|
|
Nonindigenous amphibian and reptile species of the Near and Middle East
Pazderková, Marie ; Šmíd, Jiří (advisor) ; Brejcha, Jindřich (referee)
This literary review summarizes information about twelve reptile and amphibian species, which are nonindigenous for the Near and Middle East. The studied area comprises the following states: Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Qatar, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Palestine. Nonindigenous species are introduced to new localities mainly via human causation. It can be either unintentional, such as transportation of the animal along with agricultural crops or exotic plants, or intentional, such as releasing the animal into the wild by breeder. Introduction of nonindigenous species can have unfortunate consequences for the stability of the indigenous ecosystem. From a human point of view, nonindigenous species can negatively affect local agriculture. Key words: Nonindigenous species, invasive species, Near East, Middle East, ecosystem, introduction, reptile, amphibian
|
|
|
Risk of introducton of leishmaniases into Europe
Přibylová, Helena ; Dvořák, Vít (advisor) ; Vojtková, Barbora (referee)
Leishmania is a genus of parasitic protozoa-causing disease called leishmaniasis. This disease manifests itself in some clinical forms. Proven vectors are phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) From more than 900 described species of Phlebotomus to date, probably more than 80 are proven or suspected vectors of leishmanias. The main endemic area is the Mediterranean in Europe, where the proven or suspected phlebotomine sand flies occur. Over the years, more leishmaniasis cases have been reported (more than 10,000 cases of human nonendemic leishmaniasis and more than 700 imported cases of canine leishmaniasis usually from non-endemic European countries). Imported cases of leishmaniasis are mostly reported among tourists and travellers who travel due to their professional reasons (scientists, workmen, soldiers) and migrants. Phlebotomine sand flies spread to new areas and the models, which are based on climate change and the environment, show, that this trend will continue. This thesis tries to discuss some risk factors associated with the potential risk of introducing and spreading leishmaniasis into Europe. Keywords: Leishmania, Phlebotomus, leishmaniasis, introduction, Europe, distribution, risks, hosts, vectors
|
|
|
Geographical origin of alien plants in the Czech Republic
Kopicová, Irena ; Chuman, Tomáš (advisor) ; Matějček, Tomáš (referee)
The topic of the proposed thesis is the geographical origin of non-native species of plants in the Czech Republic and it deals with non-native plants while identifying their phyto- areas. The causes of introduction, plant characteristics as well as ecological consequences, gains and dangers for the biodiversity in the Czech Republic are also assessed. The thesis is divided into two parts with first part dealing with a theoretical introduction in a form of a literary research on the geographic origin of non-original species of higher plants in the Czech Republic. Here, the basic terminology is discussed and so are specific issues. A chapter dealing with neo-phytes contains also a subsection on invasive plants, where it was necessary to stress their potential threat to ecosystems. Second part is devoted to the application of the topic in the education of geography by creating a work sheet and by defining main terminology for high school students. The aim is to encourage students to think about which plants are important, where they come from and why and how they reached us. Likewise, it is important that students could reflex on how non- native plants may affect the ecosystem in which they had been introduced.
|
|
|
Divergence and variability of genus Euscorpius in Europe
Novotný, Tomáš ; Šťáhlavský, František (advisor) ; Hula, Vladimír (referee)
This Bachelor of Science thesis summarizes current knowledge about the species diversity and distribution of European scorpions of the genus Euscorpius. In this area it is the most species-rich genus of scorpions with significant additions to the total number of recognized species during the past decade from five species in 1999 to 17 species nowadays. This is primarily due to the use of molecular characters (especially the analysis of mitochondrial 16S RNA gene), allowing a better understanding of the variability of some morphological and morphometric characters. This work summarizes historical concepts of species variation and the use of the different types of characters in the genus Euscorpius. The distribution of the species currently recognized is described together with known factors that may affect it. The distribution of scorpions in the Czech Republic is included as a special chapter. Some species are suspected to have been accidentally introduced into new regions of Europe, of which the best example is E. tergestinus which has been introduced into Bohemia.
|
|
|
Choroby dřevin a mykoflóra arboreta Křtiny, ŠLP Křtiny
Riedelová, Adéla Julija
The thesis focuses on woody plant diseases and mycoflora of the arboretum Křtiny. In the period from November 2013 to October 2015 a research was made there using methods of the Czech Scientific Society for Mycology, citizens association. Macromycetes and fungi were observed and their presence is provable by languishing and phytopathological changes of woody plants. For each species substrate and woody plant were marked. In total 62 fungi species were determined. 13 species of mycorrhizal fungi were identified. The thesis also describes diseases and damages that might be caused by fungi pathogens. Findings of fungi were compared to the inventory research made between 1981 and 1984. Introduced woody plants were assessed from the point of view of connection of selected fungi species and their susceptibility to pathogens. Significance of the arboretum as a source of knowledge development and protection of forest ecosystems was evaluated.
|
|
|
Corylus colurna L. - the perspective species for the forests
Němečková, Gabriela
This thesis is an evaluation of growth characteristics of the Turkish hazel tree in Brno and Bílovice nad Svitavou localities. Following the methodology (Kolařík et al., 2010), the physiological vitality, health condition and stability of this species are evaluated. The thesis encompasses a comparison with results obtained in theses written in 1988, 2002 and 2010, which were composed of an inventory and an evaluation of the Turkish hazel species in the same localities. In the following chapters, a description of its fertility capabilities, flowering intensity and of the infestation of the hazelnut gall mite (Eriophyes avellanae Nal.) can be found. Detailed branch measuring method and age determination calculations are also given.
