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Pregnancy with positive diagnosis of preeclampsia and the role of a midwife.
HUSÁROVÁ, Nela
This bachelor thesis deals with pregnancy and positive diagnosis of pre-eclampsia. The thesis describes the role of a midwife and the needs of pregnant women during hospitalization. The aim of this thesis was to find out how midwives perceive the care of pregnant women diagnosed with pre-eclampsia and a further aim was to find how the needs of women diagnosed with preeclampsia have changed. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and empirical. In the theoretical part the characteristics of pregnancy, hypertension, etiopathogenesis and the role of a midwife with a woman diagnosed with pre-eclampsia are described. Two aims were chosen for the empirical part of this thesis, namely, to find out how midwives perceive the care of pregnant women diagnosed with pre-eclampsia and how the needs of women diagnosed with pre-eclampsia have changed. We were interested in finding out how midwives care for pregnant women diagnosed with pre-eclampsia and the needs of these women during hospitalization. Based on these objectives, two research questions were established. How do midwives perceive the care of pregnant women diagnosed with pre-eclampsia and how have the needs of pregnant women changed during the provision of care. A qualitative research investigation was carried out by means of semi-structured interviews with midwives and women who have experienced the disease during pregnancy. The first research group consisted of five midwives working in the obstetrics and gynecology department. The second research group consisted of eight informants with personal experience of pre-eclampsia and whose delivery took place less than a year ago. The first research question investigated how midwives perceive the care for pregnant women diagnosed with pre-eclampsia. The research survey showed that all the midwives interviewed agreed on increased monitoring of the client's general condition, especially monitoring of blood pressure, swelling, laboratory testing of blood and urine, subjective feelings of the client and further observation of the heart rate of the fetus using a doppler. Furthermore, the midwives emphasized the importance of client education during hospitalization. Most frequently the women were educated about resting regimen, limiting TV and phone screen time, having a semi-dark room, bedrest, signaling devices and getting enough sleep and rest. Only some midwives mentioned educating women about the proper technique of urine collection in 24 hours. Information regarding bowel movement and constipation prevention was mentioned only by midwife PA3. The second research question examined how pregnant women's care needs have changed. The research survey showed that informants most frequently experience disruption of psychosocial needs, namely separation from family and loved ones, fear and concern for their unborn child, homesickness and sadness. Furthermore, the informants reported disruption of sleep due to hospitalization and change of environment. Some informants mentioned limited dietary choices and only informant I8 mentioned a problem of obstipation due to long-term hospitalization and resting regimen. Furthermore, the informants mentioned an information deficit in the area of self-education due to not attending antenatal classes as a result of hospitalization and the previous epidemiological situation. Pregnant women undergoing long-term hospitalization do not have the opportunity to visit antenatal courses outside the medical ward which results in information deficit in the area of self-education. This bachelor thesis has shown that there is a need for more consistent education for women during hospitalization. The findings of this thesis may be used as a source for professional seminars and lectures for midwives.
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Effect of antidepressants on placental monoamine homeostasis
Horáčková, Hana ; Štaud, František (advisor) ; Sumová, Alena (referee) ; Soukup, Ondřej (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Mgr. Hana Horackova Supervisor: prof. PharmDr. Frantisek Staud, Ph.D. Title of doctoral thesis: Effect of antidepressants on placental monoamine homeostasis Depression in pregnancy is an increasingly common problem and it is reported that up to 25 % of pregnant women suffer from depression and approximately 13 % are prescribed antidepressants. Currently, the most commonly prescribed antidepressants in pregnancy are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). However, the safety of these treatments is still controversial, as poor pregnancy outcomes such as organ malformations, increased incidence of neurological disorders, and preeclampsia have been reported in pregnant women taking antidepressants. However, knowledge of the responsible mechanisms is still lacking at present as they have not been sufficiently investigated. Although the effect of antidepressants on the availability of serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine in brain tissue has been extensively characterized in the literature, the interactions of antidepressants with placental monoamine transporters have not received attention to date. However,...
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Vitamíny v prevencii vývojových vád plodu – výživa tehotných
Brenkusová, Lada
The diploma thesis deals with the issue of pregnancy nutrition especially in terms of the representation of vitamins that have proven beneficial effect on pregnancy and fetal development. The theoretical part provides information about vitamins and their recommended daily allowances and also there is a list of food examples from which these vitamins can be taken. Part of the thesis is devoted to the chromatographic method which can be used in the analysis of vitamins in samples. The experimental part describes the procedure of extraction and determination of vitamins in purchased vitamin supplements using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The final part of the thesis contains measured and recalculated values of individual vitamins, which were compared with the declared values stated on the product packaging.
