes not only in strength characteristics but also in the modulus of elasticity of concrete. The aim of this doctoral thesis is to study the dependence of different compositions on modulus of elasticity of concrete. Design of concrete composition is prepared with respect to the use of different types of cement, mineral admixtures, types and fractions of aggregates. The work is mainly focused on the determination of static modulus of elasticity in compression with the addition of dynamic modules. In the first phase determined modulus of elasticity are compared with tabulated values according to Eurocode 2, which are derived for the specific strength class of concrete. Part of this work is the compilation of the main technological aspects of concrete which can favorably affect the modulus of elasticity.
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