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Methods of Measuring of Particulate Matter Emissions
Bašta, Tomáš ; Brázdil, Marian (referee) ; Lisý, Martin (advisor)
This thesis deals with the methods applied for measuring the solid pollutants in the flue gases. It is divided into two main parts. The first part deals with the general problem of solid pollutants, methods of measurement and emission limits. The second part is devoted to the experimental measurements and determination of the mass concentration of solid pollutants in the flue gases of the combustion unit for solid fuels GEMOS 110. It shows the measurement procedure, necessary calculations and evaluations.
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Hygiene Factors Issues of Noise, Dust and Vibrations in the Workplace Grinding Castings
STODOLOVSKÁ, Květa
My diploma work is focusing on the health problems of selected factors in the working enviroment of grinding the metal castings. There are high-risk factors, which are harmful to worker´s health, especially physical stress, noise, dust and vibrations, which are passed on hands. The employer is under the obligation to take precautions to carry on worker´s health, in consideration of exceed the health limits. The aim of this diploma work was setting the efficiency of precautions to health protection in work enviroment. The situation had been monitoring in a company in the South Bohemia over ten years. There were used results of factor´s precautions (noise, dust, vibrations) in work enviroment, where workers grind the metal castings by hand grinders. The monitoring ensemble was created by employess in a company, which makes the metal castings by hand grinders in its work enviroment. To data collecting were used the following methods: non-aligned observation, conversation with the chief of the company, studying of positive law and technical literature incl. test codes of the health institute (department Ceske Budejovice). The data of the test codes were processed by the secundary analysis and summarized to tables and graphs. Within qualitative analysis I determinated four research questions, which were answered gradually in my work: 1)Which precautions are carry out by employers to particular factors of employee´s health protection? 2)What is the factor´ s efficiency? 3)What impact do the precautions have on results of factor´s measuring? 4)Which precautions can I recommend on the grounds of the evalutation of the work enviroment? Both means of collective and individual protection belong to the precautions of worker´s health protection today. The technical, technologiacal and organisational precautions are included to collective protections. The individual precautions are focusing especially on employees and offer the substitute solutions. All precautions are specific to individual factors. I found out, that all precautions, which are used by the employers in work enviroment of metal casting, are effective. Especially we can talk about the precautions to protection of employee´s health against excessive dust (instalation of air ventilation with strong effect), which caused the exceed of dust concetration in work enviroment of grinding. Finally I can say, that this branch of metal casting has been connecting with certain high-risk factors all the time. Although all the protective precautions has been realized, the health limits given for noise, vibrations passed on hands and dust are still exceed. For this reason it´s very important to regularly inform the workers of high-risk factors, which they could meet in their work enviroment of cast grinding.
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The workstation in the tractor cab.
LÍKAŘ, Ondřej
The thesis is focused on the operator environment in the tractor cab. More precisely, the noise and dust in the tractor cab when stubbleng, plowing and sowing carried out under the autumn field work. Measurements were carried out in five farmers as five different tractors similar performance. As reference was used Zetor 12145, which was compared with New Holland T6070 Tractor, Landini Powerfarm 100, 135 Zetor Fronterra and Deutz-Fahr M620. The results of all measurements were graphically displayed and compared each other. In conclusion, the results were compared to measurements with the legislation. The measurement spat out of the rear tractor does not exceed the noise limit, which indicates the legislation. Dust measurements was more indicative of the diversity of the weather.
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Assessment of methods for measuring dust emissions in livestock production
ZAHRADNÍK, Ivan
The occurrence of dust particles suspended in the air is a problem not only in increased concentration in the vicinity of human dwellings, but also for livestock. The theoretical part of this thesis is focused on the dust with a focus on current legislation and the impact on human and animal organism. Based on the robust simulation were performed dust measurements at two different commodities livestock. With impinger DUSTTRAK was detected current dust and compared according to the specified phase beem day.
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The analysis of the effectiveness of respirators in relation to the nature of the work activity using the Dust TRAK 8530 monitor.
PÍŠEK, Petr
This thesis deals with the analysis of the effectiveness of respirators in relation to the nature of the work activity using the Dust TRAK 8530 monitor. First are presented what dust actually is and the splitting up of individual types of dust particles. Further this work concerns legislative decrees and applicable laws relating to the protection of air quality and health in work environments. The paper also describes protection comprised of respirators and their distribution. Part of this work are the individual measurements from agricultural operations and construction from the demolition of buildings. Based on the measured values, the conclusions are drawn, according to the applicable legal provisions of the Czech Republic.
