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Monitoring in neurointensive care
BAXA, Radim
Monitoring in neurointensive care is one of the important parts of caring for a patient in critical condition. Monitoring enables tracking of values and parameters continuously or intermittently over time. It evaluates the patient's current condition and draws attention to possible changes that may occur as a result of the development of a primary disability, and warns in time of the development of a secondary disability. Neuromonitoring is divided into invasive and non-invasive monitoring. The main goals of the presented work were to detect the knowledge of nurses and paramedics from the environment of the anesthesiology-resuscitation department in the field of neuromonitoring. To discover whether nurses and paramedics in the anesthesia-resuscitation department are familiar with neuromonitoring procedures. And the final goal was to find out whether the recommended procedures are followed in the framework of neuromonitoring in intensive care. The empirical part of the analysis was carried out through quantitative research using a non-standardized questionnaire. The research was conducted among nurses and paramedics who have experience with neuromonitoring in the anesthesia-resuscitation department. To the analysis were subjected 158 complete questionnaires. Based on the statistical analysis of the results, a connection was established between the respondents' highest level of education and the level of knowledge. A connection was also found between the respondents' length of experience and level of knowledge. On the contrary, the connection was not shown in the relationship between the age of the respondents and the level of knowledge.
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Implants for nervous system
Kuruc, Lukáš ; Zatloukal, Miroslav (referee) ; Sedlaříková, Marie (advisor)
This thesis deals with implants for nervous system. The first part of this thesis focuses on theoretical analysis of this issue, makes reader familiar with seriousness of spinal cord injury, its treatments options and regeneration with hydrogel implants. The second part describes experimental manufacturing of implants, testing patency and summary of their properties.
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An Educational Game in Teaching Human Nervous System
NEUBAUEROVÁ, Marcela
The bachelor's thesis aimed to create four author's didactic games for primary school pupils and their verification in practice. Two didactic games were primarily created to acquire knowledge of the topic of the human nervous system. The other two didactic games were created to consolidate knowledge of the topic of the nervous system and knowledge of the topic of the digestive, respiratory, circulatory and muscular systems. The verification of the created didactic games took place at a regular primary school, which is located in a South Bohemian town with a population of 1 to 5 thousand. The verification in practise was performed using pretest, posttest I. and posttest II.
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Adaptace centrálního nervového systému na chybění acetylcholinesterázy
Farár, Vladimír ; Mysliveček, Jaromír (advisor) ; Jakubík, Jan (referee) ; Cordero-Erausquin, Matilde (referee)
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) effectively hydrolyzes acetylcholine (ACh). The inhibition of AChE is generally lethal and mice without AChE in all tissues (AChE KO) have severe impairments. In the brain, AChE is anchored in the plasma membrane by proline-rich membrane anchor (PRiMA), while in the muscles, AChE is anchored by collagen Q (ColQ) in the basal lamina. We report here that the PRiMA KO mice, in which AChE is essentially eliminated in the brain, show very little changes in behavior despite an excess of ACh in the brain and adaptation of ACh receptors comparable to those seen in AChE KO mice. Moreover, when AChE cannot interact with ColQ and PRiMA, the phenotype resembles that of AChE KO mice, but the biochemical changes in the brain are similar to those in PRiMA KO mice. PRiMA KO mice also differ from other AChE-deficit mice strains in their responses to AChE inhibitor. Our results suggest that AChE in the peripheral tissues is the major target of AChE inhibitors and AChE absence in the peripheral tissues is the leading cause of the phenotype of AChE KO mice.
