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The news coverage of the HIV/AIDS issue in time (1996-2009)
Kvášová, Sabina ; Nečas, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Šoltys, Otakar (referee)
This Master thesis "HIV / AIDS in the czech newspapers in changing times (1996-2009)" discusses the media coverage of the topic of HIV / AIDS in the czech newspapers: MF Dnes, Blesk and Hospodářské noviny in 1996, 1998, 2000, 2004 and 2009. The work confronts in the long-term overview the media agenda (the actual number of articles and topics that HIV / AIDS in those years dedicated to) with the real number of newly reported HIV positive and monitors the expanses of Ministry of Health on prevention in this area. The work responds to the question whather are the topics of HIV / AIDS media normally handled episodically, with emphasis on the story, identifies the main issues in the context of HIV / AIDS in the media, namely celebrities in particular frequent topic in the context of HIV / AIDS is deeply engaged. The work also confronts the results of media coverage of this topic so far incurable disease AIDS in czech newspapers with foreign studies on the ground of Media Studies. The actual analysis has two specific aspects of pursuing the use of different analytical tools. Quantitative content analysis looks at the articles that the newspapers reporting on the topic of HIV / AIDS appear. The second part adds a qualitative study on the topic of celebrities and HIV / AIDS. The aim of case studies is to show the...
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The impact of HIV/AIDS on reproductive behaviour in South Africa
Šustová, Šárka ; Šídlo, Luděk (referee) ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor)
The main aim of this thesis is to analyse the impact of HIV/AIDS on the reproductive behaviour of population of South Africa, its four racial groups and its nine provinces since the half of 1980's. Before the analysis of the impact of HIV/AIDS on reproductive behaviour was made, it was shown how big the problem of HIV/AIDS is in South Africa. The HIV incidence and prevalence were used for this purpose. The impact of HIV/AIDS was noticeable from the comparison of levels of fertility between HIV positive and negative women. The impact of HIV/AIDS on reproductive behaviour was further assessed using the decomposition methods and the statistical and epidemiological indicator called population attributable change. The results of analyses revealed the exceptional position of South Africa between other African countries that suffer from HIV/AIDS as well. A regression analysis showed that the growing prevalence of HIV increases the overall level of fertility. At the end of the thesis the projection of fertility till 2030 was made to illustrate the theoretical development of fertility provided that nobody become infected with HIV since the beginning of 2010.
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Education and HIV: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa
Kopecký, Tadeáš ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Korbel, Václav (referee)
The HIV/AIDS epidemic remains a large threat for developing countries, es- pecially for Sub-Saharan Africa. To be able to fight the epidemic, we need to understand the socio-economic drivers of it to distinguish the groups of people at the highest risk of the HIV. We performed an econometric analysis using logistic regression dealing with the relationship between education and several HIV connected factors - HIV status, HIV knowledge and sexual behavior - based on a large sample from 21 Sub-Saharan African countries from Demographic and Health Survey data collection from years 2008-2014. The education ap- pears to be non-lineary correlated with the HIV status as people with primary and secondary education are at the highest risk of being HIV positive. These results can be nevertheless influenced by e.g. survivorship bias as the education appears to have a positive effect on both HIV knowledge and protective sexual behavior. It is thus advised to promote education in the Sub-Saharan Africa. At the same time, it is needed to target the help primary to the groups at the highest risk of being HIV positive to prevent further spread of HIV and to help families of the HIV positive individuals. Moreover, we found that there is no significant difference in the correlation between education and HIV status between...
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Czech Society and AIDS – June 2016
Malina, Ondřej
In June 2016, the Public Opinion Research Centre (CVVM) asked three question related to the disease AIDS. CVVM probed not only the general opinion about the disease as such but also opinion about activities of institutions in regard to the disease and subjective feeling of being threatened by the disease. The results of the inquiry suggest that the Czech society feels less endangered by AIDS than in previous years.
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Risk sexual behavior of adolescents and HIV / AIDS prevention
Balážová, Martina ; Jirsáková, Jitka (advisor) ; Miroslava, Miroslava (referee)
Bachelor thesis titled Risk sexual behavior of adolescents and HIV / AIDS prevention focuses on biological and emotional development of adolescents, describes sexual behaviors, sexually transmitted diseases and focuses on the prevention of STDs, especially HIV and AIDS.
The practical part determines, based on a quantitative questionnaire survey, knowledge of pupils, secondary vocational schools in the prevention of sexual diseases and compares students' knowledge about specific sexual diseases, presents their views and attitudes towards sexual behavior.
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The effectiveness of prevention programs in primary prevention of sexually transmitted diseases of students of Faculty of health and social studies of University of South Bohemia.