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Use of protective equipment at selected sites to protect the airway and hearing
VAŇKÁTOVÁ, Denisa
Bachelor?s thesis is divided into two parts, a theoretical part and a practical part. The theoretical part of this thesis covers; problems in the field of providing protective tools, employers responsibilities connected with providing these tools, knowledge about kinds and choices of filtration and isolation aids for airway protection and knowledge about aids for ear protection. The theoretical part is processed by a secondary analysis of technical literature, legal rules, technical articles and website resources. Quantitative research is used in the practical part of this thesis. Questioning is a chosen method and a questionnaire is a method for collecting data. The questionnaire was completed anonymously and was created only for the purpose of this thesis. At first, a pre-printed questionnaire was handed over for completion to employees of chosen companies via safe technicians. Employees had 7 days to complete the questionnaire. It consisted of 15 closed questions. The respondent could choose from two to three suggested answers and one answer where the respondent could answer by his or her own words. The criterion for the choice of companies for this research was a requirement that employees at workplaces had to use personal protective tools. Two companies were chosen of which one runs a foundry and the second deals with the production of building components. Both companies want to be presented anonymously. Workplaces of both companies indicate the risk of noise for our ears and chemical polutant nad dust in the air for our airways. The data are processed by means of computer programmes; Microsoft Office Word and Microsoft Office Excel. Statistical tables and graphical illustration are used to evaluate the data. The results are interpreted in absolute numbers and percents. The aim of the thesis is to create an overview of protective tools used for the protection of airways and ears within chosen worplaces, and to find out the convenience of used tools due to their efficiency which was set by a producer. Furthermore, the aim is also to find out whether protective tools are used during work, whether employees keep regular maintenance of protective tools and finally whether the breaks at work are observed. Four hypotheses are given: Hypothesis no. 1: Employees in an observed group, who have to use personal protective working tools, use the right types of tools. The hypothesis no. 1 was confirmed after evaluation of used protective tools considering recorded levels of noise, dust and chemical substances at workplace and with taking professional structure and answers of the respondents into consideration. Hypothesis no. 2: Employees in an observed group, who have to use personal protective working tools, really use these tools . The hypothesis no. 2 was also confirmed on the basis of the answers of employees. Hypothesis no. 3: Employees in an observed group, who have to use personal protective working tools, carry out regular maintenance and change of these tools. According to all the respondents in the survey , 67 % of respondents do not make change of tools which protect their ears until the tool is damaged. Furhermore, 57 % of employees do not make change of tools which protect their airways until it is damaged. The hypothesis no. 3 was disproved Hypothesis no. 4: Employees in an observed group,who have to use personal protective working tools, observe safety breaks at work. In the company B the safety breaks were not established. That is the reason why it was not possible to confirm or disprove the hypothesis no. 4. The results of this survey will be handed over to the employers of certain companies. On the basis of data gained in the survey ,the heads of the companies have materials which they can use for change in scope and content of course trainings considering personal protective working tools and safety breaks.
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The Health Risks Analysis in the Workplace of Stone Quarries, Measure and Evaluation
STODOLOVSKÁ, Květa
The purpose of this thesis was to evaluate the work environment of quarries. Four research questions were asked: What factors can be determined in the working environment of quarries? Are hygienic limits of the monitored factors in the work environment of quarries respected? What measures to protect the health of workers in the quarries are applied by the employers? Are the proposed measures to protect employees' health effective? The bachelor thesis was conducted as qualitative research. Conditions in two quarries in the South Bohemian Region were studied. For data collection, the technique of direct, disinterested and obvious observation, the study of professional literature, legislation, trial protocols and the findings obtained from interviews with managers were used. The data were processed by content analysis. In the theoretical part, I focused on individual risk factors in the work environment of quarries and on health risk assessment. In the practical part, I compared the measurement results with the health limits set out in Government Regulation No. 361/2007 Coll. laying down the conditions of health protection in the workplace, as amended, and in Government Regulation No. 272/2011 Coll. that lays down hygienic limits of noise and vibration. Individual professions were categorized according to Decree No. 432/2003 Coll., as amended. The factors assessed in the work environment of quarries were quarry dust, total and hand-transmitted vibrations, noise and physical strain. The lowest rated factors include dust and total vibrations. Hygienic limits were not always observed, and thus the employer is obliged to take measures to protect the health of employees. The most important step in the development of quarries is the purchase of new, modern machines and the overall modernization of production, resulting in reduction of the workers´ exposure to risk factors.
