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The Cross in Changing of Times and its Significance in Ancient Society
Roule, Radek ; Lášek, Jan Blahoslav (advisor) ; Weis, Martin (referee) ; Royt, Jan (referee)
The Cross in Changing of Times and its Significance in Ancient Society The cross is the most widespread symbol appearing worldwide right from the prehistoric times. Though being formed of a very simple shape of two intersecting lines the significance is far reaching. This dissertation looks at the cross both as a sign pointing beyond itself and concentrates on the diversity of its visual appearance. It tries to trace back the possible factors preceding Antiquity influencing the formation of the actual shape in that particular period of history. Although for most part the cross is understood in its connection with the Crucifixion of Christ its history is far more complex beginning in pre-Christian era. The biblical texts present more or less mere allusions of the cross itself. Seen typologically the cross may be understood as the element connecting both Old and New Testament creating a sort of a bridge between them. The careful analysis of the Early Christian documents brings several terms used for the same reality. The most significant are - σταυρός with the Latin equivalent crux and ξύλου (wood) with the Latin equivalent lignum. Later on these give a way to a more general term of σημεῖον (sign) and finally to a symbolic expression "σύμβολον σωτηρίας" (sign-symbol of salvation). The early Christian writers...
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The status and role of women in early christian communities as a paradigm for today
Kožená, Eva ; Lukeš, Jiří (advisor) ; Bravená, Noemi (referee)
1 Abstract This thesis analyses the status and role of women in early Christian communities through the prism of Old Testament, New Testament texts, ancient novels, and apocryphal acts. The thesis uses comparative literary analysis to examine how women were portrayed in religious texts and what roles were assigned to them in the context of the social, religious, and political structures of the time. The aim of the thesis is to reveal how religious texts influenced the perception of women and what impact these stories, literary genres, and characters had on the actual position of women in society. The research highlights the differences between the portrayal of women in the Gospels and the apocryphal texts, emphasizing the polyvalence of the texts and the different interpretations of female characters in different cultural and historical contexts. The findings show that although women were often portrayed in subordinate or passive roles, there are significant examples where women took on active and leadership roles, suggesting more complex social dynamics than traditionally presented. The thesis also highlights the importance of intertextuality and lite-rational techniques in understanding historical texts. This work contributes to a better understanding of the social and religious aspects of early...
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Jewellery as an art object.
MAKOVCOVÁ, Monika
This bachelor's thesis deals with a topic from the field of jewelry, which constitutes an integral aspect of human cultural history. The theoretical part of the work discusses jewelry, its functions and types, and also maps the development of jewelry in the period of ancient cultures. The practical part documents the process of crafting original porcelain jewelry, drawing loose inspiration from organic motifs and the cultural heritage of ancient Egypt.