VÁLKOVÁ, Jana
Sex is a natural means of reproduction, but by far it is not practised solely for that purpose. In recent years there has been a large release of morality and today we would hardly find a young person with a belief that sex serves for reproduction only. Sexual life is no longer taboo and therefore it is necessary to speak also about the adverse phenomena that accompany it. There is unwanted pregnancy and the spread of sexually transmitted diseases. Sexually transmitted diseases present a serious global problem that does not fudge even our society. Young people represent the largest risk group in terms of infection who go through various relationsship selecting a permanent partner. The primary prevention is the most important way how to fight against sexually transmitted diseases, and it is important particularly for those who have not begun yet to live sexually. For this reason it is often implemented in the form of prevention programs in school facilities. The current situation of sexually transmitted diseases in the Czech Republic was charted in the theoretical part of this work. The goal of the practical part of this work was to obtain an overview of the effectiveness of prevention programs in the primary prevention of sexually transmitted diseases among students of Health and Social Studies University of South Bohemia. There were defined four hypotheses for this purpose. The first hypothesis: Young people get more information about the dangers of sexually transmitted diseases from the media and from their peers than from schools and parents. The second hypothesis: Experience with random sex has a quarter of respondents. The third hypothesis was formulated as follows: Women have more knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases than men. The fourth hypothesis: Women observe the principles of safe sex more than men. The quantitative research, questioning method and questionnaire technique were used to collect empirical data. The questionnaire was anonymous and had electronic form. The research sample consisted of full-time bachelor programs students of Health and Social Studies University of South Bohemia, who belong by their age structure into the most vulnerable group of infection of sexually transmitted diseases. Respondents. The research was attended by 531 respondents. The first, third and fourth hypothesis were not confirmed on the based of a statistical test. The third hypothesis was confirmed statistically. The descriptive statistics shows that young adults do not have sufficient knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases and have no fear of the disease, which is also reflected in their behavior. The prevention programs for primary prevention of sexually transmitted diseases in the Czech Republic are not quite sufficient, according to the achieved results and in my opinion, and we can not talk about their proven effectiveness. It can be said they provide at least some awareness of the risks associated with sexual intercourse. In my opinion, it is necessary to establish the precise form of the curriculum and to incorporate sex education into the framework of the educational plan as a separate subject in school facilities as basic and secondary. It is necessary to involve parents into the process of primary prevention by increasing their awareness and to pass the acquired information. It is also necessary to promote a form of barrier contraception and introduce general preventive programs in the fight against sexually transmitted diseases.
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State of Millenium Development Goals programme
Dobrotka, Ondřej ; Čabla, Adam (advisor) ; Vild, Jiří (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the status of compliance with the MDGs, which the United Nations committed itself to meet by 2015. These objectives concern the biggest problems associated with developing regions, which include poverty, public health, environmental protection and, ultimately, global economic cooperation. The first part outlines the history of the development program of the MDGs. In the second part are then defined the selected indicators that are linked to objectives and also is there described the methodology of their calculation. The actual evaluation of the objectives is based on these indicators and quantifying is made on the basis of official data sets published by the United Nations, the World Bank and other associated organizations.
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Public opinion on the issue of HIV/AIDS - May 2013
Vinopal, Jiří
Public attitudes to HIV/AIDS were the topic of the May survey. Majority of Czechs (80 %) are not afraid of HIV infection, but 74 % percent of them believe that AIDS currently poses problem for the Czech Republic. Sixty two percent believe that the relevant institutions engage in AIDS issues adequately.
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Prevention of HIV/AIDS in the Czech Republic- What is Actually Reality?
PALÁTOVÁ, Ilona
HIV/AIDS in the Czech Republic constantly represents the current health and social problem. In my bachelor thesis on Prevention of HIV/AIDS in the Czech Republic - What is actually the reality? I decided to address this issue in detail from the perspective of present situation and also with respect to possibilities of the disease prevention. The thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part includes the HIV/AIDS issue in general, the issue of testing in the context of legislative conditions, and much of the theoretical part is devoted to the theory of HIV/AIDS prevention. The practical part was performed by qualitative forms of research. The first objective was to monitor a current range of services for the prevention of HIV/AIDS in the Czech Republic. The second objective was to monitor possibilities of anonymous testing of HIV/AIDS in the Czech Republic. Due to restructuring of Public Health Institute and individual Health Institutes and due to general reduction in funding targeted on prevention, the services in the area of anonymous testing and counseling are being reduced.The third objective was to monitor possibilities of anonymous HIV/AIDS counseling in the Czech Republic. The last objective, number 4, was to analyse the occurrence trends of HIV/AIDS in the Czech Republic. All objectives were met. Three questions were developed for the purpose of the research. What is the incidence and the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in the Czech Republic to 31.12. 2011? What is the range of services for the secondary prevention of HIV/AIDS in the Czech Republic in 2011? What resources were directed to the national program for prevention of HIV/AIDS in the Czech Republic for the year 2011? Although in terms of prevalence the Czech Republic does not belong to countries at risk, given the characteristics of the disease and its incidence, it is essential to pay adequate attention to risks of HIV/AIDS, both in the clinical area and in prevention above all. For prevention means the least expensive and the most effective strategy in the fight against this disease. The paradox of this issue is that the number of infected with HIV/AIDS has been rising, however, the costs of prevention have been falling. This thesis might be used for medialization of this issue for the general public and for the enrichment of the course in epidemiology. Furthermore, it could be used as a contribution to the academic discussion.
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