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Molecular detection of intestinal parasites in laboratory rodents
FÜRSTOVÁ, Petra
The master's thesis focuses on the issue of molecular detection by real-time PCR in laboratory rodents using primers for TaqMan real-time PCR. The designed primers were verified on 22 samples of buccal swabs, biopsies from intestinal tissue, and excrement. Specificity was verified on 9 related intestinal parasites. The detection limits of the reaction mixtures were also determined. The detection limit of the reaction mixture for Spironucleus muris was set at 3.3×10-5 ng/l, for Tritrichomonas muris at 9.4×10-8 ng/l and for Giardia muris at 1.66×10-6 ng/l. Many disease agents exist among laboratory rodents. The presence of these agents needs to be detected. Molecular detection is one of the most sensitive detection methods. Nowadays, only a few designed essays are available for detection of intestinal parasites, which include Spironucleus muris, Tritrichomonas muris and, last but not least, Giardia muris. The necessity to detect these parasites has increased due to the demand for SPF (specified-pathogen free) laboratory rodents for experimental purposes. The intestinal parasites are often used as an indicator of the failure of micro-isolation technology. Also, intestinal parasites can cause very unpleasant diseases that need to be treated. The aims has been met. The optimized methods are suitable for use in the detection of Spironucleus muris, Tritrichomonas muris and Giardia muris. The results of the thesis can serve as an information source and can be used for other investigative purposes.
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Utilization of biomass energy
Horváth, Martin ; Bok, Jaromír (referee) ; Procházka, Zdeněk (advisor)
Restoring sources of a energy and their development brings questions how these can be these sources the best utilized. The main aim of my bachelor`s thesis is an acquainted with methods of biomass conversion to energetic potential and his advantage. Than is mentioned proper project of the biogas plant and calculation of produced electric energy quantity in select cogeneration unit base on data on specific excrements production bred pigs and biogas production from slurry. The result is a variant evaluation of economy of the biogas plant operation for agricultural enterprise according to number of bred pigs and possibility of electric energy utilization.
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Monitoring the transfer of albendazole from the sheep faeces to fodder by LC-MS
Sochová, Andrea ; Skálová, Lenka (advisor) ; Matysová, Ludmila (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Bc. Andrea Sochová Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Lenka Skálová, Ph. D. Title of diploma thesis: Monitoring of albendazole transfer from ovine faeces to fodder plants by LC-MS In general, drugs might be a significant source of pollution in the environment especially drugs with high persistence. Albendazole (ABZ) belongs to a benzimidazole group of anthelmintic drugs. These drugs are regularly and frequently used to limit and treat parasitic infections in animals. ABZ enters the environment via animal excrements and it can have negative effects on non-target organisms. Laboratory experiments have shown that the plants can uptake and even biotransform the ABZ, however, it is not known whether these phenomena occur in the real field conditions. The present study monitors the transfer of ABZ and its transformation products (TPs) from the faeces of treated sheep to common fodder plants such as Medicago sativa and Trifolium pratense. We wanted to know whether the possibility of transferring these compounds from excrement into the soil and from soil to plants exits in real field conditions. Our study successfully revealed the occurrence of ABZ TPs (ABZ-SO and ABZ-SO2) in both fodder plants. The highest...
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Advantages and disadvantages of vermicomposting toilets
Svačinová, Kateřina ; Innemanová, Petra (advisor) ; Šereš, Michal (referee)
Decentralized human excreta sanitation systems, which include latrines or composting toilets for example, are among the sustainable methods of dealing with this biological waste. One possible way of dealing with human excrement is the vermicomposting method. This work deals with decentralized caused excreta sanitation using a vermicomposting toilet. The aim of the work was to evaluate the applicability of the vermicomposting method for the sanitation of human excrement and to compare this approach with more widespread methods of so-called dry sanitation, such as a composting toilet. The principles of both methods, the necessary conditions for the successful course of the process and the quality of the resulting sanitation products were described. Attention was focused not only on the presence of pathogenic organisms and the effectiveness of individual systems in their removal, but also on other possible pollutants from the group of personal care products or, for example, microplastics. Their potential effect on earthworm viability was also discussed. Other toilet paper can also be an important source of unwanted contamination. Part of the work was cooperation in the realization of an experimental vermicomposting toilet in the Dvůr Perlová voda complex in Kostelec nad Ohří. I found that...
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Effect of diet on occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in domestic animals (dogs, cats, hedgehogs, ferrets).
FILCOVÁ, Kristýna
The literature review, which is the part of the diploma thesis, contains a summary of the most widespread methods of pet food. It also contains a summary of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs, cats, hedgehogs and ferrets, and the methods of their diagnostics and therapy. The practical part of my thesis focused on collecting samples of pet excrements in the course of 2021 2023, which were then examined fot the presence of parasites using the standard coprological flotation method. In the course of the above-mentioned years, the questionnares were also provided to the pets owners, which the pet owners filled out. The questionnaire contained questions about the methods of pet food, methods of prevention used against gastrointestinal parasites, possible infection of pets with gastrointestinal parasites and the therapy used, and questions about the knowledge of this issue among pet owners. The number of infections of pets based on methods of pet food, methods of prevention used with individual methods of pet food, occurrence of the endoparasites with the prevention used, the opinion on the effectiveness of the prevention method and the opinion on the possibility to get infected from the infected pet were evaluated as well. The presence of infection with gastrointestinal parasites did not differ in individual categories of pet food. I did not prove that pets fed raw food were infected with parasites from this food. The thesis proves that pet fed heat-treated food, which is not a source of infection, are often infected with parasites. Infection from environment is a source of infection more often than feeding raw food.
