|
|
Displaying 3D Graphics in Web Browser
Sychra, Tomáš ; Kršek, Přemysl (referee) ; Španěl, Michal (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis deals with display of accelerated 3D graphics in a web browser environment. Existing technologies such as WebGL are presented and discussed. Further, in the second part of the thesis, an application for browsing medical volumetric data is designed and implemented. The application is built with the WebGL technology and Javascript graphics engine called O3D API.
|
|
|
Advanced Algorithms for 3D Medical Image Data Fusion in Specific Medical Problems
Malínský, Miloš ; Flusser,, Jan (referee) ; Kozubek,, Michal (referee) ; Jan, Jiří (advisor)
Fúze obrazu je dnes jednou z nejběžnějších avšak stále velmi diskutovanou oblastí v lékařském zobrazování a hraje důležitou roli ve všech oblastech lékařské péče jako je diagnóza, léčba a chirurgie. V této dizertační práci jsou představeny tři projekty, které jsou velmi úzce spojeny s oblastí fúze medicínských dat. První projekt pojednává o 3D CT subtrakční angiografii dolních končetin. V práci je využito kombinace kontrastních a nekontrastních dat pro získání kompletního cévního stromu. Druhý projekt se zabývá fúzí DTI a T1 váhovaných MRI dat mozku. Cílem tohoto projektu je zkombinovat stukturální a funkční informace, které umožňují zlepšit znalosti konektivity v mozkové tkáni. Třetí projekt se zabývá metastázemi v CT časových datech páteře. Tento projekt je zaměřen na studium vývoje metastáz uvnitř obratlů ve fúzované časové řadě snímků. Tato dizertační práce představuje novou metodologii pro klasifikaci těchto metastáz. Všechny projekty zmíněné v této dizertační práci byly řešeny v rámci pracovní skupiny zabývající se analýzou lékařských dat, kterou vedl pan Prof. Jiří Jan. Tato dizertační práce obsahuje registrační část prvního a klasifikační část třetího projektu. Druhý projekt je představen kompletně. Další část prvního a třetího projektu, obsahující specifické předzpracování dat, jsou obsaženy v disertační práci mého kolegy Ing. Romana Petera.
|
|
|
Design of computer tomograph
Bojková, Eva ; Lehocký, Peter (referee) ; Zvonek, Miroslav (advisor)
The graduation thesis is engaged in the design of computed tomography (CT). It is a piece of medical equipment which helps to define the diagnosis of a patient. The first part of the project is a research into contemporary stage and production of CT systems. Consequently the new design of computed tomography is designed in a way to maximise ergonomical, technical and aesthetic quality.
|
|
|
Development of Imaging Methods and its Importance to Biomechanics
Sedláček, Tomáš ; Houfek, Martin (referee) ; Florian, Zdeněk (advisor)
The main objective of this bachelor thesis is to collect all available literature, from which can reader obtain basic knowledge of imaging methods. The methods are divided by its origin into four categories: x-rays, magnetic resonance, ultrasound and nuclear medicine. Each of them is described from the historical, physics and technological view. At the end the importance of each method to medicine and biomechanics is summarized.
|
|
|
The role of radiology assistant by fluoroscopic examination of gastrointestinal tract
REMTOVÁ, Barbora
I focus on working methods of radiologist assistants in various types of examinations of gastrointestinal tract in my thesis. The number of gastrointestinal tract has increased. In latest ten years the number of colorectal carcinomas has been rising, with women in particular, and carcinomas of liver with men. The Czech Republic dominates Europe considering the occurrence of colorectal carcinomas. Therefore these types of examinations have been indicated more and more often. When the carcinoma is found out in an early stage there is a chance of recovery almost for 95% patients. Radiodiagnostic methods are a contribution not only in finding carcinomas, but also in other diseases of GIT. The number of sciascopic method examinations decreases, but still they have their important place in radiodiagnostics. The goal of my work is to show radiodiagnostic methods, such as X-ray, computed tomography, sonography and magnetic resonance. Next I describe in details methods in sciascopic examination and computer tomography. Each of these examinations was described in a single chapter. I describe the task of radiologist assistant at these examinations when his/her presence is necessary. Radiologist assistant is a medical worker working on the departments of radiology, radiotherapy and nuclear medicine. During recent years a system of radiologist education has principally changed. It is newly founded on university education. His/her competencies are: to perform the tests of operating stability, to ensure so that the medical radiation were in accordance with principles of radiation protection; to provide nursing care at radiological procedures; to perform sciagraphic procedures and preoperative sciascopy; to perform radiologic imaging procedures at medical radiation; to assist at intervention radiology; to perform therapeutic radiation procedures. Besides other things a radiologist assistant is required to know the anatomy of a human body on well. That is the reason I present a detailed anatomy of gastrointestinal tract in my work. I also present diseases of single parts of GIT, where radiodiagnostic methods are especially used. The goal of the second part is to give a detailed idea of radiologist assistant work on a radiodiagnostic ward CT and sciascopic ward. I used professional literature and questionnaire method for this purpose. The questionnaires were distributed to radiologist assistants working in researched departments. These questionnares were used for answering the research question whether the task of radiologist assistant is less demanding and shorter in time with CT examinations of GIT than with sciascopic examinations. In the chapter Results I described sciascopic methods and CT examinations of GIT. I also described the work of a radiologist assistant and evaluated answers of questioned radiologist assistants. I compared these results with the available professional literature of older and recent issues in the chapter Discussion. The results confirm the asked researched question that the assistance at CT examination is less demanding and shorter in time than at sciascopic methods and comparing to older issues of professional literature we cannot find any significant progress in sciascopic methods. The professional literature from the end of the 20th century describes sciascopic methods and work of radiologist assistants the same way as today is. CT methods were in a developing phase and were improved. The professional literature does not present exact procedures for examinations, therefore the described work of a radiologist assistant at a CT examination is inspired by personal experience from the practice in this branch.
