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The quality of eggs - general, functional and nutritional properties
PECH, Miloslav
This bachelor's thesis, processed in the form of a literary review, focuses on a comprehensive view of hen's eggs, analyzing their general, functional, and nutritional properties. After the introduction, a literary review follows, mapping the biological origin and domestication of the chicken, and then summarizing the current state of chicken farming. The thesis then delves into the formation and development of eggs, examining the structure and chemical composition of the yolk and albumen, including their proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, pigments, vitamins, and minerals. The physicochemical properties of eggs are also analyzed, including a total of seven properties such as specific gravity, freezing point, or refractive index. A detailed examination of the functional properties of eggs follows, which represent a key element in understanding their wide use in the food and culinary industries. The thesis focuses on analyzing the mechanisms through which hen's eggs can form gels, foams, and emulsions, which are properties that play an important role in various food processes and recipes. These properties are essential for the production of various foods, such as gelatin desserts, leavened doughs in baking, sauces, and mayonnaises. Eggs are also recognized as functional food because they are a rich source of nutrients, including vitamins, minerals, and biologically active substances that can contribute to overall health. These substances can, for example, help reduce the risk of heart disease and improve eye health. In the next section, the thesis focuses on the nutritional properties of eggs, examining microbial contamination, egg allergies, and biologically active substances such as choline, immunoglobulin Y (IgY), and lutein and their impact on human health. An overview of this section provides a deeper understanding of hen's eggs and their influence on human nutrition and health.
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Characterization of some super-foods as components of smoothie drinks
Prachárová, Adriana ; Vysoká, Marie (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with properties of selected fruits and seeds of superfoods, the introduction of their biologically active substances and comparison of their nutritional properties. The theoretical part focuses on characterizing the fruit itself (pineapple, banana, blueberry, kiwi, raspberry and orange) and seeds (chia seeds, poppy seeds and almonds). It is focused on characterization of bioactive substances contained in them, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, antioxidant activity, vitamin C, vitamin E and fatty acids. Further, used methods are described. In the experimental part, the content of the antioxidant activity and biological effects in selected fruits and seeds was measured and concentrations was calculated per 1 g of dry matter. Finally, a sensory analysis consisting of eighteen fruit and seed combinations is introduced. The aim of the thesis was to find out which of tested combinations are nutritionally high and, simultaneously, acceptable for consumer.
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Biologicky významné látky v bylinných čajích u čeledi hvězdnicovité
Stejskalová, Lenka
The importance of herbs and herbal teas is a frequently researched topic due to the content of biologically active substances. Plant material is a source of a large number of diverse components, which are proven to have a beneficial effect on the human organism. These substances are able to help in the prevention and possibly treatment of some human diseases. To fully understand the function of individual plants, it is necessary to know the content of individual groups of biologically active substances. The first part of this master's thesis named Biologically Important Substances in Herbal Teas of the Family Asteraceae escribes and defines herbal teas and organic farming. It also describes the Asteraceae family and focuses more specifically on selected species within this family, including marigold (Calendula officinalis), chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara L.) and coneflower (Echinacea purpurea). The consumption of herbal teas is currently high and still growing, therefore it is necessary to know the composition of the used plants. Representatives were chosen for their popularity and abundant use in the preparation of herbal teas. For each representative, there is a short botanical description and description of the contained substances. In the next chapter of the theoretical part, phenolic substances, their determination and effect on human health are presented. The group of flavonoids, which is a subgroup of phenolic substances, is described in more detail. The last section of the theoretical part explains the concepts of antioxidants, free radicals and methods of determining antioxidant activity. These groups were selected for measurement because they are substances showing effect on human health. In the practical part of this work, the total content of polyphenols, the total content of flavonoids and the total antioxidant capacity are determined in selected species. All these groups are determined spectrophotometrically. The essence of this work was to find out whether the content of these compounds in the same in samples from different productions. For each representative, one sample originating from organic farming (known as “BIO“) and one sample originating from conventional agriculture are examined. These two samples were statistically compared.
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Aplication of separation methods for determination of biologically active substances
Bílková, Aneta ; Sklenářová, Hana (advisor) ; Česla, Petr (referee) ; Solich, Petr (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Analytical Chemistry Candidate: RNDr. Aneta Bílková Supervisor: assoc. prof. PharmDr. Hana Sklenářová, Ph.D. Consultant: assoc. prof. PharmDr. Petr Chocholouš, Ph.D. Title: Application of separation methods for determination of biologically active substances The submitted dissertation thesis presents an annotated set of three publications, focusing on the application of separation methods for the determination of biologically active phenolic substances, pesticide residues in fruits, with regard to the use of modern storage technologies, and the application result - a utility model based again on monitoring the phenolic substances content with respect to different conditions of plant material drying. In the theoretical part, the target analytes are characterized from an analytical point of view, with respect to their physico-chemical properties, stability, antioxidantion activity. It also describes sample preparation methods for the determination of biologically active phenolic substances, selected extraction procedures and an overview of the methods used for the determination of the described substances in plant material. The main part of the dissertation deals with the development, optimization and validation of a rapid...
