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Road side verges in agricultural landscape and their biodiversity - epigeic beetles
JELÍNEK, Jan
The species diversity, aktivity, equitability and human impact were studied using epigeic beetle communities on transect whest field field trip and alfaalfa field. The materiál was collected by pitfall traps during the period Juni-September 20016 in cadastr of the town Písek in the Southern Bohemia. 38 species and 567 individuals were kept together. Activita of beetles differs in studied plots. The highest aktivity was found on fields and the lowest in field trip. Index of human impact was very similar on studied plots wheat 2,5, field trip 12, rape 0). I tis clear that alll studied are strongly impacted by human acticity. The frequency of relic species were (Dragons and Ground beetles) 20% only on all studied plots 80,00%. The adaptible species absent on field cultures and was found on field trip only. 6 species of adaptible (stenotopic) species were found on field trip only, but their aktivity were very low. The equitability of communities in filed plots was very low (2,331 2,474). The highest equitabilty was found on field trip (3,04). The ordination of commuties indicate the close similarity. The species diversaity is very similar in all communities on studied plots. We recommend the change of sowing management and the lower agrotechnic interference in studied locality. We recommend to enhance the plots of biocorridors and biocenters. The stuided field trip plays a role for the increse of the biodiversity of epigeic beetles, which are important for the reduction of pest organisms in agricultural landscape.
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Comparison of population parameters of Large blues from genus Phengaris on multiannual basis
Bártů, Nikola ; Vrabec, Vladimír (advisor) ; Petr, Petr (referee)
There where evaluated the changes in abundance of overall metapopulations and abundace of butterflies on surveyed areas occupied by Phengaris nausithous (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). It ran on two long-term monitored locations in the Czech Republic : Slavíkovy ostrovy u Přelouče a Dolní Labe u Děčína. Data for this comparison was obtained by longterm monitoring of the abundance of butterflies on these locations. The method of reverse capture of labeled specimens was used and then statisticall processing of marking results in program MARK. In final number of the target species has been found significant fluctuation , after our evaluation. Abudance of total metapopulation in Přelouč in years from 2004 till 2016is variable from 148 up to 1 369 butterflies, numbers in Děčín between 2008 and 2016 has vacillated from 273 to 1952 individuals. Growth of abudance of metapopulation on these two locations are obvious from crossing both diagrams (in years 2006, 2010-11 and 2014-2015). However, observing time-lime is not so long, this is very strong argument to support this hypothesis: ,,From aged time sequence there is noticable graduation periodicity. Than has been compared progression of population of individual locations compare to metapopulation of both locations together and it has discovered this observation is a real picture of aged progress. Most of places of research copying trend of metapopulation. If there are any differences, for example total metapopulation grows, but population of individual location declines, it could be explain as a change of familiar location related on mamagement, in this case on the wrong one. Contrariwise, rising of individual colony against the trend of metapopulation, mostly shows a positive changes in maintenance of site. Long therm researching is highly recommented for rating of impact of management.
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The status of Phengaris nausithous population on selected meadows in Broumovsko region
Štěpánková, Anežka ; Vrabec, Vladimír (advisor) ; Kamil, Kamil (referee)
The purpose of this thesis entitled Population Status checkered blue butterfly Phengaris nausithous (Bergsträsser, 1779) on selected meadows in Broumov area was to find and evaluate the situation regarding the size and structure of populations of the butterfly Phengaris nausithous, on a recently selected location within the territory of the Czech Republic. A used monitoring method was a Capture-Recapture method at 13 locations in the PLA Broumovsko, where the occurrence of the food plant Sanguisorba officinalis, which is an integral part of the species evolution, was the key for choosing the location. The ant of the genus Myrmica is also important for the evolution of the P. nausithous. The results were evaluated using the program MARK and Statistika and then transferred into graphs and tables. In 2016 it was marked 687 of the P. nausithous and the sum for the overall metapopulation totaled 1,487 individuals. Most of the P. nausithous occurence with the number of (fixed catches) 149 was registered at the Hynčice 2 (H2) area, which was the third largest area of all studied habitats. The least number of 15 of the P. nausithous has been marked at the Hynčice 1 (H1) area. Maximum estimates of numbersfor patches were determined with the program MARK with the highest number of 367 individuals in the H2 area, whereas the lowest number of 38 individuals at the H1 area.The numbers of P. nausithous determined by the application MARK were significantly higher than those of fixed catches, indicating good aplication of methodology. It was captured a total of 49 migrations. Overall 31 % of individuals migrated and 18 % of individuals migrated within assumed total number. Most flyovers were between the areas H2 and H4 (11 flyovers) and between areas V1 and H4 was recorded flyover at a distance of 5.3 km, which can be considered as one of the longest flyovers. The average distance of migration of P. nausithous was 1.46 km. The number of immigrants for solid flyovers was set to 49 individuals and the number of immigrants to 58 individuals. The hypothesis of this work was: All the examined areas communicates using flyovers of butterflies and the system can be considered as a single metapopulation and was confirmed given on the basis of the results. Target species dependence on the density of host plant vegetation was not crucial according to the graphic representation. The first T-test found that there is no association between P. nausithous abundance and between the length of the migration between particular areas. The second T-test found that with increasing number of flyovers the length of those flyovers gradually decreased.
