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Typological classification and categorization og grasslands in selected area and recommendation of sutable grassland management
KADLECOVÁ, Jana
The aim of this thesis was to create the botanic snap of the chosen locations, which were meadows, grasslands, pastures and also fallow grass areas, to determine the area coverage of three main agrobotanic species i.e. grass, herbs and clover, to process it with the statistcal software and determine the method and intensity of use and fertilization of individual locations and suggest the suitable prato-technical methods. The cenological structure of the locations has been observed and described using botanic snaps. The prato-technic method used were documented for each of the locations and evaluated the influence on the cenological structure. The research was performed in locations Vřeskovice, Čeletice, Městiště in the region Pilsen, former district of Klatovy. In each location the botanic snaps were taken from 3 areas of about 5 x 6 meters each. There were determined the area coverage of grass, herbs and clovers and calculated the mean indication value of humidity. Mean indication value of humidity is the parameter usable for determination of permanent grassland management and utilization. The data from the research was elaborated in software MS Excel. I recommend to manage the analyzed permanent grasslands as follows: 1. The meadow Vřeskovice behind the sewage cleaning station - additional sow of perennial rye grass, meadow clover and white clover. 2. The meadow Mstice - total recovery alternatively conservative prato-technic measures - manure fertilization for about 20t/ha and additional sow of meadow and white clover and grass - red fescue, blue grass and perennial ryegrass. 3. The meadow above the transformer station Vřeskovice - keep on current management od additional clovers sow. 4. The pasture Čeletice grazed by horses - keep on current management or additional sow of red fescue, tall fescue and timothy grass. 5. The meadow Městiště with combined utilization by cattle pasture and mowing - keep on current way of use. 6. The pasture Vřeskovice grazed by cattle - keep on current utilization or additional sow meadow and white clover. 7. The pasture Vřeskovice grazed by sheep - keep on the current utilization, in future after the reduction of dangerous knapweed to decrease the amount of pastured animals. 8. The fallow meadow Vřeskovice behind Petrovický neither mowed nor pastured - proposed mulching twice a year for about 1 or 2 years, then pasture or pasture of extensive cattle breed (Galloway) or sheep or periodical mowing once or twice a year. 9. The fallow meadow Vřeskovice trench at the farmhouse - leave as a fallow meadow improves the biodivesity, optionally to mow once or twice a year from estetical reasons.
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Species-specific structural differences of mammalian sperm and function of their key proteins during fertilization.
Dobrodinská, Anna ; Frolíková, Michaela (advisor) ; Kuntová, Barbora (referee)
The fertilization is a process during which a male and a female gamete merge so that a new organism may come into being. The sperm-egg fusion is preceded by several essential processes, such as the capacitation, acrosome reaction, the sperm binding to the zona pellucida and oolemma, and membrane fusion of the gametes. Numerous proteins, which are located in both sperm and eggs, are major actors in controlling the listed, essential processes. During the process of fertilization these proteins fulfil one or more functions. In mammalian sperm, significant species-specific differences may be found both in their morphology and at the protein level. A complex understanding of species-specific distinctions in sperm structure and functions of key sperm proteins would contribute to a better insight into the process of fertilization, thereby enabling us to better diagnose and subsequently treat the causes of infertility in humans. This bachelor's thesis summarizes the current knowledge of sperm structure and its key proteins that has been acquired through the studies of the following model mammal species: bull, boar, mouse, and human. Further, this thesis brings an interspecific comparison between the studied species. Keywords: sperm, fertilization, acrosome reaction, capacitation, sperm proteins, bull,...
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Foliar fertilizers containing collagen hydrolyzate for nutrition of grapevine: applied methodology with certification
Horák, Jaroslav ; Raimanová, Ivana ; Kurešová, Gabriela ; Trčková, Marie
A comprehensive methodology describing the use of products made from collagen hydrolyzate for leaf nutrition of main field crops and vines grown in conditions of organic farming as well as within the conventional method of cultivation. Elaboration of the methodology was preceded by applied research to develop environmentally acceptable ingredient - collagen hydrolyzate, where undesirable sodium is replaced by biogenic, often scarce potassium. Another objective was to optimize content and a mutual ratio of trace elements from the perspective of requirements of particular crops or their groups. Within the methodology are stated all the information needed for qualified decision-making regarding to foliar application of newly developed products in organic and conventional mode of farming. Examples of practical use of both types of fertilizers are the result of their application in field trials and South Moravian vineyards with standard and biological growing system.
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The methodology of the proper way of manure storing on agricultural land: 2nd edition; Certified methodology for practice
Svoboda, Pavel ; Wollnerová, Jana ; Kozlovská, Lada ; Klír, Jan
The proposed methodology describes a complete manual to the correct storage of farmyard manure on agricultural land before its application. Special attention is paid to measures for storage of farmyard manure in vulnerable zones identified in the action program of the Nitrates Directive. For selecting a suitable place to storing farmyard manure are available in the methodology detailed instructions, with the help of data in the registry of soil LPIS at web site Portál farmáře. The model of the required emergency plan or supplement of the plan is also given in the methodology. The second updated edition responds to changes in legislation in 2016, in particular the amendment to the Government Regulation no. 262/2012 Coll., On determining the vulnerable areas and Action Programme, which was issued under No. 235/2016 Coll.