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Health Promotion in the Workplace in Concrete Conditions of a Textile Producing Company
PRŮCHOVÁ, Pavla
I prepared my thesis on Health Support at Workplaces under Particular Conditions of a Textile Factory. The main objective was to determine the company management?s activities in the field of health support. The second objective was to map the information provided to the staff on health support at the workplace, and the third objective was to propose the concept of a specific preventive programme. When preparing the concept of the preventive programme for the textile company I co-operated with the company management and with the company doctor. The reference group was represented by women employed in a textile plant in South Bohemia who worked in different workshops producing car seat covers, housing and children?s clothing. The work described in this thesis was carried out as quantitative research. For data collection I used anonymous questionnaires and the results of this research were plotted on graphs. The thesis is divided into a theoretical part and an empirical part. The theoretical part mainly deals with health support at the workplace, with an analysis of health risks at work including the impact of physical factors. At the beginning of the empirical part I set the goals and set out three hypotheses. Having analysed the collected data I found that H1, H2 and H3 were confirmed. The empirical section includes a description of the research technique which shows that more than 50 per cent of employees of the textile factory are overweight, then that there is a greater occurrence of health problems in the departments of sewing and embroidery machines and many women also had no idea of the meaning of health support at the workplace. According to the results it is possible to say that the textile company does not organize any physical activities or rehabilitative exercises for their employees. Based on the information I would recommend organizing sports courses, providing healthy canteen meals, reducing stress at the workplace and introducing dust extractors in order to reduce dust at the workplace. This thesis may bring the company better working comfort and help to improve the employees? health. The proposed preventive programme can also be a manual for employers in the textile plant in the field of health support at the workplace.
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Analysis of the production process of the company Abydos s. r. o.
Sciranka, Peter ; Kislingerová, Eva (advisor) ; Kupec, Olga (referee)
The rapid evolution of a turbulent world economy in recent years has caused problems to a large number of enterprises, especially those that operate in cyclical sectors of the economy. The aim of this thesis is the financial and economic analysis of the company Abydos s. r. o., which operates in the engineering industry and its main business is supplying components for the automotive industry. Another objective is to analyze selected parts of the manufacturing process and design optimization and measures that would help the company improve the process and thus improve economic results of the company.
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The hazards of harmful chemical substances in metal production environment, measuring and assessment.
GRUBEROVÁ, Michaela
The target of the thesis was to evaluate the risk of chemical harmful substances and dust in the working air of metal production. Four research questions were asked: {\clqq}What harmful substances are fixed in the working environment of the metal production?`` {\clqq}Are the hygienic limits of chemical substances and dust in the working environment of metal production observed?``, {\clqq}What measures were taken by the employer for the purpose of the health protection of employees?`` and {\clqq}Are the measures taken by the employer for the purpose of the health protection of employees effective?`` The thesis was treated as qualitative research. The followed file consisted of three South Bohemian companies dealing with metal production. The method of the direct, non participating and clear observation was applied for the data collection, moreover the study of documents {--} testing reports. The secondary analysis of data was performed. The results of measuring were compared with the hygienic limits fixed by the Directive of government No. 361/2007 Coll.. The evaluated professions were divided in categories pursuant the Directive No. 432/2003 Coll. In the working air of metal production, the concentration of the total dust, chromium, hexavalent chromium, carbon monoxide and ozone were followed. The last measuring in the monitored workshops proved that the hygienic limits were observed, except for two cases when the highest acceptable concentration determined for chromium and the chromium (II,III) compounds as Cr, and of the hygienic limit for welding fumes were exceeded. The most important protective measure applied by the employers on their workplaces was the reconstruction of air-conditioning, or installation of local exhausting. In view of the gradual decrease of the harmful substance in the working air in connection to the taken measures may be stated that the given measures were effective. The hypothesis {\clqq}Modernisation of operations in metal production improves the working environment of employees and in the modern operations no above-the-limit values of the most monitored harmful substances were found out. ``
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