|
|
|
Nepůvodní druhy raků na Slovensku
LIPTÁK, Boris
Human activities have largely impacted the environment and its biota to the extent that biodiversity declines can be seen worldwide. Biological invasions significantly contribute to these processes. Slovakia is a rapidly developing country stretching along the northern parts of the Pannonian basin and western Carpathian Mountains. Geological characteristics predetermine its extraordinarily high species richness thanks to largely preserved regions and habitats of high biological and conservational value. As a result, a strong population of the stone crayfish occurs in the western part of the country, while there is a countrywide distribution of the noble crayfish. On the contrary, the country's narrow-clawed crayfish is on the edge of extinction. The main reason behind the decline of this species is the expansion of the non-indigenous crayfish species transmitting the crayfish plague pathogen. Although sites of the stone and the noble crayfish occur in the upper parts of the river basins, there is a high risk of crayfish plague outbreaks, since the established spiny-cheek crayfish population are confirmed chronic carriers of the causative agent. Aquarist trade is increasingly recognized as an important pathway for the non-indigenous species introductions, out of which some may establish and become invasive. Freshwater crayfish, shrimp and crab species were recorded in the aquarist trade in Slovakia, counting altogether 26 different species. The marbled crayfish was one of the most frequently traded species. We identified several new sites of the marbled crayfish occurrence with established reproducing populations in very close vicinity of major rivers in the country. One of the newly identified flourishing spiny-cheek crayfish populations is located close behind a bank with a pumping station, i.e. critically close to a sidearm of the Danube River, with a confirmed crayfish plague infection. Marbled crayfish can become a crayfish plague carrier acquiring the pathogen from the infected spiny-cheek population in the Danube and rapidly spreading the disease along the river, thereby endangering the remaining populations of the narrow-clawed crayfish. More sites with the marbled crayfish are expected to occur in the country. Given their parthenogenetic reproduction, theoretically, a single individual is sufficient to establish a new sustaining population. Considering the high availability of the marbled crayfish in the pet trade industry and the rising numbers of established populations in the wild, research clarifying its potential impacts on the invaded ecosystems was warranted. We provide the first study investigating the trophic position and food preferences of the marbled crayfish in its well-established populations. Based on carbon 13C and nitrogen 15N stable isotopes analysis marbled crayfish were identified in the middle of the trophic chain with polyphagic diets. Marbled crayfish were found to utilize algae, allochthonous and autochthonous detritus, zoobenthos and macrophytes, thus being a strong competitor to a wide scale of organisms depended on the same food sources. The marbled crayfish transmit the energy from the bottom of the trophic pyramid to higher trophic levels as it was found to be a prey for top fish predators. This species can form dense populations and become a dominant component of the benthic fauna, thus affecting the entire invaded ecosystem. Its trophic niche width confirms high plasticity of the species, sustaining its populations in a wide range of different habitats. The marbled crayfish is thus a highly adaptable invader that can threaten not only the indigenous crayfish species by means of competition and the spread of crayfish plague, but also entire freshwater ecosystems and their biota.
|
|
| |
|
|
Rak mexický {Cambarellus patzcuarensis} - přehledová studie
TOMAN, Jan
Indigenous crayfish are increasingly threatened by their non-indigenous counterparts, which species are often more tolerant and adaptable. In case of North American species, they are also chronic carries of crayfish plague, a disease mostly lethal to crayfish of non-North American origin. In this bachelor thesis entitled "Mexican dwarf crayfish (Cambarellus patzcuarensis) - an overview", there is a summary containing available information about the Mexican dwarf crayfish, while main, so far unknown biological features of this species, are defined. Nowadays, this crayfish is one of the most bred and sold crayfish within the pet trade. However, its introductions can lead to unwanted alterations in newly occupied ecosystems. This overview of the available information on the Mexican dwarf crayfish and the definition of so far insufficiently known aspects of its biology can serve as a valuable basis for follow-up studies.
|
|
|
Tropické pavilony zoologických zahrad jako životní prostor pro necílové organizmy
Pešan, Vojtěch
This bachelor theses deals with the topics: Tropical pavilions in zoological gardens as a living space for non-target organisms and it is focused on investigation of synatropic spider species in zoological gardens of the Czech Republic. The main aim was to complete all available information about particular pavilions, glasshouses and basement of ZOOs and the information whether are these conditions suitable for colonisation by non-target organisms. Main part was a sample collecting of free living spiders in basement and pavilions of ZOOs, which are not a part of visible part of the exhibitions. These samples were identified to the species level. The most interesting info was whether are there present our native rare species or even species new for the territory of the Czech Republic. After identification was found, that the most common species were mainly Achaearanea tepidariorum (Koch, 1841) and Pholcus phalangioides (Fuesslin, 1775). The most interesting was a find of Loxosceles rufescens (Dufour, 1820) and Tegenaria parietina (Fourcroy, 1785) as a new species for the Czech Republic. It was also found several species, which were recorded in the Czech Republic, but which are very rare, mainly Triarieris stenaspis Simon, 1891.
|
guest ::
