|
|
Use of glottalization as a factor enabling speaker identification
Skákal, Ladislav ; Skarnitzl, Radek (advisor) ; Bořil, Tomáš (referee)
While handling the task of speaker identification, forensic phoneticians use a combination of various parameters contained in different levels of speech signal. The main aim of the present thesis is to explore whether glottalization in Czech may be considered as a potentially useful parameter in this sense. In our research, we focus on the rate of prevocalic glottalization at word boundaries and we distinguish between different realisations of glottalization: canonical glottal stop and its hypoarticulated form - creaky voice. The studied material consists of repeated recordings of three male and four female speakers and contains both read text and spontaneous speech. The results do not indicate that the same speaker would use glottalization differently in the first and second recording, but a difference in glottalization is found between speakers. From the forensic phonetics point of view, this finding seems to be useful. Marginally, some other factors which are not directly connected with the speaker (height of following vowel, lexical factors and speech rate) were examined, but no influence on glottalization was found. Keywords: glottal stop, glottalization, forensic phonetics, speaker identification
|
|
|
Spanish vowels in Czech students' interlanguage
Černikovská, Štěpánka ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Zajícová, Lenka (referee) ; Skarnitzl, Radek (referee)
(English) The dissertation explores the vowel system of Czech L3 Spanish, focusing on three facets of its architecture: vowel quality (following SLM by Flege 1995, 1999, 2003), vowel quantity and vocalic sequences between words. Preliminary studies (Čechová 2013, 2014) suggest that there might be some evidence for the Mechanism of Equivalence in Czech L3 Spanish, since the vowel spaces of both languages consist of the same categories, with different phonetic realizations. Hence, the more similar the sounds are, the harder it is to capture the relevant difference, necessary to attain native-like pronunciation. Vowel quantity, being traditionally associated with the phonological feature of length in Czech (Palková 1994), is not present in Spanish, and compensating for that property, some Czech speakers tend to pronounce accented syllables with extraordinarily longer durations. Finally, vowel sequences in Spanish are usually subjetct to resyllabification, whereas Czech prefers glottalization to keep morphemes of words separated. These predictions were tested in 22 university Czech students with advanced level of Spanish (C1-C1). Subsequent analysis revealed consistent inclination towards L1 in terms of vowel quality, in less extent in vowel quantity, and although the prevalecent strategy for majority...
|
|
|
Spanish vowels in Czech students' interlanguage
Černikovská, Štěpánka ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Zajícová, Lenka (referee) ; Skarnitzl, Radek (referee)
(English) The dissertation explores the vowel system of Czech L3 Spanish, focusing on three facets of its architecture: vowel quality (following SLM by Flege 1995, 1999, 2003), vowel quantity and vocalic sequences between words. Preliminary studies (Čechová 2013, 2014) suggest that there might be some evidence for the Mechanism of Equivalence in Czech L3 Spanish, since the vowel spaces of both languages consist of the same categories, with different phonetic realizations. Hence, the more similar the sounds are, the harder it is to capture the relevant difference, necessary to attain native-like pronunciation. Vowel quantity, being traditionally associated with the phonological feature of length in Czech (Palková 1994), is not present in Spanish, and compensating for that property, some Czech speakers tend to pronounce accented syllables with extraordinarily longer durations. Finally, vowel sequences in Spanish are usually subjetct to resyllabification, whereas Czech prefers glottalization to keep morphemes of words separated. These predictions were tested in 22 university Czech students with advanced level of Spanish (C1-C1). Subsequent analysis revealed consistent inclination towards L1 in terms of vowel quality, in less extent in vowel quantity, and although the prevalecent strategy for majority...
|
|
|
Glottalization in the combination with non-syllabic prepositions in the Czech speech of Russian speakers
Tolkunova, Yana ; Veroňková, Jitka (advisor) ; Confortiová, Helena (referee)
Glottalization, as significant irregularity of glottal pulsing, fulfils a number of linguistic functions and can occur in various contexts. This paper examines the rate of vowel-related glottalization of non-syllabic prepositions when native Russian speakers read Czech speech. In Czech, just like in other languages there is a relatively high frequency of glottalization. The purpose of this study is to examine the factors that could influence it. The speakers produced a short read text which contained 59 potential neslabičné prepositions where glottalization could occur in standard pronunciation. The basic set of the perceptual analysis and statistical processing consisted of 582 items. The rate of glottalization in individual speakers ranged from 0 % to 90 % , where the average volume is regulary based at 49 %. Statistical significance of differences in the frequency of the analyzed groups created on the basis of monitored aspects were calculated using the chi-square test.
|
|
|
Use of glottalization as a factor enabling speaker identification
Skákal, Ladislav ; Skarnitzl, Radek (advisor) ; Bořil, Tomáš (referee)
While handling the task of speaker identification, forensic phoneticians use a combination of various parameters contained in different levels of speech signal. The main aim of the present thesis is to explore whether glottalization in Czech may be considered as a potentially useful parameter in this sense. In our research, we focus on the rate of prevocalic glottalization at word boundaries and we distinguish between different realisations of glottalization: canonical glottal stop and its hypoarticulated form - creaky voice. The studied material consists of repeated recordings of three male and four female speakers and contains both read text and spontaneous speech. The results do not indicate that the same speaker would use glottalization differently in the first and second recording, but a difference in glottalization is found between speakers. From the forensic phonetics point of view, this finding seems to be useful. Marginally, some other factors which are not directly connected with the speaker (height of following vowel, lexical factors and speech rate) were examined, but no influence on glottalization was found. Keywords: glottal stop, glottalization, forensic phonetics, speaker identification
|
|
|
The use of the glottal stop in native and non-native speakers of French
Skákal, Ladislav ; Duběda, Tomáš (advisor) ; Chodaková, Polina (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to describe the involvement of the glottal stop in the system of French language. Despite the fact that the use of this segment isn't as noticeable as it is in some other languages (e.g. in Czech), it would be erroneous to suppose that the French link all the words one after another. The thesis is focused on the undertaken research which was based on the analysis of the real use of the glottal stop in read speech. Two basic forms of the realisation of the glottal stop are distinguished: canonical glottal stop and creaky voice. In the research, we use recordings of both native (8) and non-native speakers - students of French philology (17). Moreover, the non-native speakers were recorded repeatedly (usually in the first and in the third grade), so the progress in pronunciation during this period of the study can be observed. The real presence of the glottal stop seems to be influenced by many various factors. Those probably include phonetic factors (especially prosodic ones: junctures, emphasis) as well as semantic and syntactic factors.
|
|
|
Relationship between the strength of foreign accent and the presence of glottalization
Moravcová, Jana ; Skarnitzl, Radek (advisor) ; Weingartová, Lenka (referee)
In this paper, we are interested in what the part of glottalization is in a foreign accent. We focus on Czech speakers of English and an evaluation of their utterances. Those speakers analyzed for the purposes of this paper were evaluated in advance by a perceptual test. In accordance with the results of the test, they were divided into three groups: A, containing those speakers with an English close to the native standard; C, containing speakers with a strong Czech accent; and B, containing speakers with a detectable foreign accent which, however, is not evaluated as a Czech one. The aim of this paper is to determine in what way speakers of each group use glottalization and whether the use is identical to the assumptions of the previous studies.
|
guest ::
