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DESTRUCTION OF JERUSALEM TEMPLE(TREATING OF THE SUBJECT IN CLASSICAL JEWISH TEXTS)
Razák, Věra ; Nosek, Bedřich (advisor) ; Holubová, Markéta (referee) ; Šafin, Ján (referee)
Destruction of Jerusalem Temple (Treating the Subject in Classic Jewish Texts) Věra Razáková This thesis focuses mainly on texts describing the Temple's very destruction, be it by the Babylonian army in 587 BC or later on by the Roman army in 70 CE. In addition, it also inspects circumstances of the conquer and the destruction of the Temple and the city of Jerusalem immediately preceded. The examined texts are (with some exceptions) the texts of classical rabbinic literature of antiquity. Although there is no doubt about how crucial the event (i. e. the demise of the Temple and the Temple Cult in Judaism) was, its image in the literature is not a massive one. Also, there are mostly individual references on a smaller scale. This is especially true of examining the causes of the destruction of the Temple and Jerusalem. Other mentions in halachic texts are similarly sketchy. Dealing with the changes forced by the extinction of the Temple, the central Temple cult, and Temple sacrificial worship. The main texts of this group are Mishna and Tosefta. The Gemara of the Babylonian (and also Jerusalem) Talmud, and in particular, some selected Midrashim are a much richer source for the subject under scrutiny. Working with Haggadic texts has brought more consistent descriptions of the destruction of the Temple...
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Jewish Law
Půlpánová, Klára ; Kosek, Jan (advisor) ; Agha, Petr (referee)
Jewish Law Abstract The diploma thesis presents the Jewish law as a juridical system. In the first part it introduces the reader to the concept of halakhah and its content. Then it places the development of the Jewish law in historical context, introducing its evolution from a historical and critical perspective as well as from a traditional halakhic perspective. The thesis divides the Jewish law into biblical and rabbinic law and also captures and further discusses the various characteristics of the Jewish law, which are multivalence, the absence of centralization, the diversity of opinions of halakhic savants and ritual law as a ubiquitous part of legal norms. It also describes the sources of halakhah and presents a selection of the most important literary sources of the Jewish law, together with a brief account of their historical development. One chapter of the thesis is also devoted to rabbinic hermeneutics. The thesis introduces three concepts of hermeneutical rules called midot. The first one is the seven rules of Hillel, the second one are the thirteen rules of Rabbi Yishmael, and the third concept is the thirty-two rules of Rabbi Eliezer. The thesis demonstrates by examples the application of these rules in the exegesis of biblical legal norms, and thereby also illustrates the concept of the Jewish...
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Jewish Fables. Berechiah ben Natronai ha-Nakdan: "Mishle Shu'alim".
Hynková, Cecílie ; Šedinová, Jiřina (advisor) ; Oliverius, Jaroslav (referee)
This thesis deals with the fable collection called Mishle Shu'alim, written by the Jewish author Berechiah ben Natronai ha-Nakdan who lived in the 12th/13th century either in France or in England. The aim of this thesis is to introduce the work along with the genre of the fable and its examples in Jewish literature of the Antiquity and the Middle Ages (Bible, Talmud, midrashic literature and a few of medieval scripts). The essential part of the thesis contains information about the author and all his works, characterization and analysis of the collection, and the list of the existing manuscripts, all known editions, and all translations of the collection or those of individual fables. Special attention is being paid to the Prague Jesuit edition of 1661. The thesis furthermore contains a commented translation of three selected fables.
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Azariah de' Rossi: Me'or 'enayim - The Significance of This Work in Jewish Historiography and Its Structure
Šedivý, Antonín ; Arava-Novotná, Lena (advisor) ; Nosek, Bedřich (referee)
1 Summary The bachelor thesis "Azariah de' Rossi: Me'or 'Enayim - The Significance of This Work in Jewish Historiography and Its Structure" deals with Azariah de' Rossi and his main work Me'or 'Enayim which was one from ten important writings of Jewish historiography emerged in 15th and 16th century. In the first part of this thesis is Azariah de' Rossi introduced as the successor of previous Jewish historiography. The second part is devoted to life and writings of Azariah de' Rossi. Azariah de' Rossi was Italian scholar born in Mantua around 1510. He lived in many Italian cities during his life but he returned to Mantua in the end where he also died. His writings include Me'or 'Enayim and some minor treatises related to it, one work on Christian Gospels in Syriac and a small number of poems, both religious and secular. The main part of this work consists of the description of the structure of Me'or 'Enayim and of the analysis of the most important topics contained in it. There are introduced thinking of Philo, treatment of non-Jewish literature, method of Talmudic rabbis in Aggadah, Jewish chronology, messianic calculations, Hebrew and Aramaic language and many other topics in this part. The conclusion includes reactions of Jewish and Christian world on Me'or 'Enayim and de' Rossi's attitude to them. Then...
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Jewish Fables. Berechiah ben Natronai ha-Nakdan "Mishle Shu'alim"
Hynková, Cecílie ; Šedinová, Jiřina (advisor)
Práce se zabývá sbírkou bajek s názvem Mišle šu'alim židovského autora Berechji ben Natronaje ha-Nakdana (12./13. století, Francie či Anglie). Text je zasazen do kontextu prostřednictvím představení žánru bajky a uvedení jeho zástupců v židovské starověké a středověké literatuře (Bibli, Talmudu, midraších a několika středověkých dílech). Stěžejní část práce obsahuje informace o autorovi a jeho dílech, charakteristiku a rozbor sbírky a přehled dochovaných rukopisů, všech známých vydání a existujících překladů sbírky či jednotlivých bajek. Zvláštní pozornost je věnována pražskému jezuitskému vydání z roku 1661. Součástí práce je i komentovaný překlad tří vybraných bajek. This thesis deals with the fable collection called Mishle Shu'alim, written by the Jewish author Berechiah ben Natronai ha-Nakdan who lived in the 12th/13th century either in France or in England. The aim of this thesis is to introduce the work along with the genre of the fable and its examples in Jewish literature of the Antiquity and the Middle Ages (Bible, Talmud, midrashic literature and a few of medieval scripts). The essential part of the thesis contains information about the author and all his works, characterization and analysis of the collection, and the list of the existing manuscripts, all known editions, and all...
