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Giuliani's Zero Tolerance Policy and Its Effectiveness
Tršová, Andrea ; Kozák, Kryštof (advisor) ; Calda, Miloš (referee)
The topic of this thesis is the zero tolerance policing which was established in New York in the second half of the 1990s. Authors of this police approach were New York City Mayor Rudolph Giuliani and Police Commissioner William Bratton. They took their offices in 1994, when there were very high crime rates in New York. Crime rates increased mainly in the 1980s but the situation was still very serious in the beginning of the 1990s. Under Bratton, who had a political support from mayor Giuliani, the New York Police Department adopted a strict law enforcement strategy, which is also called the zero tolerance. In the following years the crime rates went down indeed, and Giuliani and Bratton claimed credit for this crime drop. However, a lot of criticism of their police approach appeared soon and many studies explained falling crime rates as a result of other factors. This paper focuses on the description of changes that took place in the New York Police Department and on the discussion about factors that might have caused the crime drop. The purpose of this paper it to explain what the zero tolerance policing is, to analyze different factors that might have had caused declining of crime rates and to consider the effect of zero tolerance on crime rates.
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Possibilities of psychological intervention in the sphere of crime prevention
Kolářová, Renata ; Netík, Karel (advisor) ; Gillernová, Ilona (referee)
This Diploma Thesis deals with crime prevention, especially with psychological aspects of this interdisciplinary field. The content of this work is divided in two main sections, theoretical and research section. The theoretical section introduces basic concepts of crime prevention, criminogenic theory and the most important psychological aspects of criminality. The research section monitors 18 selected psychological criminogenic factors that are evaluated by respondents from the professional community according to the importance for the development of delinquent behavior and according to the possibility of their elimination by psychological instruments. Recommendations of psychological interventions suitable for the elimination of criminogenic factors and a personal experience in this field are attached by research respondents too. Summary of findings provides background for the use of psychological interventions in crime prevention practice.
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Crime prevention through environmental design strategy and its use in selected Prague's localities
Fiala, Ondřej ; Šiftová, Jana (advisor) ; Šilhánková, Vladimíra (referee)
In this thesis I focus on the preventive strategy called Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED). The aim of this strategy is to act preventively against crime and to reduce fear of crime by means of modification of the physical setting in public spaces. CPTED is theoretically based mainly on findings of crime geography, environmental criminology and architecture. After presenting this concept at the theoretical level I focus on six concrete locations in Prague. On the basis of my field research I investigate if the principles of CPTED are applied in these locations. I also refer to differences between locations, where the preventive principles were applied and locations without use of the CPTED standards. Through the use of questionnaires I try to verify if people really feel safer in places where the principles of CPTED were used. Then I observe the types of activites and the structure of people in those six examined locations. Semistructured interviews with the employees of the Prague municipal police were realised to complete the characteristics of these places. In the last part of the thesis I consider the possibilities of design adjustments in the unsuitable locations according to the CPTED principles.
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Current problems of activity of crime prevention assistants in České Budějovice
ZETOCHOVÁ, Aneta
The Bachelor thesis's topic is Current problems of activity of crime prevention assistants in České Budějovice is focused on crime prevention by the help of the crime prevention assistants programme. The programme of the Crime Prevention Assistant in České Budějovice was introduced in 2013 and works for three years currently. Many people have different opinions on this programme and that is why, I have decided to do research to find out if the programme is successful or not. In the scope of content of activity is possible that assistants contend with problems or obstacles which can worse the scope of activity. In the theoretical part I have decribed present-day situation, then I have also mentioned crime prevention in České Budějovice according to the housing estate Máj. Moreover, I have written about basic functions and activities which are part of work of crime prevention assistants and then I have compared examples of good practice with positive and negative evaluation of this programme by the public and specialists. For my practical part I have chosen qualitative research. The research questioning method was used for gaining data. The structured dialogue with open questions has been used as a technique of gaining data. Fifteen dialogues have been divided into three sections with different questions to connect the theoretical part with achievement of the main aim. I have spoken with crime prevention assistants and with interested specialists who motion stated issues. The main aim of this thesis is to capture developing structure and activities of crime prevention assistants in České Budějovice, to clarify primary difficulties and problems which keep company with this formation and to suggest some optimization recommendations.
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The impact of poverty and other factors on criminality in Czech Republic
Jarolímová, Andrea ; Rotschedl, Jiří (advisor) ; Čermáková, Klára (referee)
This work investigates the factors influencing crime in the Czech Republic. It focuses mainly on the relationship between poverty and crime. The aim is to find out what influences crime and whether poverty goes before crime. Selected problem I solved using multiple regression analysis. This work uses method of comparison among the regions, then the method of least squares. I processed the data using a single linear regression and multiple regression. I carried out the removal of certain variables, and I used only the final model to solve problem. This work shows the impact of poverty on crime in the country. Carried out the research, we found that improve the economic - social conditions (GDP growth, wage growth) has major impact on crime. The benefit of this work is to putting a simple model that can serve as a ground for further exploration.