|
|
|
Radiological visualization methods of the cranium by children
BALABÁNOVÁ, Klára
In this bachelor work were examined the imaging methods of the children´s skull. The number of the skull injury move upwards with the rising age. There are different causes of the skull injury falling on the head, car accident, but it could be also an effect of the abuse. It depends on the doctor, which of the examination methods he chooses. All patients and especially children must have the radiation load as small as you can get it. The chosen examination method must bring high-quality result. Special approach to children, professionalism, thoroughness and patience are in the pediatric radiology necessary, because the cooperation with the children is sometimes very difficult. Knowledge of clinic pediatrics and special knowledge by some examinations are required, because children´s disease have another development as by adults. The goal of this work is to acquaint with the radiological visualization methods of skull, as for example X-ray, computational tomography, magnetic resonance and sonography. Particular visualization machines and methods were described in the work. One separate chapter was dedicated to particular X-ray projections. Sonography is more and more used, mainly in the group of small children, for example to post-natal examination of hips. CT is also more and more indicated because of its speed. CT and MR are very difficult for children and their parents, but also for staff. The children could be afraid of the tunnel construction of this machine. Because of the difficult cooperation with the children it is sometimes necessary to give them calming stuff or general anesthesia. There must be an approval for the examination from the parents or legal representative, when these stuffs are given or when different examination machines are used. In the work is also described the anatomy of the skull, there are also described the differences between children´s and adult skull, development of the skull and the sexual differences of the skull. The form of the children´s skull is different from the adult skull. The goal of the second part is to compare the number of examination from the year 2008 to 2013 depending on imaging modalities (RTG, CT, MR), age and sex. The next goal is the gaining of the total number of examination of children´s skull divided into different examination modalities. The goal was to find an answer to a question, whether special X-ray images are still indicated, also when CT is available and whether the number of indications that serve to examination of children by magnetic resonance rises. To answer this research question it was used the statistics from the radiological department of Klinikum Passau and it was made the analysis. The chapter "Results" contains graphs that are made from the available statistics. The graphs are described in this chapter. Some of the results are represented in tables. This chapter is connected with another chapter "Discussion", where the results from Klinikum Passau are compared with the results from two bachelor works and two articles in the journal Injury Prevention, poisoning and violence. The results show the all goals of the work were fulfilled and represented and the answer on both research questions is positive. Yes, the special X-ray images of the skull are still indicated, also when CT is available and the number of indications that serve to examination of children by magnetic resonance still rises. Interesting result was that the most frequent examination in Klinikum Passau in the radiological department was in the last years the examination by magnetic resonance with the contrasting stuff. The statistics was influenced by the fact that it was worked out just in radiological department. Children´s department is separate and has its own X-ray, so there are also X-ray images. This bachelor work can serve as an educational and additional material for students and the workers of this profession.
|
|
|
Computer processing of tomography data
KONEČNÝ, Jan
Computer processing of tomography data Tomographs are one of the most important diagnostic devices, which are used in every hospital nowadays; they have already been so for a considerable period of time. The different types of tomographs and the processing of tomographic data and imaging of these data are the subject of this thesis. I have described the four most common types of tomography: X-ray Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Positron Emission Tomography and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography. This thesis has described the basic principles of these devices, their technical parameters, their use and also different data formats, which are used for tomographic data. The practical part of my thesis is involved with software for viewing and processing of tomographic data. It specifically concerns freely available viewers such as MRIcro, ezDICOM, Amide, ImageJ and Gpetview. Their main functions and their pros and cons have also been described therein. The last part of my thesis has been devoted to SPM software that is used for an advanced processing of 3D tomographic data from PET, VBM and MRI as well as EEG and MEG imaging techniques. I have described these features and also those individual steps that are taken during the processing of particular sample data that has been taken from examinations on functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. This thesis is addressed to all, those who want to learn more about tomographic data processing and mainly it should serve as an overview of free software for processing and viewing of these data.
