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Enzymes partcipating in starch metabolism
Riegelová, Kateřina ; Ryšlavá, Helena (advisor) ; Liberda, Jiří (referee)
Starch is stored in plastids of plant storage organs or in chloroplasts of photosynthetic tissues. This storage polysacharide can be degraded hydrolytically by -amylases (EC 3.2.1.1.) or phosphorolytically by phosphorylases (EC 2.4.1.1.). An extract prepared from tobacco leaves (Nicotiana tabacum L.) was found to disintegrate the dye-labeled starch substrate. The optimal pH of the hydrolytic cleavage was 8.0, while the optimal pH of the phosphorolytic cleavage was 7.0. The highest starch cleavage rate was observed at 55 řC. -amylase is more important for cleavage of starch in tobacco leaves than phosphorylase.
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Industrial production of ethanol
Flajs, Roman ; Zichová, Miroslava (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with ethanol production for food and car industry. The aim of this work is to give a summary of different kinds of raw material especially lignocelluloses and microorganisms used for its processing and fermentation. The thesis focuses especially on technological process of ethanol production and the utilization of different materials for fuel production.
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Plants polysaccharides and their importance in food production
Klanicová, Barbora ; Illková, Kateřina (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
Some findings about plant polysaccharides, their characteristics and structures, modifications, changes, their biosynthases, isolationes and primarily their importance in food-stuff industry are the subject matter of this review. Because of their modifications and because of the significant role they play in food-processing industry it is focused on starch and cellulose. For better understanding of whole meaning it was necessary to attend to the theme from the initiation – mainly the cell structure and then syntheses, especially photosynthesis, ways that are monosaccharides and polysaccharides generated.
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Polymers based on chemically modified starch
Horák, Pavel ; Kruliš, Zdeněk ; Šárka, E. ; Kobera, Libor
In our research, we are developing materials based on chemical modified wheat starch ant its derivatives. The starch is esterified with various acids or acid anhydrides, e.g. acetic or propionic acid. Main goal of this work is to determine the degree of substitution, which has significant relevance in study of modified saccharides. it was done using three different techniques - acid-base titration, elemental analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
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Design of technological set of device for production of bioethanol with a yearly capacity up to 500 000 litres.
SLANINKA, Milan
This bachelor thesis deals with the production of bioethanol for the use as fuel. The first theoretical part describes the process of the bioethanol production from the commonly grown cereals, then it focuses on the sources and characteristics of materials that can be used for the bioethanol production, it also follows the legal burden put on such production. The other part of the thesis contains the design of the technological set of devices for the bioethanol production with a given capacity of the yearly production.
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Stewed ham - production,structure,quality
KLIMEŠOVÁ, Hana
This diploma thesis deals with questions of the present meat products market, meat products quality and the relevant legislation with focus on steamed ham. According to the present legislation ham is divided into three categories based on the content of pure muscle protein. The categories are as follows: top-grade quality ham, choice ham and standard ham. Use of starch, food colouring ingredients, fibrous additives, vegetable protein and different animal protein is not allowed with top-grade quality ham and choice ham. Within the practical part of the diploma work twenty samples of ham from all categories were examined. The tests showed that starch was not added to any top-grade quality ham or choice ham. Starch was found only in two samples of standard ham, in which starch addition is allowed by legislation.
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Hydrolysis of potatoes
VLAČIHOVÁ, Andrea
This work compares acid, alkaline and enzymatic hydrolysis of potato starch with simultaneous application of various pressures (0MPa, 0,3MPa and 1MPa). Acid hydrolysis was made by sulphuric acid of intensity 3, 6, 9 and 12 %, alkaline hydrolysis was made by sodium hydroxide of intensity 3, 6, 9 and 12 % and four enzymatic preparations for starch hydrolysis were used for enzymatic hydrolysis. Hydrolysis effect was measured via GE and added by alcohol yield. There was positive influence of increased pressure 0,3MPa and 1Mpa on hydrolysis process visible in this experiment.
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Energy reserves in \kur{Lythrum salicaria} L. over time
KUNC, Dušan
Lythrum salicaria is an invasive plant in North America. The study is focused on carbohydrate reserves (especially starch) in below-ground plant organs of the named species. These energy sources are considered as possible contributors of invasive behaviour both in short and long time periods. Another question is whether these storages can be influenced by other factors. These ideas were tested in common garden experiments.
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Ecological constraints limiting the root-sprouting ability in wetland plant species
SOSNOVÁ, Monika
Wetland plant species rely largely on vegetative reproduction. Although all types of clonal growth organs are found in wetlands, special adaptations, e.g., turions, fragmentation and budding, are more frequent in true aquatic communities. However, root-sprouting is underrepresented, although it can be beneficial under disturbed conditions. This thesis focuses on ecological constrains potentially hindering root-sprouting in wetlands. This ability was studied in a wetland herb Rorippa palustris in relation to life history, injury timing and carbon economy of a plant. In addition, plant regeneration following submergence and severe disturbance was assessed.
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Business plan of Lyckeby Amylex
Hůlová, Marie ; Srpová, Jitka (advisor) ; Chlan, Miloslav (referee)
The biggest producer of potato starch in Czech republic is thinking about using the factory for producing pea starch. There are two reasons, at first quotas for producing potato starch, European Union determines these quotas. Secondly, it's very difficult (financially as well as agronomically) to plant potatoes. The capacity of the factory will be fulfilled and the dependence on one raw material will be reduced, these are the advantages of producing new kind of starch. The aim of this thesis, it's to make the business plan and to consider the reality of this plan.
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