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Motivace k dokončení studia - matky v nezletilém věku
Laciná, Kateřina
The bachelor thesis focuses on the issue of minors and minors of pregnant girls with ordered institutional care and their motivation to complete their studies. The aim of the theoretical part is to describe and define constitutional education in the Czech Republic based on expert sources. To define the notion of motivation in connection with under-age mothers and pregnant girls. To further describe secondary vocational schools in educational institutions and to characterize the care of minors in the Czech Republic. The material for the theoretical part is pro-fessional printed and electronic resources. In the practical part of my work, my attention focuses on specific mothers in a specific facility. The aim of the practical part is to investigate the life stories of the girls and the impact on their motivation to complete the study in the educational establishment. In order to find out the necessary information, the analysis of doc-trines and methods of polling, namely semi-structured resolution techniques, was used. The semi-structured interview was submitted to three mothers at the age of 18, who became pregnant at the time of their minority. Based on the survey results, recommendations for pedagogical practice will be developed.
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Placental homeostasis of monoamines; effect of gestation age
Mahrla, Filip ; Štaud, František (advisor) ; Vokřál, Ivan (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Student: Filip Mahrla Supervisor: Prof. PharmDr. František Štaud, Ph.D. Consultant: PharmDr. Rona Karahoda, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Placental homeostasis of monoamines; effect of gestation age Catecholamines norepinephrine and dopamine have been implicated in numerous physiological processes within the central nervous system. Emerging evidence suggests their involvement in placental development and functions and a crucial role in fetal development and programming. Nonetheless, a comprehensive characterization of catecholamine synthesis, degradation, and transport in the fetoplacental unit is still lacking. Thus, in this thesis, we aimed to provide a comprehensive evaluation of catecholamine metabolism and transport in the fetoplacental unit. Gene and protein expression was evaluated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot analysis, respectively. Firstly, using several placental cell models (BeWo, JEG-3, primary trophoblast cells), we identified components of cellular catecholamine handling associated with the trophoblast cells. Next, we determined the effect of advancing gestation on the placental catecholamine system in humans (first trimester vs. term placenta) and...
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Insulin pump Therapy compared to Insulin Pen Injections in Pregnant Women with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Cvejnová, Michaela ; Anderlová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Krejčí, Hana (referee)
Pregnancy in women suffering from type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with various complications and risks for both the mother and the baby both during pregnancy as well as during the delivery and in the postpartum period. For this reason, it is essential to ensure proper treatment and compensation of the disease. Proper diabetes compensation and treatment of any associated diseases before and during pregnancy is the basis for a successful pregnancy. If possible, pregnancy should be planned to coincide with a period of the best possible diabetes compensation. Treatment of diabetes in pregnancy includes lifestyle modification (diabetic diet and exercise), regular self-monitoring of glycaemia and insulin therapy with insulin pens or an insulin pump. The subject of the thesis is type 1 diabetes mellitus in pregnancy. The aim was to compare the outcomes of treatment with insulin pens vs insulin pump with regard to diabetes compensation, course of pregnancy and delivery and, lastly, foetal complications. The theoretical part of the thesis summarizes current knowledge about type 1 diabetes mellitus in pregnancy. The practical part compares the treatment with insulin pens vs insulin pump. The results are presented in form of statistical analysis of data in women treated with insulin pens or insulin...
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Caring for a pregnant woman with gestational diabetes mellitus
DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Adéla
This bachelor thesis deals with gestational diabetes mellitus and the care that is provided to women suffering from this disease. The work consists of theoretical and practical part. In the theoretical part of the work, the terms physiological and high-risk pregnancy are defined in the introduction. After explaining the concept of diates mellitus and analyzing its nature, the work focuses on gestational diabetes mellitus and its characteristics. Its etiology, possible complications, effect on the fetus, methods of examination and treatment are described. The last part focuses on the care of midwives, this part of the theoretical part of the work points to the possibilities and areas of education of pregnant women who suffer from gestational diabetes mellitus. The practical part was created with the help of a qualitative research survey. Two goals were set for the bachelor thesis. The first aim of the work was to find out what role a midwife plays in the care of women with gestational diabetes and the second to find out what knowledge pregnant women with this disease have. There are three research questions related to the objectives: "What role does a midwife play in caring for a woman with gestational diabetes?", "What knowledge do pregnant women lack about GDM?" And "What knowledge do pregnant women have about GDM?". To achieve the goals, the methodology of qualitative research was chosen in the form of semi-structured in-depth interviews. Two research groups were set up, consisting of pregnant women with personal experience of the disease and midwives caring for these women. The research itself took place during the months of March and April 2022 in the form of a personal meeting at home or in a prenatal clinic. After analyzing the obtained data, the results of the research survey were derived, which were processed into categories and subcategories. Research has found that midwives provide a wide range of education in their care for women diagnosed with GDM in addition to glycemic control, diabetes counseling, and oGTT. They most often educate about diet, diet and the principles of self-monitoring. Pregnant women often had only an awareness of the disease before their diagnosis and lacked the most information about the correctness of the diet.