|
|
|
DIGITAL IMAGES PROCESSING IN RADIOGRAPHY
PILAŘ, Martin
This thesis is focused primarily on digital image processing and modern imaging modalities algorithms. An algorithm means a method for solving a problem or an instruction. In image processing an algorithm presents the process from data acquisition to the resulting image displayed on the monitor. Therefore, in the first part of the thesis a brief overview of principles of imaging modalities used in radiodiagnostics is given. Collected data have to be analyzed and modelled in a certain way. These modified data are then digitized and ready for further processing. The main objective of my paper was to explain, especially to radiology assistants, the basic operations and algorithms used in image processing that are commonly used. I also tried to prove that not only by changing scanning parameters, but also by changing any image parameters the test results may be affected. On the other hand the operating personnel may invalidate the examination and thus contribute to an imperfect diagnosis. Other sections of my thesis are focused on primary image processing and basic image operations. This information is followed by post-processing or secondary processing of visual information. An integral part of the image processing algorithm consists of hardware and software important for archiving and information transmission. A certain part of my paper is devoted to future trends in image processing. The whole theoretical part is based on practical experience and the results obtained by either creating a software algorithm or by measurement of a water phantom on CT, where the original hypothesis was defended by applying a filter. The results are supported by a graphic and image documentation.
|
|
|
Disturbing artifacts of radiodiagnostic modalities
ŠEDA, Miroslav
This work gives information on machines used for diagnostic imaging aimed to disturbing scan artefacts of chosen device (CT, MR, USG). Radiology assistant work still more depends on technique which helps in examination. The machines used for clients´ examination are thanks to IT development still more complicated. They allow high-quality and precious images, give more possibilities of treatment ways, save the client. Operating this technique is the domain of radiology assistants. Development without restrain leads to period when operating staff will work more independently. It is necessary for the radiology assistant to manage all steps in examinations which are undergone. He has to keep radiation protection and the quality of the image result as well. The result of most diagnostic examination in radiology department is image information. Image results can be from various reasons changed or deformed in comparison with the reality. Such distorted images can lead up to mistaken or late diagnosis by the physician. Radiology assistant is the first specialist who must be able to judge whether the examination has been done correctly or to warn the physician of possible variation or image deformation. Moderation or suppression of artefacts in image results in examination is easy in some cases. Then it is enough to explain the process of examination to the client and to emphasize how important is to cooperate with the staff. In some cases is technically impossible to impact the manifestation of artefacts as it results from the principle of examination method, or because of high financial costs unbearable for the health institute. In my work I aimed to image artefacts of machines (CT, MR, USG) which can be met in common clinical practice. I tried to document these image artefacts in common running. Part of my work is to describe the causes of artefacts appearance and the way how to avoid or remove their manifestation.
|
|
|
Diagnosis and endovascular therapy of cerebral aneurysm
SVAČINA, Igor
Summary Diagnosis and endovascular therapy of cerebral aneurysm The first part of this bachelor work is aimed at the key examination methods such as CT, MR, DSA etc., leading to the determination of diagnosis of subarachnoidal haemorrhage caused by brain aneurysms. It describes both etiology, pathogenesis, incidence of brain aneurysms and also anatomy and physiology of wessel wall and brain wessel supply {--} circle of Willisi. It explicates parametres of adjusting examination modalities for each individual procedure. Next part deals with the endovascular therapy of cerebral aneurysms. It is engaged in the embolization by coils. Detailed information was acquired from special medical literature and also by the observation of routine working procedures in radiology departments and interventional radiology departments in hospitals during scholarships. The target of the bachelors work is also to assess the role of radiographers in the process of determination of subarachnoidal haemorrhage (SAH), which is caused by brain aneurysms, and also during the endovascular therapy of brain aneurysms. The assumption, that radiographers are really necessary and important during examination and that they are useful members of operating team, came true. The further part is focused on the detection and comparison of levels of the patient{\crq}s radiation stress during the endovascular therapy of brain aneurysms. It compares total skiascopy times of these interventions and searches for differences in the amount of applied iodine contrastive solutions. The compared data come from two angio units, Siemens Multistar (2000) and new Siemens Axiom Artis (2006), that are used in the department of interventional radiology in Homolka hospital. The data of 26 patients necessary for calculation of the effective dose were obtained from the operating diaries of both angio units. Effective and organ doses were subsequently calculated by the software programme called Effdose. It was found that effective doses from both angio units are relatively low. The entrance surface doses and organ doses (thyroid, eye lens etc.) cannot cause any skin injuries and any deterministic effects. Radiation stress in Siemens Axiom Artis is almost half lower than in Siemens Multistar. The hypothesis that effective doses in the new angio unit Axiom will be lower proved true. Differences between total skiascopy times and amounts of applied contrastive solutions were slight. The hypothesis that total skiascopy times and amounts of applied iodine contrastive solutions in the new angio unit Axiom will be lower did not prove true.
|
guest ::