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Analysis of crime trends in South Bohemia since the establishment of higher territorial self-governing units
TROUPOVÁ, Lucie
The thesis focuses on the analysis of trends in crime in the South Bohemian Region since the establishment of higher territorial units in terms of both theoretical and practical. The aim of this thesis was to map the evolution of crime in the South Bohemian Region in the last 14 years, and identify aspects that affect it. The theoretical part characterizes the basic concepts such as criminality, its concept, latent and registered crime or status, structure and dynamics within the crime. Further factors are defined, such as aspects influencing the development of crime, but also various types of crime, and not least the system of crime prevention. The second part of the theoretical section is aimed at defining the territorial division of the Czech Republic, and the specific characteristics of the South Bohemian Region. The practical part includes quantitative research, in which the technique of secondary data analysis was used, based on document analysis. Statistical data of the Police of the Czech Republic were selected for the research group, which were then further processed and used for the analysis of crime in the South Bohemian Region only, with an emphasis on the individually surveyed areas. Aspects influencing the development of crime have been identified and characterized in the theoretical part of their theoretical framework. The results have shown that crime did not increase by 10%, on contrary, it decreased by a total of 21.2% within the period under review. Furthermore, it was found that in each year of the investigated period, proportional representation of the various types of crime varies. The results showed biggest differences are represented in economic and violent crimes within the investigated period. The objective of my thesis has been met. I believe that the work can serve professionals to gain comprehensive information as well as study material concerning the development of crime in the South Bohemian Region .
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Juvenile deliquency, focused on the situation in the police district called Čtyři Dvory
REHÁK, Marek
The work deals with juvenile delinquency, focusing on the situation in the police district belonging to the police station Čtyři Dvory. In the thesis it is analyzed in terms the juvenile criminal code, penal responsibility, criminality, police district department, station department, OOP Čtyři Dvory. Next chapter is focused on juvenile delinquency and its analysis in the police district OOP Čtyři Dvory, comparing it with the rest of police districts in the city of České Budějovice. The final part is focused on causes of juvenile deliquency and its prevention and also mentions possible measures given to juvenile offenders.
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Juvenile delinquency in Strakonice district and its prevention
MARKOVÁ, Kateřina
The topic of my thesis is juvenile delinquency in Strakonice district and its prevention. Delinquency is a socially-pathological phenomenon which affects each of us. It is a problem, spread all over the world, at has always existed and it will unfortunately always exist. Delinquency is more serious when it is linked to juveniles because children are our future. The world has been very hectic and we have little time left for children and require a lot from them. We, our society and their environment influence their attitudes. My thesis deals with how are juveniles influenced and how we can fight against it. The objective of my thesis is to outline the development of juvenile delinquency in Strakonice district and to find out about the opinions of professionals who deal with juvenile delinquency and related problems. In the theoretical part I deal with criminogenic factors, which influence juveniles, juvenile delinquency specifics, the highness of criminal responsibility limit, legal measures according to the Act No. 218/2003 Collection of Law, and the significance of prevention and development of juvenile delinquency in Strakonice district. To find out about the stated objective I chose the secondary data analysis and the qualitative research, using the method of a structured interview with open questions. I questioned eight professionals, working in the branch of juvenile delinquency in Strakonice, about their opinions and experience knowledge. During the interview I asked ten questions which were linked to general juvenile delinquency and its prevention. The stated objective was fulfilled. The results of the thesis might be useful for the creation of prevention programmes. On the basis of the research results I would pay attention to a better acquaintance of professionals with functioning prevention programmes.
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Differentiation And Efficiency Of Public Expenditures On Prevention And Fight Against Crime
Bernardyová, Kateřina ; Písař, Pavel (advisor) ; Řežábek, Pavel (referee)
This Bachelor thesis is concerned with the description and analysis of criminality in the Czech Republic and with related public expenditures. In the first part is an outline of common progress of criminology, individual schools and their approaches to influence crime. It brings closer view of economics dealing with the solutions to crime rates and with calculations of the social and individual crime costs. Situational analysis of crime in the Czech Republic, its sources, background and structure of supervisory authorities follows. One chapter is devoted to the female crime. The second part analyzes the correlation between the crime rates, public expenditures on crime prevention and crime repression from national and regional perspectives. The main issue of this work is the efficiency of public expenditures on the prevention and regression of the crime in the Czech Republic.
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Regional differentiation of criminality in the Czech republic.
Dejmek, Jiří ; Nezdařilová, Eva (advisor) ; Macháček, Jaroslav (referee)
Tato diplomová práce se zabývá kriminologickými aspekty trestných činů v ČR se zaměřením na socio-ekonomické a prostorové charakteristiky páchané kriminality a regionální diferenciaci kriminality v ČR. Součástí diplomové práce je popis vývoje teorií objasňujících kriminalitu, tedy vývoje kriminologických přístupů, včetně současného ekonomického přístupu ke kriminalitě prezentovaného zástupci chicagské školy. Úvodní obecná analýza regionální diferenciace kriminality je v diplomové práci základním kamenem pro následnou detailní analýzu majetkové kriminality a vzájemných závislostí mezi naměřenými hodnotami majetkové kriminality a socio-ekonomickými jevy, provedené za účelem hlubšího pochopení kriminality jako sociálního fenoménu. Zároveň práce pojednává o možnostech predikce vývoje trestné činnosti a budoucích hrozeb v podobě nárůstu kriminality ve strukturálně postižených a hospodářsky slabých regionech, a také poskytuje možná doporučení, jak potenciálním hrozbám předcházet. Diplomová práce by měla poskytnout ucelený pohled na kriminalitu v ČR tak, aby se mohla stát případným podkladem pro příjímání opatření orgány veřejné správy za účelem sociální kontroly.
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