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Impacts of illegal trade in endangered animal and plant species in terms of environmental safety
Čonková-Skybová, Izabela ; Chaloupková, Ilona (referee) ; Adamec, Vladimír (advisor)
This thesis focuses on the issue of illegal trade in endangered species and its impact on environmental security. In the first part of the work, illegal trade in endangered species is described, where the issue of endangered species, the extent of illegal trade, the most common causes, and consequences of illegal trade in endangered wild animals and plants are clarified in individual chapters. Subsequently, in the practical part, the practical aspect of this issue is analyzed, and the observance of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) by the Slovak Republic is analyzed. The analysis deals with a comparison of Slovak legislation with the legislation of other countries, the capacity and equipment of relevant state administration bodies. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of Slovakia in the field of illegal trade in endangered wild animals and plants are summarized. In response to the weaknesses, the work proposes a few measures that Slovakia should implement for more effective implementation of the CITES Convention.
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Risk assessment and its impact on the environment in terms of environmental safety
Skálová, Marcela ; Lukášková,, Eva (referee) ; Adamec, Vladimír (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the environmental protection. In the primary phase are described risks, which have impact on environment. Because is in this thesis placed emphasis on the environmental security, the term environmental security is here defined and furthermore is also described its content. Described risks and problems is possible to solve due to environmental policy. This term includes also Concept of environmental policy, which is analysed with the vision for 2020. The second main part of this diploma thesis consists of author’s own proposals about the environmental protection. Here is pointed out the necessity to create an objective legislation and good conditions for environmental education.
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Environmental security of the Russian Federation in the context of climate change
Samyltyrova, Madina ; Jelen, Libor (advisor) ; Frantál, Bohumil (referee)
The thesis examines the concept of environmental security in Russia from the perspectives of politics and law, the academic sphere, business entities, and media. The theoretical basis was built on the works of authors who contributed to expanding the security concept regarding environmental threats. The practical part consists of discourse, content, and thematic analysis. It was found that the concept of environmental security in Russia is currently under development and encompasses not only ecological but also political and economic aspects. The scientific community plays a key role in incorporating new threats into the concept of environmental security. While the government of the Russian Federation and the business sector acknowledge the importance of environmental security, their roles are somewhat limited. International standards and commitments in the field of climate change are crucial for the state and business entities. However, the state does not provide significant assistance to companies in this regard. The government responds well to events such as accidents or pollution resulting from private sector activities. However, the elimination of negative impacts on the environment does not always occur. Presumably, some companies operating within significant sectors in Russia can communicate...
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UN Security Council and Environmental Threats
Škop, Martin ; Bruner, Tomáš (advisor) ; Karlas, Jan (referee)
This thesis examines the securitization of climate change within the UN Security Council. The aim of the thesis was to answer the question of how the permanent members of the Council securitise or desecuritise climate threats, or what characterises their speech act. The assessment was based on a content analysis that coded all the statements made by the permanent members of the Council in the general discussion on climate change and its security implications. The thesis thus provides an overview of the specific elements that fulfill the securitization move and emergency measures as well as other elements that are typical for the actors. The thesis compares these with the assumptions arising from the Copenhagen School theory of securitization and interprets their consistency or inconsistency. In addition, the concept of "climatisation" is used, which allows for a different, often more useful perspective on the topic. From the perspective of this concept, it has been confirmed that many actors are characterized by attempts to integrate climate policies and objectives into various security spheres such as UN missions, development policy or conflict prevention policy. The content analysis to all the above conclusions allows to provide a body of evidence, which is an annex to the present thesis,...
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Revising water weaponization: When the water taboo gets broken?
Pohnerová, Eliška ; Ludvík, Jan (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
Pohnerová, Eliška; 2022 Diploma Thesis: Revising Water Weaponization: When the Water Taboo Gets Broken? Abstract The Master's Thesis named "Revising Water Weaponization: When the Water Taboo Gets Broken?" focuses on cases of water weaponization (WW) defined as breaches of normative prohibitions to misuse water either as a weapon or casualty. The topic aims to explain why we are witnessing WW by states despite the fact that it is forbidden, and sometimes even rejected with the words "water taboo". The Explanatory Sequential Method is used to combine both quantitative and qualitative research that build on further modified Pacific Institute dataset. The Latent Inductive Thematic Analysis is consequently applied to allow the researcher to come up with labels and themes generalizing the revised data into conclusive groups. The result is five contexts when states opt for WW and four groups of reasons why states opt for WW. As Water Taboo designation is by such research refuted, the thesis prefers a simpler one: Water Weaponization normative prohibition. Apart from the taboo appliance, the thesis just as well focuses on partial questions that come up from the quantitative part. These are Middle East WW primacy, Yemen WW casualty phenomenon, the question of WW unintentionality, and others. The qualitative part...