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Solanič, Dmitrij ; Maršálek, Jakub (advisor) ; Zádrapa, Lukáš (referee)
The aim of this bachelor's work is to describe the origins of proto-stoneware in the chinese bronze age. This work includes a summary of past approachestaken concerning proto-stoneware and puts forward a proposition for unification of current terminology. Following an introduction to proto-stoneware as a medium used in production of pottery and an introduction to the localities where such pottery has been unearthed, a detailed description of such pottery is provided. In pursuit of this course there is a an emphasis constantly being put onthe broadercultural context and on inspiration being drawn from forms used when working with some other materials.In the conclusion to this work, with respect to the previous analyses and findings, the author offers his standpointconcerning origins of northern proto-stoneware, that being a question that stands out in every attempt in researching this material. Key words: proto-stoneware, protoporcelain, chinese bronze age, Erligang, Zhengzhou, Panlongcheng, Wucheng, Xin'gan
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Political murders and assasins in Early China
Roučka, Michal ; Maršálek, Jakub (advisor) ; Zádrapa, Lukáš (referee)
The purpose of this thesis is to describe murder attempts and personalities of assassins in Early China, mainly focusing on the most famous cases described in Shiji. Beside the description of cases, main goal of this thesis is to find out, whether there is any connection between described cases and what is the overall tone of them. Anoher goal is to compare assassins' personalities and put their characteristic into the context of historical and social changes which took place in Early China society. The conclusion summarizes opinions and results of analysis made in previous chapters and put them into the final statements. Also points out another problems bound up with this topic. Key words: China, Antiquity, methods of political struggle, assasins
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Greek and Roman reformers
Grigoryan, Hračja ; Skřejpek, Michal (advisor) ; Bělovský, Petr (referee)
The goal of this thesis on roman and greek reformers was to create a methodical summary of the most important constitutional reforms in ancient Rome and Greece. It is mostly focussed on the history of ancient Rome or Roman reformers, respectively. I call these reforms constitutional for their undoubted life-changing impact on the society as a whole - some of the reforms changed the ancient societies for the upcoming decades and even centuries, some changed them, as I believe, forever. For example a struggle between Lucius Cornelius Sulla and Gaius Marius had a far- reaching impact on Rome as too much of "unbreakable" rules were broken - which, of course, led to another and another heavy and unprecedented interventions which ultimately led to the fall of the republic and the beginning of the new, Imperial, era. Main sources of this thesis are the texts of ancient authors, such as Plutarch Suetonius and Appian, as it was one of my goals to use primary literature as much as possible.
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Divination in Early China
Kubiš, Petr ; Maršálek, Jakub (advisor) ; Zádrapa, Lukáš (referee)
This thesis deals with divination in ancient China. The first part defines the theme and method, gives criticism of the primary source and presents a brief overview of the current state of research. The second part presents divination practices before the Eastern Zhou period. The third section provides a summary of divination practices in the Eastern Zhou period, categorizes the various oracles and provides related information. The fourth part introduces persons who performed divination practices and puts them into a broader framework. In the fifth section there is a quantitative and qualitative analysis of data collected from Zuozhuan's oracale texts, which are then confrontated with the knowledge of divination from archaeological excavations of oracle's texts. The work concludes that during the Eastern Zhou period there were at least two concepts of access to divination standing side by side that are mutually intertwined - religious concept and ethical-philosophy concept. Keywords: Divination, Early China, Religion, Eastern Zhou.
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North Korean Ideologization of History (Focusing on Main Events of the 20th Century)
Šamánková, Karolína ; Löwensteinová, Miriam (advisor) ; Glomb, Vladimír (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with interpretation of modern Korean historiography, focusing on North Korean historiography of 20th century and influence of juche state ideology. The second part of the thesis introduces selected examples of revisionism of Korean history based on North Korean sources. This part focuses on the Korean ancient times until the era of Three Kingdoms, beginning of the modern era and most importantly on the interpretation of the most significant events of 20th and 21st century. The last part of the thesis introduces some aspects of contemporary revisions and trends in the interpretation of Korean history.
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History and present of classical and alternative medicine in the training of the workers in the health service
Ráczová, Věra ; Marádová, Eva (advisor) ; Kovaříková, Miroslava (referee)
The aim of the theoretical part of this bachelor thesis is to present a comparison of selected problems of the processing of medicine on one hand and the topic of health and diseases in the specific historical periods on the other hand. Besides, this thesis follows a historical development of the support the health care in the ancient and medieval periods. It conducts the survey of the causes of the illnesses, as well as their development and diversity in the selected historical periods. It points out the different approaches of people and the society in general to health and illnesses in the view of the historical background. In this context it presents a comparison of the approaches to alternative medicine and tries to find the differences of the alternative and scientific medicine. The research part of this thesis deals with the extent of the awareness of the antique legacy of the natural healing by medical workers, using the application of selected methods via questionnaire. Keywords: health, disease, Antiquity, Middle Ages, nature healing, alternative medicine, medical science, herbal therapy, physician
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