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Bacterial life history strategies in gamma-irradiated arable soil receiving different microbial inocula
FARKOVÁ, Karolína
Soil contains an extraordinary level of microbial biodiversity that supports key ecosystem functions. Understanding how soil microbial communities assemble in agricultural ecosystems, as well as what traits they exhibit (i.e., what functions and services they mediate), is essential to better predict the consequences of biodiversity loss. This thesis analyzes the composition, diversity, and life history strategies of soil bacterial communities after the introduction of microbial communities from different sources (i.e., soil and cow excreta) into sterile soil (-irradiated). The results show that bacteria from soil and excreta successfully established in the -irradiated soil and that the bacterial composition and diversity strongly depends on the inoculation source. Analyses of selected functional traits proved that early colonizer taxa were characterized by having higher 16S rRNA copy numbers, smaller genomes and elevated motility and sporulation abilities than the original soil bacterial community. In addition, despite the soils showing similar initial physicochemical and biochemical properties, the different bacterial assemblages generated strong differences in soil properties and microbially-mediated functions. This thesis contributes to a better understanding on how the composition of microbial community is important for the microbial biodiversity in soil and in turn, how biodiversity can contribute to changes in soil fertility and bacterial activity through different life history strategies and traits.
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Microscopic fungi in caves and other underground shelters
Horáková, Karolína ; Kubátová, Alena (advisor) ; Hujslová, Martina (referee)
This Bachelor thesis is meant as a literature search concerned with diversity of microscopic fungi in caves, prospectively in underground spaces which were made by humankind. The caves represent unique environment for living organisms which is characteristic with specific microclimatic conditions and with deficient sources of nutrients. I have concentrated my focus to micromycetes which were isolated from sediments, atmosphere, dead insect and excrements in caves. The next part of my Bachelor thesis is aimed at species Geomyces destructans which causes so called white-nose syndrome illness - geomycosis on hibernating bats. It is an actual problem which interests scientists such as mycologists, zoologists and parasitologists.
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Monitoring the transfer of albendazole from the sheep faeces to fodder by LC-MS
Sochová, Andrea ; Skálová, Lenka (advisor) ; Matysová, Ludmila (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Bc. Andrea Sochová Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Lenka Skálová, Ph. D. Title of diploma thesis: Monitoring of albendazole transfer from ovine faeces to fodder plants by LC-MS In general, drugs might be a significant source of pollution in the environment especially drugs with high persistence. Albendazole (ABZ) belongs to a benzimidazole group of anthelmintic drugs. These drugs are regularly and frequently used to limit and treat parasitic infections in animals. ABZ enters the environment via animal excrements and it can have negative effects on non-target organisms. Laboratory experiments have shown that the plants can uptake and even biotransform the ABZ, however, it is not known whether these phenomena occur in the real field conditions. The present study monitors the transfer of ABZ and its transformation products (TPs) from the faeces of treated sheep to common fodder plants such as Medicago sativa and Trifolium pratense. We wanted to know whether the possibility of transferring these compounds from excrement into the soil and from soil to plants exits in real field conditions. Our study successfully revealed the occurrence of ABZ TPs (ABZ-SO and ABZ-SO2) in both fodder plants. The highest...
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Sexual dimorphism of rat gut microbiota composition and intestinal immunity
Kalousová, Pavla ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: Pavla Kalousová Supervisor: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Title: Sexual dimorphism of rat gut microbiota composition and intestinal immunity Background and Aim: Many factors can influence the composition of gut microbiota and the immune system. It is well-known that one of those factors is sex. This sexual dimorphism can lead to a specifically adjusted treatment of diseases for different gender and nutritional interventions. This study focuses on analysing sexual differences in gut microbiota and intestinal immunity in adult rats. Methods: Caecal content from 12-week-old female and male Wistar rats were collected and analysed by DNA-sequencing technique to characterize microbiota composition. ELISA test was performed to quantify the concentration of IgA in faeces and gut wash. Flow cytometry determined the concentration of IgA-coating bacteria in faecal samples. Results: Metagenomic analysis revealed that female gender presents 1 phylum, 4 families, 13 genera, and 13 species which are not present in male rats. Only one male-specific colonization was observed at the species level. Quantitative analysis showed a higher proportion of Firmicutes phylum in males which was associated with...
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Microbial association with house dust mites
Molva, Vít ; Hubert, Jan (advisor) ; Žůrek, Luděk (referee)
The house dust mites (HDM; Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) obtain nutrients from the debris of the skin, hairs and nails, that get off the human and animal body. These debris are covered by microorganisms and the microorganisms are the key factor in the survival of HDM in human-made environments. In this study we made manipulative experiments with the extract from spent growth medium (SPGM). SPGM is the medium after mite cultivation, composed from mite feces, debris of the diet, dead mite bodies and microorganisms. The extract from SPGM (one and three-month-old mite cultures) was used as the source of microorganism to transfer them into diet of D. farinae a D. pteronyssinus. The composition of the bacterial and fungal microbiomes differed between the HDM species, but the SPGM extract addition into diet influenced only the bacterial profile of D. farinae. In the D. farinae microbiome of specimens on SPGM-treated diets compared to those of the control situation, the Lactobacillus spp. profile decreased, while the Cardinium, Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, and Sphingomonas profiles increased. The addition of SPGM extract decreased the microbial respiration in the microcosms with and without mites in almost all cases. Adding SPGM did not influence the population growth of D. farinae,...
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