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The status of Large Blue Phengaris teleius population on selected meadows in Broumovsko region
Hejretová, Kateřina ; Vrabec, Vladimír (advisor) ; Kamil, Kamil (referee)
I conducted a monitoring of Scarce large blue Phengaris teleius (Bergsträsser, 1779) by reverse capture of marked individuals method on 13 examined meadows in Broumov area near Ruprechtice, Hyncice and Vižňov in the period from 4th July to 5th August of 2016. I marked a total of 409 butterflies of this species. Data were evaluated with the help of software MARK 8.1 and the total number of butterflies metapopulation was estimated at 802 individuals, whereas the estimates of quantity for each area ranged from 2-269 specimen. I registered most of the individuals at the Ruprechtice 2 station.
I documented the flyovers of P. teleius individuals between stations within a Ruprechtice Hynčice area. I consider the involvement of Vižňov as realistic, but due to the local total number of butterflies, the detection of P. teleius flyover failed. I consider the hypothesis formulated in the objectives of the work: All the examined areas communicates via overflights of the butterflies and the system can be considered as a single metapopulation, as confirmed.
I consider as important a finding that there still lives a stable population of Phengaris teleius and P. nausithous butterflies in Broumov area. The numbers of these butterfiles are in hundreds to thousands of individuals, and it is important to remember that this is only the population of examined areas, not all areas of occurrence of blue butterflies in stated territories. Those numbers after the first year of observation are unknown. The layout of examined colonies is beneficial for targeted protection planning. The metapopulation model continent islands is not the case of stations examined by myself.
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Diversity of small terrestrial mammals in the National Nature Reserve Voděradské bučiny
Šímová, Drahomíra ; Kouba, Marek (advisor) ; Markéta, Markéta (referee)
This thesis describes and evaluates the biodiversity of small terrestrial mammals in the forest complex National Nature Reserve Voděrady beech woods (hereafter the reserve) and continues in the bachelor´s thesis from 2013. The goal of the research was to find and compare the diversity of small terrestrial mammals inside the reserve and outside the reserve and to evaluate its microhabitat.
During the vegetative season 2013 and 2014, a total of five field catches of these animals were realized. Individuals were captured by the standard method of capture recapture methods (CMR) in to the live traps. The traps were spread by a quadrate method in three pair plots inside the reserve and outside the reserve. The localities had the same terrain conditions, but different tree species composition. During the research of small terrestrial mammals, the gender, age and weight of each individual was determined and the vegetation of particular localities were recorded by using the phytosocilogical relevés.
Total 85 individuals of two species of small terrestrial mammals were captured in the studied area. The most abundant species was the yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis) and the bank vole (Myodes glareolus) occurred sporadically in all plots.
The results obtained numbers of small terrestrial mammals were evaluated by Mann Whitney U Test in the mathematical software Statistic 13.2. The analysis of the microhabitat was accomplished by using PCA analysis (Principal components analysis) in program Canoco 5.
By comparing two types of individuals of small terrestrial mammals in localities in the reservation and outside the reservation in years 2013 and 2014 by Mann Whitney was found out that the number of the first captured individuals and the number of individuals differentiated from the gender and the age did not differ in localities in the reservation and outside the reservation.