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Securitization of drought in the Czech Republic
Chábová, Tereza ; Rynda, Ivan (advisor) ; Karmazin, Aleš (referee)
This Master's thesis deals with the construction of the threat of drought in the Czech Republic (which can be perceived as a matter of environmental security) using the securitization theory introduced by the Copenhagen school. This theory describes securitization as an intersubjective process, in which a particular threat is constructed by securitizing actors as a matter of security. The goal of the thesis was to find answers to the following research questions: I set to find out if the threat of drought in the Czech Republic was successfully securitized in the last ten years, who is the securitizing actor of the threat and what or who is the referent object, or in other words, the object which is being threatened. To find out the answers to the research questions, I used a qualitative research method of single case study; I analysed relevant primary sources using discourse and content analysis. The analysis showed that the securitization of drought in the Czech Republic was successful during the last ten years, since all the three criteria for successful securitization were met; there was a security speech act present, the audience has accepted the existence of the threat and the propositions of emergency measures against the threat of drought have been made. Based on the analysis of the primary...
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Coca eradication programs and environmental detriment in Colombia
Bregante, Camilla ; Březinová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Hynek, Nikola (referee)
Camilla Bregante Coca eradication programs and environmental detriment in Colombia Abstract Conceived as U.S. assistance to Bogotá in combating Colombian drug cartels, Plan Colombia imposed the eradication of coca plants mainly through the fumigation with glyphosate. In the accusations against the Plan, human health issues largely surpassed discourses over environmental preservation. This thesis argued that the protection of biodiversity-rich Colombian ecosystems should be prioritized, hypothesizing harmful effects of Plan's implementation on flora and fauna. Building on the securitization theory, Colombian environmental detriment was proved to constitute a security issue. First, indeed, critical review of main toxicologists' studies on the matter revealed that the mixture used in fumigations deeply affects the ecosystems. Notably, a case study on Putumayo department emphasized damages on non-target vegetation and animals, which reduced to poverty the locals. Secondly, elaborating the data collected by the Integrated Illicit Crops Monitoring System (SIMCI) between 2001 and 2015, a comparative analysis between Putumayo and the Pacific region detected major crops displacement along the years, and, therefore, more and more forests cleared to grow coca. Finally, the last chapter described how, in the same...
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Securitising Nuclear Energy: Analysis of speech acts related to the possible construction of a new reactor at the existing Dukovany Nuclear Power Station
Dytrych, Simon ; Holubcová, Jitka (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
This Master's thesis dealt with securitization attempts related to the planned construction of a new reactor at the Dukovany NPP. Therefore, its aim was to find, analyse and explain securitization speech acts associated with the planned reactor, in the period from summer 2015 to December 2020 using the critical discourse analysis approach. The results show that securitization speech acts of this kind do appear in the Czech public sphere and are articulated mainly by four groups of actors: representatives of Austria, Czech environmental NGOs, Czech governmental representatives, and Czech political opposition. These actors have different goals: to stop the construction of the reactor, to implement the construction of the reactor, or to influence the way in which the construction will be implemented. One case of successful securitization was found in the outcome: The Czech government was able to enforce extraordinary measures that deviated from standard democratic processes using security-based arguments. Their goal was to implement the construction of the reactor. It remains to add that the research also revealed three important functional actors who co-created the discourse: the BIS secret service, the SÚJB nuclear safety office and the company ČEZ.
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Analysis of the interconnection between adaptation measures and disaster risk reduction in the context of environmental security
Sebőková, Angelika ; Vačkářová, Davina Elena (advisor) ; Pondělíček, Michael (referee)
The main objective of this thesis is to present a detailed analysis of the currently achieved level of common interconnection between adaptation measures to climate change and disaster risk reduction approach in selected documents. The analysis was based on a group of predetermined keywords. The theoretical basis for this research is the concept o environmental security. According to the selected theoretical concepts the thesis identifies current obstacles of the synergy of both types of measures, and offers suggestions and solutions to overcome them. Results of the analysis showed an insufficient level of interconnection between measures, especially in the internationally binding agreements. They define only the widest context of their implementation and, moreover, do not work with the aspect of building and sustaining environmental security at all. Nationally binding documents on the contrary show a detailed mutual interconnection of the both types of measures. They are sector-oriented and complement each other in the terms of more effective implementation of measures. They are as well the only documents referring directly to the need of building environmental security, as one of the basic preconditions for maintaining the overall security of natural and socioeconomic systems. Key words:...
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The impact of US shale gas extraction on local dynamics between environmental- and economic- security frames
Burda, Ondřej ; Hynek, Nikola (advisor) ; Střítecký, Vít (referee)
This work focuses on situations where two different sectors of human security - economic and environmental - clash. It uses the currently popular topic of shale gas in the United States in order to determine what happens when such conflict occurs. It also tries to find out which sector potentially dominates in this conflict. The first part of the work defines the research questions, states my preliminary working thesis and discusses sources used. The theoretical background of the whole work is then outlined in the second part. Special attention is given to the concept of human security and the Copenhagen school, i.e. to elements that widened the traditional perception of security. The second part, however, is also engaged in the definition of the theoretical framework of given security sectors in the context of US shale gas. The third part is the core of the work's research. Here, various mini case studies within the United States and their economic and environmental variables are discussed. The aim is to find out what happened in specific cases when the clash of the two sectors occurred. The fourth part aims to outline the possible factors not mentioned in the third part, which, however, could still play a role in the shaping of the results. In the fifth section, there is a preliminary analysis of...
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