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A case report of physiotherapeutic treatment for a patient diagnosed with a post-traumatic paresis of the peroneus nerve
Ruferová, Zdeňka ; Hassmannová, Kristina (advisor) ; Bidrmanová, Hana (referee)
Title: Case report of Physiotherapeutic Treatment for a Patient Diagnosed with a posttraumatic paresis of a peroneal nerve Objectives: The aim of the thesis is to summarize existing theoretical knowledge of peripheral paresis focused on the peroneal nerve paresis. Furthermore to deliver a case report of physiotherapeutic treatment for a patient diagnosed with a post traumatic paresis of the peroneal nerve Methodology: Methods: The thesis consists of two parts.The first, general part, contains theoretical findings about the pelvic polytrauma and peroneal paresis. It also contains the most important physiotherapeutic treatment approaches and methods used to diagnose and treat peripheral paresis. The second, practical part, describes the course of treatment focused on a patient with post-traumatic peroneal paresis during my internship.. Results: The most significant results were reflected in the improvement of the quality of analytical movements, movement stereotypes and the quality of walking. There was an increase in muscle strength, partial absorption of swelling and stretching of shortened muscle groups. Keywords: rehabilitation, n. peroneus, paresis, polytrauma of pelvis, nervous system
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Effect of stress hormones on mesenchymal stem cells
Karásková, Eva ; Krulová, Magdaléna (advisor) ; Hejnová, Lucie (referee)
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells with the capacity to differentiate into cell lineages such as osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondrocytes. They maintain homeostasis in organism and contribute to wound healing and tissue regeneration. Usually, they are isolated from bone marrow or adipose tissue and they are primarily studied in regenerative medicine. Stress reaction is neurohumoral preparation for "fight or flight", that occurs in response to physical or mental stresssors. However, chronic stress has a negative impact on organism; it causes gradual exhaustion and damage in the whole body. Main hypothesis of this study is that stress hormones and neurotransmitters affect MSCs, which subsequently results in disturbed homeostasis and integrity of organism, delayed wound healing and attenuated tissue regeneration. Stress hormones influence quality and function of MSCs, especially their capabilities of differentiation, migration to wounded tissue and production of bioactive molecules. Key words: mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), catecholamines, hormones, dopamine, nervous system, stress
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Functional morphology of schistosome miracidia
Svobodová, Kateřina ; Horák, Petr (advisor) ; Bulantová, Jana (referee)
Trematodes of the family Schistosomatidae are important pathogens invading various species of birds and mammals, including man. Miracidium is the first larval stage in the complex life cycle of these parasites. The fate of the parasite depends on the ability of the larva to find, recognize and penetrate into a suitable snail host. Miracidium locates its snail host actively. Miracidium respond to environmental cues and also by recognition of specific glycoproteins produced by snails to the water environment. Free-living miracidium has limited energy reserves, so it has to find and penetrate into a suitable host as quickly as possible. Cilia serve to fast movement in the aquatic environment. The surface of the miracidium is covered with flat ciliated epidermal plates arranged in four tiers. These plates are separated from each other by epidermal ridges. The anterior end of miracidia is cone-shaped and is called apical papilla. Apical papilla is a key tool for penetration and it contains openings of penetration glands. Miracidia display a variety of sensory receptors which help miracidium in orientation. However, there is not much known about miracidial receptor function. Miracidial morphology can serve as a suitable characteristic for schistosome species identification. The thesis summarizes the...
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Nervous system and cognitive abilities of gallinaceous birds
Zhang, Yicheng ; Němec, Pavel (advisor) ; Landová, Eva (referee)
2. Abstract Avian brain has traditionally been looked upon as a small, simple and almost entirely composed of basal ganglia and subserving exclusively instinctive behavior. In stark contrast to these obsolete notions, recent evidence demonstrates that, despite a lack of layered neocortex, extensive regions of the avian cerebrum are homologous to pallial components of the mammalian brain, conform to the same organizational principles and play similar roles in higher cognitive functions. Indeed, behavioural studies have shown that some birds have cognitive abilities that match or surpass those of mammals, most notably corvids and parrots rivalling the great apes in many cognitive domains. While these highly encephalized birds are often utilized as models in behavioural studies addressing avian cognitive capacities, less encephalized birds receive only scant attention. The gallinaceous birds (Galliformes), which together with the anseriform birds (Anseriformes) represent a sister group of Neoaves and the most basal clade of Neognathae, possess relatively small brains. Their cerebrotype is characterized by small forebrain, small nidopallium and large brain stem. Brain of gallinaceous birds is significantly lateralized. Brains of domesticated galliforms are significantly reduced in comparison to brain of their...
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Early embryonal development and morphogenesis of selected organ systems of the rediae and cercariae of Fascioloides magna.
Pankrác, Jan ; Kašný, Martin (advisor) ; Macůrková, Marie (referee)
Fascioloides magna (giant liver fluke) is a digenetic trematode with two-host life cycle and high veterinary importancy. Typical definitive host is a deer (Cervidae), but many other species from different families can be accidentally infected, for example sheep, goat or cattle. Very important role in the life cycle of F. magna has the first host - fresh water snail of the family Lymnaeidae. Three different life stages of F. magna, two of them with ability of reproduction - sporocysts and rediae develop in the body of snail. The third stage - cercaria is produced by rediae. Cercariae are able to escape from the snail, encyst and become infective for the definitive host. Since the second half of the 19th century many researchers studied the development of particular stages in the first intermediate host, but many characteristics of this process are still not fully understood. This thesis should reveal some of unanswered questions concerning to the reproduction and ontogenetic development of trematodes, which is presented on the examples of three organ systems - muscles, nerves and excretory system of rediae and cercariae of F. magna.
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