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Jewish Fables. Berechiah ben Natronai ha-Nakdan: "Mishle Shu'alim".
Hynková, Cecílie ; Šedinová, Jiřina (advisor) ; Oliverius, Jaroslav (referee)
This thesis deals with the fable collection called Mishle Shu'alim, written by the Jewish author Berechiah ben Natronai ha-Nakdan who lived in the 12th/13th century either in France or in England. The aim of this thesis is to introduce the work along with the genre of the fable and its examples in Jewish literature of the Antiquity and the Middle Ages (Bible, Talmud, midrashic literature and a few of medieval scripts). The essential part of the thesis contains information about the author and all his works, characterization and analysis of the collection, and the list of the existing manuscripts, all known editions, and all translations of the collection or those of individual fables. Special attention is being paid to the Prague Jesuit edition of 1661. The thesis furthermore contains a commented translation of three selected fables.
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Jewish Fables. Berechiah ben Natronai ha-Nakdan "Mishle Shu'alim"
Hynková, Cecílie ; Šedinová, Jiřina (advisor)
Práce se zabývá sbírkou bajek s názvem Mišle šu'alim židovského autora Berechji ben Natronaje ha-Nakdana (12./13. století, Francie či Anglie). Text je zasazen do kontextu prostřednictvím představení žánru bajky a uvedení jeho zástupců v židovské starověké a středověké literatuře (Bibli, Talmudu, midraších a několika středověkých dílech). Stěžejní část práce obsahuje informace o autorovi a jeho dílech, charakteristiku a rozbor sbírky a přehled dochovaných rukopisů, všech známých vydání a existujících překladů sbírky či jednotlivých bajek. Zvláštní pozornost je věnována pražskému jezuitskému vydání z roku 1661. Součástí práce je i komentovaný překlad tří vybraných bajek. This thesis deals with the fable collection called Mishle Shu'alim, written by the Jewish author Berechiah ben Natronai ha-Nakdan who lived in the 12th/13th century either in France or in England. The aim of this thesis is to introduce the work along with the genre of the fable and its examples in Jewish literature of the Antiquity and the Middle Ages (Bible, Talmud, midrashic literature and a few of medieval scripts). The essential part of the thesis contains information about the author and all his works, characterization and analysis of the collection, and the list of the existing manuscripts, all known editions, and all...
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Azariah de' Rossi: Me'or 'enayim - The Significance of This Work in Jewish Historiography and Its Structure
Šedivý, Antonín ; Arava-Novotná, Lena (advisor) ; Nosek, Bedřich (referee)
1 Summary The bachelor thesis "Azariah de' Rossi: Me'or 'Enayim - The Significance of This Work in Jewish Historiography and Its Structure" deals with Azariah de' Rossi and his main work Me'or 'Enayim which was one from ten important writings of Jewish historiography emerged in 15th and 16th century. In the first part of this thesis is Azariah de' Rossi introduced as the successor of previous Jewish historiography. The second part is devoted to life and writings of Azariah de' Rossi. Azariah de' Rossi was Italian scholar born in Mantua around 1510. He lived in many Italian cities during his life but he returned to Mantua in the end where he also died. His writings include Me'or 'Enayim and some minor treatises related to it, one work on Christian Gospels in Syriac and a small number of poems, both religious and secular. The main part of this work consists of the description of the structure of Me'or 'Enayim and of the analysis of the most important topics contained in it. There are introduced thinking of Philo, treatment of non-Jewish literature, method of Talmudic rabbis in Aggadah, Jewish chronology, messianic calculations, Hebrew and Aramaic language and many other topics in this part. The conclusion includes reactions of Jewish and Christian world on Me'or 'Enayim and de' Rossi's attitude to them. Then...
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Historical view of charity and charity activities of Jewish people in Bohemia until 1914
VOJTÍŠEK, Roman
The thesis deals with the history of charity itself and charity of Jewish people in Bohemia from their approach until 1914. The first chapter describes the approach in a longer historical context from the very beginning through the Middle Ages to the Early modern period, and the laws and regulations which influenced their lives. The second chapter defines interrelation of the Jewish religion and the provision of charity. Activities of the clubs and individuals in terms of maintaining and building synagogues together with providing charity are presented in the third chapter. It shows the main activities and approaches of individual clubs, associations and people to social problem solving. The chapter also introduces clubs that are relatively unknown and explains their activities. The fourth chapter entirely focuses on the description and activity of the club of Chevra Kadisha. It describes the origins and contents of its activity and it also deals with the dignity of the act during funerals and activities associated with it.
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The Social activities of Jewish Community of Prague
KAŠPAROVÁ, Jana
The work deals with the specifics and religious solutions of social activities of the Jewish community in Prague. The first part briefly describes the written and oral sources of Judaism with an emphasis on social and charitable activities contained in the texts. In the second part there are described characteristics and history of the Jewish community in Prague, the third chapter deals with social activities themselves engaged in various social facilities under the community administration. The last part is dedicated to the specifics identified in social services and their superiority compared to the other social organizations. All social facilities are kept in accordance with the laws on social services, but their quality, in particular their focus on victims of the Shoah, surpass the level non-Jewish social facilities services.
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