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Prognostic markers of disease course in early stages of multiple sclerosis
Petržalka, Marko ; Marusič, Petr (advisor) ; Taláb, Radomír (referee) ; Lízrová, Jana (referee)
Prognostic markers of disease course in early stages of multiple sclerosis ABSTRACT This thesis analyzes the biomarkers of unfavorable prognosis assessed at early stages of multiple sclerosis. Because specific biomarkers often providerather complex information,the theoretical part provides a summary of biomarkers used not only in prognosis assessment, but also in diagnostics and therapy monitoring. In the empirical part, we have investigatedthe prognostic value of intrathecal synthesis of class M immunoglobulins, serum and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of interleukin 2, interleukin 6, interleukin 10, chitinase 3-like 2 protein and neurofilament heavy chains, assessed from samples acquired during diagnostic procedures. 58 patients early after the first manifestation of multiple sclerosis were included. All patients initiated therapy with glatiramer acetate, teriflunomide, or interferon beta. To assess the evolution of the disease, we followed the patients clinically and with MRI for two years. Interleukin 2 to interleukin 6 ratio of cerebrospinal fluidvalues ˂0.48 (p=0.0028), interleukin 2 in cerebrospinal fluid ≥1.23 (p=0.0260), chitinase 3-like 2 in cerebrospinal fluid ≥7900 (p=0.0330), age at clinical onset ˂22 years (p=0.0312) and baseline Expanded Disability Status Scale ≥1.5 (p=0.0481), proved to...
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The metabolic role of pulmonary arterial fibroblasts in the activation of immune system during development of pulmonary arterial hypertension
Křivonosková, Monika ; Plecitá, Lydie (advisor) ; Zadražil, Zdeněk (referee)
The development of inflammation in the small distal pulmonary vessels plays an important role in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). One of the cell types found in the pulmonary vessels are fibroblasts, which, according to the "outside-in" theory, may be the first to respond to stimuli in the vessel, modulating remodeling of the pulmonary vessels toward the inner layers of the vessel and attracting other immune cells to the site. In addition to inflammation, the so- called Warburg effect also occurs in vessels affected by PAH, in which metabolism shifts toward glycolysis and lactate production. Among other changes, a pro-oxidative state is induced within the cell by mitochondrial metabolism and NADPH oxidase, leading to an imbalance in reactive oxygen species production. We therefore wanted to test whether calf lung fibroblasts with hypoxia-induced PAH have an active inflammasome, with which they would produce mature interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and to clarify the effect of a pro-oxidant environment on this expression. In our in vitro model we have confirmed IL-1β mRNA expression, but we were unable to detect its expression at the protein level. This was consistent with the inability to detect inflammasome activity. We believe that the inability to detect the protein form of IL-1β...
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Regulation of Novel cytokines in Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases
Yadollahi, Benjamin ; Šenolt, Ladislav (advisor) ; Krulová, Magdaléna (referee)
A large number of cytokines are expressed in the feet and hands joints of patients with Rheumatoid arthritis. It is necessary to study the new cytokines which may help in prognosis and diagnosis of this autoimmune disease. Omentin1 and Interleukin 20 are the new cytokines and their expressions may have a role in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines; IL-1, IL-6 and TNF, in different cell tissues such as synovial fibroblasts, chondrocytes, peripheral blood mononuclear cells and, sera. It is conceivable that these biomarkers may be used in biological therapies.
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Procalcitonin as an early marker of bacterial infection
Mikulová, Lenka ; Beránek, Martin (advisor) ; Drastíková, Monika (referee)
Introduction: Procalcitonin (PCT) is a 13 kD protein with a chain of 116 amino acids. It consists of parafollicularcells of the thyroid gland. Inflammatory procalcitonin is made up of 114 amino acids. Procalcitonin from plasma in the course of inflammatory process, does not consistof C-cells of the thyroid gland but it is generatedin the liver, and, to a lesser extent, in the lungs, kidneys, testes, prostate and small intestine. Objectives: 1. To compare the levels and the dynamics of C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin in the inflammatory process. in three patients with different diagnoses. To compare the number of examined PCT according to indicated VFN (General University Hospital) departments in the years 2009, 2012 and 2015. 3. To study the dynamics of the number of examined PCT in the years 2001- 2016. Methods: The levels of CRP and PCT were measured in the ÚLBLD laboratory of the General University Hospital in Prague in the period from May 20to June 17, 2016. The CRP was measured by immunoturbidimetricanalyzerUnicelDxC 880i. The PCT was measured by theCobas analyser using the electrochemiluminescence technology. In order to evaluate the data, graphs were processed with levels of bothanalytesfor 3 patients. Further, data needed for the evaluation of the above mentioned objectives no. 2...
