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Prostatic Cells Classification Using Deep Learning
Majerčík, Jakub ; Špaček, Michal
Human prostate cancer PC-3 cell line is widely used in cancer research. Previously, Zinc- Resistant variant was described characteristically by higher dry cellular mass determined by quantitative phase imaging. This work aims to classify these 2 cell types into corresponding categories using machine learning methods. We have achieved 97.5% accuracy with the correct preprocessing using Res-Net network.
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Analysis of the Structure and Properties of Al-Si Alloy during Holding Time of the Melt
Krahula, Karel ; Lichý, Petr (referee) ; Kaňa, Václav (referee) ; Zemčík, Ladislav (advisor)
This thesis is dedicated to the production of aluminum casting alloys. It maps the course of changes in the morphology of eutectic and its influence on mechanical properties during the long-term meltdown. In particular, the use of image analysis methods contributes to describing these processes. The presented results show that the eutectic shape does not change even during the meltdown for 110 minutes. There is only a roughing and an increase in grain size. There was also no influence on the mechanical properties that fit the practical application of the alloy examined
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Characterization of newly developed fluorescence probes in cellular systems
Kadlecová, Julie ; Hubálek Kalbáčová, Marie (advisor) ; Hendrych, Tomáš (referee)
Nanoparticles (NP) are currently a progressive area of scientific research. The possibility of synthesizing them according to the required parameters opens up possibilities for their wide use also in biomedicine. One example is a nanoparticle that can detect cellular processes, such as pH. We already know that the pH of healthy and cancer cells differs by the opposite gradient on the intracellular and extracellular side of the membrane. In this context, this work deals with the study of fluorescent silicon nanoparticles (SiNP) tested on a human keratinocyte cell line from a healthy donor (HaCaT) and from skin cancer donor (A431). Once found that even the highest concentrations of SiNP used are not cytotoxic, they can be further studied by fluorescence, confocal and super-resolution microscopy. In order to assess the pH detection properties of these SiNPs, a method for measuring intracellular pH with a fluorescent raciometric probe SNARF-1 using fluorescence spectroscopy and flow cytometry was introduced. Since the pH values of the intracellular environment are closely related to cellular metabolism, the metabolism of A431 and HaCaT cells was characterized and compared. To do this, methods for measuring analog glucose consumption (2-NBDG) and another new method for measuring real-time metabolism...
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Compartmentalisation of surface receptor signalling in T cells
Paldusová, Kateřina ; Cebecauer, Marek (advisor) ; Janušová, Šárka (referee)
The main goal of this thesis is to introduce the topic of compartmentalisation of signalling on the surface of T lymphocytes before and during the T-lymphocyte activation by the contact with an antigen-presenting cell (APC) or a target cell. To understand the compartmentalisation of signalling, the morphology of cell surface needs to be understood first. It is believed that the surface of T cell is magnified with an abundance of membrane protrusions called microvilli. Although, little is known about their inner structure. They may have some structural features different from microvilli on the surface of APC or microvilli of intestinal brush border. These structures are further described and compared with each other along-side with some other non-microvillar membrane protrusions and extensions. The insight into three-dimensional compartmentalisation of signalling molecules in T cells is still in its early days. Some results even contradict each other. This field will require the application of advanced imaging methods in a rather comprehensive way to uncover fine organisation of these molecules before and after encountering stimulatory surface. Key words T-cell signalling, membrane receptors, cell surface morphology, microvilli, microscopy
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Multidimensional characterization of polyelectrolytes and interpolyelectrolyte complexes in aqueous solutions
Murmiliuk, Anastasiia ; Štěpánek, Miroslav (advisor) ; Šachl, Radek (referee) ; Hoffmann, Ingo (referee)
Multidimensional characterization of polyelectrolytes and interpolyelectrolyte complexes in aqueous solutions Abstract: This PhD thesis is dedicated to the study of polyelectrolytes and their self-assembly in aqueous solutions. The morphology and ionization state of individual polymer chains were investigated as well as their co-assembly with oppositely charged species. First, the charge regulation of short and long weak polyelectrolytes in aqueous solution was investigated to deeper understand their pH-responsive properties. The changes of ionization degree and charge of oligopeptides composed of 5 amino acids with acid side-chains and 5 with basic side chains were followed upon varying the pH in order to reveal the effect of interactions between the like-charged and oppositely charged groups. It was shown that intra-molecular electrostatic interactions and conformational flexibility caused the suppression of the total charge and enhancement of ionization of the peptides. To get an insight into the distribution of local H+ concentration in the proximity of a polyelectrolyte chain, a modified polyelectrolyte structure was used with a fluorescent pH- indicator, covalently attached at the end of the chain. Ionization of the pH-responsive fluorophore revealed its effective pK which was compared with the local...