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Vyhodnocení produkčních vlastností romanovských ovcí v ekologickém chovu
VOSTŘÁKOVÁ, Veronika
Bachelor thesis focuses on fertilization, fertility, intensity of fertilization, breeding, number of infertile sheep, total number of sheep in reproduction, evaluation of descendants growth capacity and number of sheep with individuals, twins, triplets and quadruplets. The data obtained from the control of use and evidence from past years was used to evaluate these characteristics. The work highlights the advantages of farming and the shortcomings that occur in the breeding and at the same time it should contribute to the improvement of the situation on the farm.
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Analýza reprodukčních vlastností plemene valaška
VRŠECKÁ, Lucie
The aim of this diploma thesis is to evaluate the level of reproductive performance of Wallachian sheep. There were used data from the original kennel evidence and from the performance cracking. It is focused on fertilization, reproduction intensity, fertility and rearing lambs. Fertilization of Wallachian sheep was in between 89,5 99,4 percent. Reproduction was in between 141,4 158,1 percent. Level of rearing was in between 108,1 139,6 percent. There were born 972 lambs in years 2012 2016. The most lambs were born in the year 2016, it was 265 lambs. It is because there were the most ewes in the herd in the reporting period. There were born one lambs, twins and triplets. The most frequent were twins at a ratio of 49,9 percent. The less frequent were triplets at a ratio of 4,7 percent. Number of lambs does not depend on the age of ewes. The number of lambs in a the litter did not differ by lines.
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Effect of ubiquitin-proteasome system on spermiogenesis in mammals
Kroumanová, Kristýna ; Petelák, Aleš (advisor) ; Krejčová, Tereza (referee)
Spermiogenesis is a complicated process in which the haploid spermatids differentiate into morphologically mature sperm. Morphological changes include condensation of chromatin and histone-to-protamine replacement, fusion of Golgi-derived vesicles to form acrosomal cap, flagellum formation, reduction of cytoplasmic volume and organelles rearrangement. Ubiquitin-proteasome system plays a key role in these processes. Ubiquitination is a posttranslational modification, leading to the labelling of intracellular proteins targeted for degradation by 26S proteasome. Importance of sperm ubiquitination, is supported by the fact, that deficiency of ubiquitin-proteasome system can lead to infertility at various degrees. During the subsequent sperm maturation in the epididymis extracellular ubiquitination of abnormal sperm and sperm quality control take place. Ubiquitin-proteasome system plays a key role during fertilization, when the sperm 26S proteasome is co-responsible in zona pellucida penetration. The purpose of this assay is to describe the effect of ubiquitin- proteasome system during different stages of spermiogenesis in mammals.
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Sperm morphology and molecular mechanism associated with sperm fertilizing ability in mice.
Šebková, Nataša ; Hortová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Jonáková, Věra (referee) ; Linhart, Otomar (referee)
The process of sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction (AR) are highly dynamic processes essential for the fertilization, including cytoskeleton proteins in the sperm head. The study of the distribution of actin, spectrin and α-tubulin in the head of representative mammalian sperm indicates that before and after the AR there were changes in the distribution of the cytoskeleton structures in the sperm head of all representatives, mainly in the apical part of the acrosome, but also in the equatorial and postacrosome part of the sperm head. The particularly well-studied actin cytoskeleton plays an important role during the capacitation and before and after the AR. Environmental estrogens can interfere with the function of endogenous hormones in very low concentrations. They can interact with specific receptors affecting several signalling pathways leading to sperm capacitation and AR. The effect of 17β-estradiol, estrone, estriol and synthetic 17α-ethynylestradiol was evaluated by the ratio of tyrosine phosphorylation and the state of the acrosome during in vitro capacitation in the sperm head. This study has provided the evidence that estrogens significantly stimulate capacitation progress in a concentration-dependent manner. Estrogens decrease number of sperm after the induced AR too. The raising...
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Maize fertilizing in terms of selected agricultural company
HOVORKA, Jaroslav
My diploma thesis was focused on the corn nutrition in practical conditions of the agricultural company. The evaluation was made with the help of an experiment, which was made at an altitude of 508 metres, the experimental land belongs to the agricultural company Jasanka s.r.o. The experiment is based on the nutrition of corn with different fertilization doses. Various parameters characterizing plant development were observed during the vegetation season. The final results of this experiment showed the overall differences between the fertilized variants. For all the evaluated indicators, a decreasing tendency with a decreasing amount of nitrogen was confirmed. It is clear that all parameters of the best results were obtained for fertilizer variant 1 (58.5 kg N*ha-1). Similarly, for all parameters, the gradual decrease of values decreasing the fertilizer dose is evident.
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