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Selected Nutrients in Etiology, Prevention and Treatment of Obesity
Sedláček, Pavel ; Müllerová, Dana (advisor) ; Rajdl, Daniel (referee) ; Fiala, Zdeněk (referee)
SELECTED NUTRIENTS IN ETIOLOGY, PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF OBESITY The 21st century pandemic of obesity is given by to the obesitogenic environment that helps to develop a positive energy balance, where the energy intake of an individual chronically exceeds his energy need, ie energy expenditure. There is an increase in body weight by increased or abnormal body fat accumulation in the body. Preventing the development of obesity is aimed at achieving energy balance, in the case of existing overweight or obesity, the treatment lies in inducing and maintaining a negative energy balance for some time, ie stimulating energy expenditure and reducing energy intake. Selected diet determines not only energy intake, but its individual nutrients can also partially affect energy expenditure and fat tissue physiology. The aim of this work is to describe and experimentally verify some nutrients that could help in weight reduction and physiological function of adipose tissue. Based on the literature data, 19 active substances or mixtures were considered. A mixture of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA), eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, in a daily dose of 0.6 g, in the form of fish oil in a certified food supplement was chosen as the most suitable for the experiment. In a 12-week, three-arm, parallel...
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The influence of inflammatory cytokines on depressive disorders
Svobodová, Eva ; Bendová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Krulová, Magdaléna (referee)
1 Abstract Depressive disorders are one of the three most frequent diseases causing disability of everyday life of humans. Its occurrence in the population is rapidly increasing. Etiology of depression is unclear, and the treatment usually only ameliorates its symptoms. In patients, there were identified signs not only of chronic stress, which has been associated with depression for quite a long time, but also signs of chronic inflammation in the body. This has led to focusing on proinflammatory cytokines and their connection to chronic stress and depressive symptomatology. We are also interested in the causal link between pro-inflammatory markers and stress that has not yet been unequivocally clarified. The aim of this study is to combine the knowledge about the influence of chronic stress on the development of depressive disorder gained from animal and human models. Additionally, to combine the knowledge of the effect of specific proinflammatory cytokines on the development of the depressive disorder and the change in brain structures morphology which may underlie the symptoms of this disease.
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Procalcitonin as an early marker of bacterial infection
Mikulová, Lenka ; Beránek, Martin (advisor) ; Drastíková, Monika (referee)
Introduction: Procalcitonin (PCT) is a 13 kD protein with a chain of 116 amino acids. It consists of parafollicularcells of the thyroid gland. Inflammatory procalcitonin is made up of 114 amino acids. Procalcitonin from plasma in the course of inflammatory process, does not consistof C-cells of the thyroid gland but it is generatedin the liver, and, to a lesser extent, in the lungs, kidneys, testes, prostate and small intestine. Objectives: 1. To compare the levels and the dynamics of C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin in the inflammatory process. in three patients with different diagnoses. To compare the number of examined PCT according to indicated VFN (General University Hospital) departments in the years 2009, 2012 and 2015. 3. To study the dynamics of the number of examined PCT in the years 2001- 2016. Methods: The levels of CRP and PCT were measured in the ÚLBLD laboratory of the General University Hospital in Prague in the period from May 20to June 17, 2016. The CRP was measured by immunoturbidimetricanalyzerUnicelDxC 880i. The PCT was measured by theCobas analyser using the electrochemiluminescence technology. In order to evaluate the data, graphs were processed with levels of bothanalytesfor 3 patients. Further, data needed for the evaluation of the above mentioned objectives no. 2...
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Regulation of Novel cytokines in Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases
Yadollahi, Benjamin ; Šenolt, Ladislav (advisor) ; Krulová, Magdaléna (referee)
A large number of cytokines are expressed in the feet and hands joints of patients with Rheumatoid arthritis. It is necessary to study the new cytokines which may help in prognosis and diagnosis of this autoimmune disease. Omentin1 and Interleukin 20 are the new cytokines and their expressions may have a role in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines; IL-1, IL-6 and TNF, in different cell tissues such as synovial fibroblasts, chondrocytes, peripheral blood mononuclear cells and, sera. It is conceivable that these biomarkers may be used in biological therapies.
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