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Using tests with destruents for ecotoxicological evaluation of soil quality
Rábová, Petra ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
The aim of this diploma thesis was to determine the dehydrogenase activity of matrix samples that can enter the environment and the use of ecotoxicological tests to assess the quality of the affected soil. The effects of sludge, biochar samples, two landfill samples and a sediment sample were monitored. Ecotoxicology included tests on decomposers - tests of avoidance behavior (Eisenia fetida and Folsomia candida), acute, chronic and reproductive toxicity tests (Eisenia fetida) and Lactuca sativa root growth inhibition tests. The results indicate that dehydrogenase activity assays serve as a suitable complement to ecotoxicological tests. They provide valuable additional information on soil quality and sample effect after application to soil. The sediment sample had the least favorable effect on the activity of the enzyme and the vitality of the organisms, both in the determination of dehydrogenase activity and in ecotoxicological tests. Furthermore, it was found that biochar as a product of sewage sludge treatment is less toxic to organisms than the original sludge.
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Influence of advanced oxidative processess on ecotoxicity of pesticides
Goma, Bernadette ; Procházková, Petra (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
The topic of this bachelor thesis is a study of the influence of advanced oxidation processes on the ecotoxicity of pesticides Metazachlor and Chloridazon. Both herbicides are commonly used to protect crops such as oilseed rape, turnips, chard or fodder beet against whole range of undesirable monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. Application is most often on large areas and therefore pose a high risk to the quality of the environment. The possible influence on the representatives of producers and consumers of the aquatic ecosystem was monitored in the work. Solutions of pesticides, which were subjected to selected methods of treatment using advanced oxidation processes, were tested on aquatic organisms, specifically on crustaceans Daphnia magna and aquatic plant Lemna minor. From the results of individual tests, the ecotoxicological values of EC50 and IC50 were calculated and their ecotoxicity and thus the efficiency of oxidation processes in the removal of pollutants from wastewater were compared.
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Ecotoxicological Evaluation of Industrial Waste Materials and Anorganic Composites Containing Waste Materials
Pavlitová Letková, Zuzana ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Pulkrabová,, Jana (referee) ; Beklová, Miroslava (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This work sums up results of tests of ecotoxicity that were made on different kind of industrial waste materials like classical ash, fluid and fly ash, slags as well as anorganic composites containing waste materials. Composites might be used for building materials in the future. Ecotoxicological tests were used for evaluation of ecotoxicity, represented by 4 trophic levels, with several bioindicators evaluated at different exposure time periods. The battery of classical tests includes a growth inhibition test of the freshwater alga Raphidocellis subcapitata, an immobilization test of the cladoceran Daphnia magna and freshwater fish Poecilia reticulata and a test of inhibitive effects on the root growth of white mustards Sinapis alba. Tests with enchytraeidae, collembolan and lettuce were chosen from group of contact tests. It was realized confrontation between classical test with seeds of mustard and contact tests with seeds of lettuce. Results of ecotoxicity tests were determination of percentage of mortality, immobilization, stimulation or inhibition of growth for testing organisms. It was made comparison of results individual ecotixicity tests. Results of classical aquatic tests were compared with contact tests realized in artificial ground.
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Ecotoxicological evaluation of selected plastics
Demová, Kristína ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
The presented bachelor thesis deals with the issue of plastics in the environment and their ecotoxicological evaluation. This topic is currently being brought to the fore due to the development of new, more easily degradable plastics. This is intended to be a solution to the current environmental problem. That is why the aim of this work was to verify the assumption of ecological safety of such plastics. The experimental part focuses on one selected biodegradable plastic - polyhydroxybutyrate, which was evaluated using acute and chronic toxicity tests. The tests were performed in an aquatic arrangement to predict the effect on the aquatic ecosystem. Two organisms were chosen from its representatives, the crustacean Daphnia magna and the plant Lemna minor. The chronic test on the organism Daphnia magna shows the greatest results, which indicates the negative effects of the selected plastic on the tested organism.
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Ecotoxicity of Firefighting foam
Belisová, Mária ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with ecotoxicity of selected fire extinguishing agents concentrated on surface-active agents (surfactants) contained in foam fire extinguishers. Tested substances were solid humectants TS TURBO and TS ECO. In this bachelor thesis the ecotoxicological effects were assessed through aquatic ecotoxicity tests with an aquatic plant Lemna minor and a crustacean Thamnocephalus platyurus. They are fresh-water organisms on which the water contamination can be quickly and quite easily assessed. Also these fire extinguishers were tested for acute ecotoxicity of soil organisms by ecotoxicological contact tests with Eisenia fetida and seeds of Lactuca sativa. Finally, the biodegradation of both fire extinguishing agents was tested, observing the change between 24 hour exposition and one month exposition of tested agents. The change of toxicity was tested with Thamnocephalus platyurus. Based on experimental results of extinguishing agents the value of LC50 and IC50 was calculated and the ecotoxicity was compared.