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Detection of surface phenotype and chemosensitivity in bladder carcinoma cells in vitro
Šímová, Michaela ; Drbal, Karel (advisor) ; Vondálová Blanářová, Olga (referee)
Tumor malignancies are the second leading cause of death worldwide. One of the reasons for the failure of oncological treatment are the uniformly set clinical guidelines, which neglect the effect of high intertumoral heterogeneity. The in vitro chemosensitivity and resistance (CSRA) assays allow for the stratification of patients prior to therapy. Therefore, the CSRA are a long-considered method for personalization of components of chemotherapy regime. Nevertheless, none of them is being routinely used in clinical practice. Certain chemotherapeutics used for their cytotoxic and cytostatic effect are also able to induce so-called immunogenic cell death (ICD) of tumor cells and activate an anti-tumor immune response. Monitoring of changes in the expression of molecules associated with the regulation of the innate immune system on the surface of dying tumor cells would enable to predict the patient's ability to respond to treatment involving modern immunotherapeutics. The feasibility of CSRA using flow cytometry and microscopy is critically evaluated in this thesis on a model of bladder cancer. Simultaneously, the correlation of the immunogenic phenotype of tumor cells and their sensitivity to selected chemotherapeutics is discussed.
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Nanoscopy, spectroscopy and modication of individual nanoobjects in liquid environment
Smísitel, Petr ; Valenta, Jan (advisor) ; Galář, Pavel (referee)
In this diploma thesis we will study the luminescence properties of nanocrystals. We will summarize the basic division according to size and standard method of theoretical description of semiconductor and metal nanocrystals. We will describe the luminescence properties of nanocrystals and the influence of the surrounding environment. In the se- cond part of the thesis we will follow up the construction of an apparatus for imaging luminescence spectroscopy intended for the measurement of individual nanoobjects in a liquid environment. Finally, we will study luminescence properties of organixally passi- vated metal clusters in a liquid environment with changes in temperature and excitation intensity. We compare the luminescence of gold nanocrystals with and without long po- lyethylene glycol chains bound on the surface. 1
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Monitoring system for monitoring of laboratory processes
Bachmayer, Marek ; Odstrčilík, Jan (referee) ; Čmiel, Vratislav (advisor)
The presented work deals with the development of a monitoring system for monitoring the operation of the laboratory. The theoretical part of the work includes information on the safety of operation and work in biological laboratories, measured physical quantities and the principle of their measurement. The monitoring system is built on a compact ESP32-CAM camera and a WeMos D1 development board. The practical part consists of the design and implementation of a given system and the creation of a full-stack application for displaying live input from the laboratory for monitoring measured quantities in real time.
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Fiber guided illumination module
Kropáč, Vlastimil ; Kvasnica, Lukáš (referee) ; Dostál, Zbyněk (advisor)
This diploma thesis describes the design of the illumination system for a Coherence--Controlled Holographic Microscope (CCHM). The theoretical part mentions the history of microscopy, the principle of holography and individual types of interference microscopy. To get closer to the topic, individual light sources and an overview of current illumination systems are mentioned. The diploma thesis also describes the procedure of designing a fiber-optic illumination module for microscopy from optical design through design of construction to the last step, which is assembly and testing of the module.
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Dimensional, Shape and Material Analysis of Bimetal Parts with Defined Bending Radius
Ivánek, Radim ; Studený, Zbyněk (referee) ; Sedlák, Josef (advisor)
The thesis aim is an evaluation of achieved results coming from the analysis of pipe bend 180° for the critical bending / bend 1D and supercritical bending / bend 0,7D. The theoretical part is focused on material property of a bimetallic pipe and on methods applied to work out the analysis. The definition of critical points at a considered segment and possible defects arisen while bending is embodied in the thesis. The practical part of the thesis is based on presenting dimensional and proportional analysis based on using optical microscopes and 3D scanner GOM ATOS. The material analysis was aimed at macrostructure as well as microstructure of the bimetallic pipe material, at chemical composition and at the hardness when low-loaded. The analysis achieved results are assessed at the end of the thesis.
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