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Effect of selected endocrine disruptors on the male mouse reproductive system in vivo
Žatecká, Eva ; Pěknicová, Jana (advisor) ; Kubelka, Michal (referee) ; Kaňka, Jiří (referee)
In our environment there are many compounds which can negatively influence humans and wildlife. Every day, a vast number of environmental pollutants are released into our environment and there is no way to avoid their exposure. Some of these compounds can even mimic endogenous hormones and interfere with our endocrine system (so called endocrine disruptors), which is the key regulatory system controlling almost all physiological processes in human and animal bodies. Also the reproductive system is largely regulated by various hormones, and their proper function is crucial for gamete formation, fertilization and embryo development. Environmental pollutants are therefore considered as one of the possible causes of increased infertility in human population. This prompted us to study the effect of two endocrine disruptors (tetrabromobisphenol A - TBBPA, and zearalenone - ZEA) on the male mouse reproductive system in vivo. According to our results, TBBPA is able to induce apoptosis as well as changes in the expression of selected testicular genes and sperm protamination. Our results also suggest that permanent exposure to TBBPA slightly enhances its effect in the next generation, depending on whether the parents have been affected or not. We hypothesized that differential protamination of the sperm DNA...
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Variability of water quality parameters in selected reservoirs in Prague
Stará, Eva ; Ettler, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Chalupová, Dagmar (referee)
Small water reservoirs in urban areas have important landscape-forming and environmental roles. However, numerous anthropogenic activities can influence the water quality in these urban ponds. This thesis evaluates and compares the water quality in selected ponds in Prague area (Motol, Stodůlky, Háje) by means of regular water monitoring between May and November 2013. Parameters commonly used as indicators of anthropogenic load were monitored (NO3 - , NH4 + , PO4 3- , Cl- , dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand) and supplemented with the investigation of other chemical and physico-chemical parameters (alkalinity, acidity, water hardness, pH, Ca2+ , NO2 - , specific conductivity). Data were evaluated using Czech technical norm (ČSN - EN 75 7221), which defines five categories of surface water quality. Our data indicated that surface water from reservoirs in Motol exhibited the best water quality (1st category), reservoirs from Stodůlky were slightly polluted and reservoirs from Háje exhibited the poorest water quality (with some parameters exhibiting values corresponding to the 4th category). We found statistically significant correlations between the alkalinity, water hardness, COD and concentrations of NO3 - , Ca2+ , Cl- and PO4 3- . Moreover, numerous parameters are dependent on cumulative...
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Basic haematological parameters and their influencing by pollutants in common carp a review
POLANSKÁ, Daniela
The objective of this study was to describe the methods of determining the main haematological parameters and obtain as much information as possible about pollutants that may influence them. The subject of this thesis is the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). As far as pollutants are concerned, I focused on nitrogen compounds (ammonia, nitrite and cyanide), metals (Zn, Cu, Fe), heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Pb, Cr), petroleum substances, pesticides (organophosphates, triazines and diazines, pyrethroids), pharmaceuticals and natural supplements and persistent organic pollutants. Collected information imply that heavy metals and pesticides have the most important effect on haematological parameters of the common carp. Heavy metals cause changes in haematological parameters and cell anomalies and pesticides may cause haematopoietic failure, which especially means a decrease of number of red blood cells, the concentration of haemoglobin, the haematocrit value and the changes in the presence of different leukocyte forms. This study summarizes the knowledge of the effects of the aforementioned pollutants and highlights the danger of their effect as well as the possible threat to fish health, not just of the common carp. The information dealing with the effects of many pollutants on the blood parameters of fish is missing in available scientific literature.
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Environmental aspects heating
Vypušťáková, Veronika ; Poláčik, Ján (referee) ; Baláš, Marek (advisor)
The topic of this bachelor´s thesis is ecological impacts of heating. The first part contains information on selected pollutants that adversely affect the environment and human health. The second part is devoted to the comparison of pollutants in boilers for solid, liquid and gaseous fuels. The last third part focuses on proposals for measures to eliminate undesirable effects of pollutants.
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The Compliance of Legal Environmental Standards in South Bohemia
JOZÍFKOVÁ, Alena
The aim of the diploma thesis is to assess the compliance of environmental standards in South Bohemia, as well as to evaluate the changes concerning environmental polluters and the condition of South Bohemian environment in last 10 years. The first section is focused on the theoretical attitudes towards environment. General environmental instruments and their practical use in Czech legislation are discussed together with the comparison of the environmental development before and after joining the European Union. Furthermore this section deals with the topic of national and international institutions engaged in the environmental protection. The practical section defines the administrative area of South Bohemia and subsequently analyses the environmental condition in given period of time. Thereafter, the development of the most significant polluters in last 10 years is established with the comparison method. Based on the studies applied, the thesis proposes the way to improve the environmental condition in South Bohemia, discusses the results and follows with the evaluation of the environmental compliance in the examined area.
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