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Ecotoxicological evaluation of selected plastics
Demová, Kristína ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
The presented bachelor thesis deals with the issue of plastics in the environment and their ecotoxicological evaluation. This topic is currently being brought to the fore due to the development of new, more easily degradable plastics. This is intended to be a solution to the current environmental problem. That is why the aim of this work was to verify the assumption of ecological safety of such plastics. The experimental part focuses on one selected biodegradable plastic - polyhydroxybutyrate, which was evaluated using acute and chronic toxicity tests. The tests were performed in an aquatic arrangement to predict the effect on the aquatic ecosystem. Two organisms were chosen from its representatives, the crustacean Daphnia magna and the plant Lemna minor. The chronic test on the organism Daphnia magna shows the greatest results, which indicates the negative effects of the selected plastic on the tested organism.
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Toxicity and environmental fate of nanoscale zerovalent iron
Semerád, Jaroslav
Nowadays, nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) is a nanomaterial commonly used in remediation practice. Although worldwide applications of nZVI have shown its effectiveness in degradation and immobilization of a wide range of organic and inorganic pollutants, potential negative effects of nZVI on exposed organisms have not been sufficiently explored. To avoid possible environmental risks, understanding of the mechanism of nZVI toxicity and its overall effects on microbial populations indigenous to remediation sites is needed. The presented thesis summarizes current knowledge of nZVI toxicity, and, moreover, deals with the development and application of a new test for in vitro evaluation of acute toxicity caused by newly developed nZVI-based materials. Additionally, in this thesis, the risk associated with changes in the toxicity of the aforementioned materials during the aging process was examined. In the last part, the effect of several nZVI-based materials on microbial communities of a real contaminated soil was monitored and evaluated using artificial microcosms. In addition, in this part, the potential of nZVI and its derived materials in combination with a biostimulation step during nanobioremediation is outlined.
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Influence of advanced oxidative processess on ecotoxicity of pesticides
Goma, Bernadette ; Procházková, Petra (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
The topic of this bachelor thesis is a study of the influence of advanced oxidation processes on the ecotoxicity of pesticides Metazachlor and Chloridazon. Both herbicides are commonly used to protect crops such as oilseed rape, turnips, chard or fodder beet against whole range of undesirable monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. Application is most often on large areas and therefore pose a high risk to the quality of the environment. The possible influence on the representatives of producers and consumers of the aquatic ecosystem was monitored in the work. Solutions of pesticides, which were subjected to selected methods of treatment using advanced oxidation processes, were tested on aquatic organisms, specifically on crustaceans Daphnia magna and aquatic plant Lemna minor. From the results of individual tests, the ecotoxicological values of EC50 and IC50 were calculated and their ecotoxicity and thus the efficiency of oxidation processes in the removal of pollutants from wastewater were compared.
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Using tests with destruents for ecotoxicological evaluation of soil quality
Rábová, Petra ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
The aim of this diploma thesis was to determine the dehydrogenase activity of matrix samples that can enter the environment and the use of ecotoxicological tests to assess the quality of the affected soil. The effects of sludge, biochar samples, two landfill samples and a sediment sample were monitored. Ecotoxicology included tests on decomposers - tests of avoidance behavior (Eisenia fetida and Folsomia candida), acute, chronic and reproductive toxicity tests (Eisenia fetida) and Lactuca sativa root growth inhibition tests. The results indicate that dehydrogenase activity assays serve as a suitable complement to ecotoxicological tests. They provide valuable additional information on soil quality and sample effect after application to soil. The sediment sample had the least favorable effect on the activity of the enzyme and the vitality of the organisms, both in the determination of dehydrogenase activity and in ecotoxicological tests. Furthermore, it was found that biochar as a product of sewage sludge treatment is less toxic to organisms than the original sludge.
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Toxicity and environmental fate of nanoscale zerovalent iron
Semerád, Jaroslav
Nowadays, nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) is a nanomaterial commonly used in remediation practice. Although worldwide applications of nZVI have shown its effectiveness in degradation and immobilization of a wide range of organic and inorganic pollutants, potential negative effects of nZVI on exposed organisms have not been sufficiently explored. To avoid possible environmental risks, understanding of the mechanism of nZVI toxicity and its overall effects on microbial populations indigenous to remediation sites is needed. The presented thesis summarizes current knowledge of nZVI toxicity, and, moreover, deals with the development and application of a new test for in vitro evaluation of acute toxicity caused by newly developed nZVI-based materials. Additionally, in this thesis, the risk associated with changes in the toxicity of the aforementioned materials during the aging process was examined. In the last part, the effect of several nZVI-based materials on microbial communities of a real contaminated soil was monitored and evaluated using artificial microcosms. In addition, in this part, the potential of nZVI and its derived materials in combination with a biostimulation step during nanobioremediation is outlined.
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