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Satisfaction of pregnant women with prenatal care
KOUTENSKÁ, Michaela
This bachelor´s thesis is focused on the satisfaction of pregnant women with provided prenatal care. The thesis is composed of theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part contains a description of the origin and development of pregnancy, the prenatal care itself and the description of the examinations, which are performed under the terms of this care. Furthermore, the prenatal diagnostics is described. Subsequently, the profession of midwife and her role in the prenatal advice bureau is described. The thesis is also devoted on antenatal preparation of pregnant women. Last but not least, the theoretical part deals with the contentment of patients with provided medical care and factors, that can affect the satisfaction of patients. The quantitative research was used for the practical part. Altogether, two goals were determined for this thesis. The first goal was to find out, if the pregnant women are satisfied with the provided prenatal care. As following goal was to discover, if women are satisfied with the information given about the course of pregnancy and procedures performed in the prenatal advice bureau. Afterwards, two hypotheses were set towards the goals. The first hypothesis is: "The multiparous women are satisfied with the prenatal care more than primiparas." This hypothesis is not valid. The second set hypothesis is: "Women with secondary and lower education are more satisfied with the given information than women with higher vocational or higher education." This hypothesis is valid. The questionnaire survey emerged that 66,3 % of respondent are overall satified with the provided prenatal care. However, with the given information in basic area of care in the prenatal advice bureau were not always satisfied approximately 10 % of respondents. On the other hand, with the information about the procedures performed were satisfied 66,4 % of respondents. The results of research in this bachelor´s thesis can serve as feedback for providers of prenatal care in the Czech Republic in order to increase the satisfaction of their clients. Moreover, this thesis can also be used as informational material for pregnant women just when choosing some prenatal advice bureau.
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The changing needs of women during pregnancy
VAŇKOVÁ, Támar
The bachelor thesis deals with the issue of changing needs during pregnancy. It is divided into a theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part describes pregnancy and the impact it has on a woman's needs. The thesis delves into different aspects of needs according to 11 functional health patterns by Marjory Gordon. The goal of the practical part was to find out how pregnant women deal with the changes to their needs. Two research questions were posed, the first: Which of the needs do the women feel is the most difficult to fulfill?, and the second: Who do the women most frequently turn to when it comes to issues about fulfilling their needs? Data was obtained through qualitative research which took place in March 2022. The research was carried out through semistructured in-depth interviews. Ten pregnant women took part in the research. Their age range was 25-37. For women F3, F4, F5, F7, F8 it was their first pregnancy. For women F1 and F2 it was their second pregnancy, and for women F6, F9, F10 it was their third time being pregnant. The interviews were recorded using a mobile phone and consequently transcribed using a pen and paper method. The research shows that the needs women find the most difficult to fulfill were the need for rest and sexual need. F2, F5, and F7 had problem with excretion. For F7 it was difficult to realize that she was more irritable during pregnancy. For F4 and F6 it was difficult to deal with the changes in needs during pregnancy because they affected the women's relationships with the outside world. The research further shows that the women most often used the internet to search for information. Apart from that, in case of problems F3, F4, F8 a F9 would turn to their family and friends. Another source was literature and the woman's occupation - F7 is a midwife. The women also sought information with their gynecologists, and lastly they would use their own knowledge from previous pregnancies. F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F8, F9 and F10 accepted the changes to their needs. The women expected the changes, viewed them as natural and as a part of pregnancy. However, F7 could not accept the fact that pregnancy affected her behavior and made her more irritable. She consulted this change with her psychotherapist. Other ways of dealing with the changing needs were to look for information about pregnancy and to share the changes with loved ones or professionals (a psychotherapist, gynecologist, midwife). The women also took measures which helped them deal with certain needs. For example, due to constipation F2 increased her fiber intake and drank more water. The benefit of this thesis is the possibility of presenting the acquired data at seminars for midwives.
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The role of a midwife in supporting woman's partner during pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium
ČEJKOVÁ, Tereza
This bachelor thesis dealt with the topic of the role of midwives in supporting a woman's partner during pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium. The thesis consists of two parts, namely the theoretical part and the research part. In the theoretical part there is information about pregnancy, childbirth, puerperium and related issues. Education, involvement of the woman's partner and his cooperation with the midwife are issues that this bachelor thesis deals with. In the research part of the bachelor thesis, a quantitative method was used for data collection. The data was collected using a questionnaire consisting of 48 questions, of which 25 were closed, 9 semi-closed and 14 open questions. In the introduction, there were sorting questions. Next, the questions were divided into three basic areas: pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium. The questionnaire was directed for men whose wife already gave birth. The questionnaire was distributed online, via the social network Facebook and via a direct link and sent to men of an unlimited age category whose wife already gave birth. A total of 120 men participated in the research. The questionnaire was processed using Microsoft Excel. Answers were processed using graphic representation accompanied by a verbal description. In this work, we set 1 goal: To find out what is the role of the midwife in supporting the woman's partner during pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium. For the research part, 3 hypotheses were established. The first was to find out whether a partner who is educated by a midwife during pregnancy in a woman perceives this period more positively than a partner who is not educated about the period of pregnancy. Here, a dependence was not found between the partner's awareness of the course of pregnancy in a woman and a more positive perception of this period. The second hypothesis was to find out whether a partner who is educated by a midwife during the period of childbirth in a woman perceives this period more positively than a partner who is not educated about the period of childbirth. Hypothesis number two has been confirmed. The third hypothesis was to find out whether a partner who is educated by a midwife in the postpartum period in a woman perceives this period more positively than a partner who is not educated about the postpartum period. Hypothesis number three has also been confirmed.
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