Based on the analysis of PCA results was found that in the localities inside the reserve (beech forest regeneration and beech forest without regeneration) occurred mostly adult males in the microhabitats with the occurrence of the Fagus sylvaticus, Larix decidua and Luzula luzuloides seedlings and in the localities outside the reserve (spruce forest regeneration and spruce forest without regeneration) was found out more juvenile females in the microhabitats with the occurrence of Oxalis acetosella.
The thesis s results could serve as one of the basis of decision document for Administration of the Protected Landscape Area Blaník for decisions regarding realization of possible management in these localities because the research of small terrestrial mammals has not been done yet here.
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Repertoire and specificity of vocalization in Grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus)
Kůrková, Petra ; Lindová, Jitka (advisor) ; Petrusková, Tereza (referee)
The aim of the study was to map the repertoire of vocalization of four wild-caught grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus), two males and two females. Data were collected during nine days from June to November 2008 by recording of vocalization in standardized conditions. Recorded sounds (3 052) were categorized according to their characteristics using both visual inspection of spectrograms and listening. We found 70 different call types, which were combined into 18 bigger groups. We found no subject to use the whole repertoire. Important differences were found both between individuals and between males and females. almost all call types were used throuthout the whole period of recording. Model spectrograms of all call types are shown. Key words: grey parrot, Psittacus erithacus, repertoire, vocalization
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Dispersion of freshwater gastropods
Buďová, Jana ; Černý, Martin (advisor) ; Juřičková, Lucie (referee)
Freshwater gastropods (Mollusca: Gastropoda) belong to two tradional taxonomic groups: prosobranchs (Prosobranchia) and pulmonates (Pulmonata). Most of these molluscs are characterized by low vagility. Therefore they usually rely on passive dispersal. Their dispersal vectors are mostly birds and water. Animals can transport snails both externally and internally. Direct methods (capture.mark.recapture, radio - tracking) and genetic methods could be used to study dispersal. For genetic studies can be used many type of molecular markers, but the recently most popular are microsatellites. According to recent studies, the dispersal of freshwater gastropods is probably not as frequent and wide - spread as assumed before. Key words: freshwater snails, dispersal, dispersal vectors, capture - mark - recapture, molecular markers, population genetics
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Trapping systems on wild boar - techniques and utilization
Hradilová, Adéla ; Ježek, Miloš (advisor) ; Mrkvičková Kořanová, Diana (referee)
This thesis addresses the first part of a literature review on the types of traps for wild boars and the possibility of running them. Also in this section is also included Czech legislation related to the topic of trapping wild boars.
The second part is more catching device is placed in a hunting Blazice - Sovadina, which is currently undergoing a wild boar. The cage will evaluate the success of the capture. Catching devices have been installed in various parts of the hunting grounds. Predominantly located in agricultural crops. Evaluation will be well used in baits.
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Spatial distribution and mobility of critically endangered Rock Grayling in the area of Orlik Reservoir
Váňová, Anežka ; Kadlec, Tomáš (advisor) ; Petr, Petr (referee)
The critically endangered grayling (Hipparchia hermione, syn.: alcyone) is one of the rapidly declining diurnal butterfly species which occupies only few remaining localities in the Czech Republic. Currently, its remaining local populations can be found in the central Povltavi area where they inhabit mostly sparse light oak forests with low cover of the herb layer. As a diploma thesis, the study was conducted during the season 2015. The populations of H. alcyone were researched around the Orlik water reservoir. The occurrence was confirmed at six localities out of which two had been unknown until then. Within four dense populations have been using the capture-recapture method evaluated the mobility and dispersal abilities of the species. The populations differed in their dispersal abilities. Various average long distances across localities and sexes were detected. The average long distances varied (males 142to300 m, females 78to261 m) across all locations. The flight probability were ascertained with two methods: the inverse power function (IPF) and the negative exponential function (NEF). The NEF method fitted better the flight probability at all localities. The interchanges of individuals between localities were noted only in a case of two closest populations. These one-way interchanges (three males and two females) were always directed from dense to smaller population. The adults of H. alcyone were typical by very low dispersions between separate populations, probably due to lower densities of populations and innapropriate structure of migration paths. Three overflights of males and two overflights of females to the neighbouring location were recorded. With respect to the size of local population and the structure of migration routes, the individuals expand with difficulties. In order to maintain and support habitats of new H. alcyone biotopes, the more open canopies and creation of a larger number of small clearings in the neighbourhood of the H. alcyone localities is necessary.
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