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Antimicrobial organic nanomaterials containing extracts from microalgae and yeasts
Tushnolobova, Elizaveta ; Szotkowski, Martin (referee) ; Hoová, Julie (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the development of antimicrobial organic nanomaterials containing extracts of microalgae and yeasts. This work aims to synthesize and characterize these nanomaterials and investigate their biological effects and their potential in various applications, including medicine, food industry, industry, and environment. The basic principles of nanomaterials development are described in the thesis. Furthermore, the biological active compounds contained in microalgae and yeasts extracts and their potential in applications with antimicrobial effects are discussed. In the first experimental phase, biologically active compounds were extracted from microalgae and yeasts using extraction methods. These extracts were then used to prepare organic nanomaterials using synthetic procedures. Subsequently, these materials were characterized using various analytical techniques, including spectrophotometry. The next step was to test the biological effects of these nanomaterials. Their antimicrobial properties against various microorganisms, such as bacteria, were examined. The results of this work show that organic nanomaterials containing extracts of microalgae and yeasts have high potential as antimicrobial agents and can be used in various applications. These results can be beneficial for medical practice, the food industry, and environmental protection.
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Use of some fractions of technical hemp in cosmetics
Gregarová, Lenka ; Hudečková, Helena (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
Cannabis sativa is a versatile herb which is known for several thousand years and contains a variety of active substances. This thesis is focused on the use of some extracts of hem in cosmetics, specifically in hair cosmetics. The first part focuses on the Cannabis sativa, introducing the active contained substances and the overall processing of the plant. In the second part were experimentally determined the active substances in five extracts from different varieties, that were supplied from industry. Extracts were compared based on the extraction yield of antioxidants, chlorophylls, phenolic compounds, flavonoids and cannabinoids. Subsequently, a hair shampoo was prepared with the addition of hemp extracts and hemp hydrolysate. Lastly, the inhibitory effect against microorganisms was monitored for extracts and shampoos finally. Beneficial biologically active substances were detected in hemp extracts, wherein higher levels were measured in ethanol extracts. The extracts were also able to inhibit the growth of certain microorganisms. Satisfactory results on hair were observed with the prepared shampoo.
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Fungal secondary metabollites with antiviral activity
Besedová, Alena ; Čmoková, Adéla (advisor) ; Kolařík, Miroslav (referee)
The past year 2020 has clearly shown how quickly some viral infections can reach pandemic proportions. Thus, there is still a need to discover new substances with antiviral activity. Such substances (eg. asteltoxin E, cytosporaquinone B) have been discovered in the past in several groups of fungi, however, their potential as a source of virostatic chemotherapeutics has not been much explored. The possible use of fungi as a source of substances with antiviral activity is also indicated by the use of some species (eg. Ganoderma linghzi, Lentinula edoles) in the alleviation or prevention of viral diseases in traditional medicine. In most cases, however, it was not possible to find substances responsible for this effect. Therefore, in my bachelor's thesis I will first analyse kinds of fungi traditionally used as treatment of viral infections in traditional medicine. I will also summarize the most important fungal substances for which antiviral activity has been demonstrated. The bachelor's thesis will provide a comprehensive overview of currently known secondary metabolites of fungi and their virostatic effects. The information summarized in the work may point to possible candidates in the fight against viral infections.
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Characterization of some super-foods as components of smoothie drinks
Prachárová, Adriana ; Vysoká, Marie (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with properties of selected fruits and seeds of superfoods, the introduction of their biologically active substances and comparison of their nutritional properties. The theoretical part focuses on characterizing the fruit itself (pineapple, banana, blueberry, kiwi, raspberry and orange) and seeds (chia seeds, poppy seeds and almonds). It is focused on characterization of bioactive substances contained in them, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, antioxidant activity, vitamin C, vitamin E and fatty acids. Further, used methods are described. In the experimental part, the content of the antioxidant activity and biological effects in selected fruits and seeds was measured and concentrations was calculated per 1 g of dry matter. Finally, a sensory analysis consisting of eighteen fruit and seed combinations is introduced. The aim of the thesis was to find out which of tested combinations are nutritionally high and, simultaneously, acceptable for consumer.
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Response of animal cells to the extract, obtained from the colony matrix of Pectinatella magnifica
ŠUSTEROVÁ, Karolína
The aim of this thesis was to determine whether colonies freshwater bryozoans Pectinatella magnifica produce biologically active substances. On the basis of knowledge of the course of the growth curves of cell culture mouse fibroblasts were developed models for biological assays to determine the biological potential of substances contained in the extract of lyophilisate colonies of P. magnifica. Tests demonstrated the presence of substances with biological activity. Next part of this work was also survey the occurrence and distribution of the reference type to Vltavotýnsku, including the monitoring of basic parameters of the aquatic environment. It was explored in two years (2012 and 2013) repeated a total of 10 sites on rivers Vltava and Lužnice, the incidence was detected at 5 locations .
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