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Photobiont dynamics of Stereocaulon lichens
Vančurová, Lucie ; Škaloud, Pavel (advisor) ; Bérešová, Anna (referee) ; Dal Grande, Francesco (referee)
7 Abstract Lichens are an iconic example of symbiosis. They are widespread throughout the world. In some ecosystems, lichens are dominant autotrophs, sometimes one of the few living organisms capable of surviving local conditions. They grow on a variety of substrata, including artificial surfaces. Great diversity of their life strategies is related to the diversity of symbiotic partners forming the lichen thalli, which remains largely unresearched. Lichens as sessile organisms often have to face a changing environment or adapt to conditions at new localities where their propagules can spread. We have chosen the widespread genus Stereocaulon as a model system for studying symbiotic relationships in lichens and the connection of this relationships with environmental conditions. The main goals of this thesis were (1) to uncover the diversity of phycobionts (i.e., green algal photobionts) associated with Stereocaulon within the whole genus and particular species-level lineages; (2) to identify environmental factors affecting the distribution of phycobionts and their relationships with mycobionts on a global and local scale; and (3) to inspect the possibility of sharing phycobiont pool with other lichens and soil. For this purpose, we used phylogenetic analyses (ITS rDNA, 18S rDNA, rbcL, and actin type I gene),...
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Succession of mollusk assemblages in quarries of Bohemian Karst
Kocurková, Alena ; Juřičková, Lucie (advisor) ; Horsáková, Veronika (referee)
Molluscan succession was studied in 18 abandoned limestone quarries of different age in Bohemian Karst. The number of species in studied quarries increases in the time. The less species were found in the oldest quarries. This trend was probably caused by habitat diversity decline although it is not conclusive. The best predictors of mollusk species composition are type of surrounding vegetation, light and the cover of tree layer. It is important to take into account correlations of the other environmental variables with light and the cover of tree layer. Compositions of mollusk assemblages of north and south-facing slopes differ, but these differences diminish with ongoing succession. Quarries represent suitable model sites for the study of succession.
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The Evolution of Jordanian Political Regime After 1989
Ducháčková, Michaela ; Buben, Radek (advisor) ; Koubek, Jiří (referee)
The aim of this master thesis is to analyze political regime of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and to find out some possible effects, which could have had an influence on its stability and survival in the last 25 years. The Jordanian political regime had gone through several crises in the examined years. Not only did it survive all of them but also became stronger. Which factors caused the survival of the regime? In the first part of the thesis we typologize the regime from three possible perspectives (institutional, formalistic and legitimation). The second part deals with an analysis of factors, which enable the survival of Jordanian political regime. The emphasis is given on the role of institutions.
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Testate succession
Řípa, Jan ; Dvořák, Jan (advisor) ; Elischer, David (referee)
The goal of this diploma thesis was to discuss the issues of testamentary succession, where not only the institute of the last will and testament will be discussed, but also some other legal regulations of the succession rights, that cannot be left out while discussing the issues of testamentary succession. The presented work is devided into six chapters, where the first chapter is started with the introduction word of the author, who introduces the work and puts the reader into the problem. After this a brief digression into the past follows, showing the issues of testamentary succession in the historical context and finally, this chapter is finished with the definition of the valid legal regulation of this time. The second chapter of this work focuses on the main principles of the testamentary succession. Individual principles are named individually and analysed in details, where some of the specific declarations of these rules are explicitly pointed out not only in this chapter, but in the following ones, too. The third chapter focuses in details on individual presumptions that must be individually fullfilled, so that the succession could be possible. These conditions are discussed in individual subchapters called: the death of testator, the existence of decedent's estate, the capacity to inherit, the...
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The effect of soil successional development in spoil heap on plant germination and growth
Pavlíčková, Hana ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Mudrák, Ondřej (referee)
Previous field research show, that late successional species correspond with soil development, especially with organomineral A horizon developing. Aim of my thesis was to compare plant growth on different types of soil from spoil heaps. They were taken from three chronosequencies of different age - nonrecultivated and soils recultivated with planting of alder (Alnus) and spruce (Picea). In my research were used 7 types of plants - Arrhenatherum elatius, Centaureae jacea, Festuca rubra, Lychnis flos-cuculi, Lotus corniculatus, Plantago major, Trifolium medium. Spontaneous sites support more species than reclaimed ones this difference increase with plot age without distinct difference between early and late succession species. Key words Succession, recultivation, germination alder (Alnus), spruce (Picea), Arrhenatherum, Centaureae, Festuca, Lychnis, Lotus, Plantago, Trifolium.
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Succession of spider assemblages in quarries of Bohemian Karst
Siegelová, Eva ; Kubcová, Lenka (advisor) ; Korenko, Stanislav (referee)
In this thesis, the succession of spider assemblages in five limestone quarries of different ages in Bohemian Karst has been studied. The main goal of this paper was studying changes of spider assemblages along successional gradient. Furthermore, different environmental factors affecting spider communities and also assemblages of spider communites in different terraces of the quarry have been studied. Standardized methods (pitfall traps, hanging desk traps, shifting leaf litter, sweeping of herb vegetation, and beating shrubs) have been used for recording the highest possible richness of spiders. The results showed that position of the terraces and the age of the quarry do not affect species richness and density. Species density of epigeic spiders increased significantly with number of the plant species. The results showed that spiders do not have their own succession, but they are following vegetational succession. The environmental factors which affect species composition of spiders from the pitfall traps are positon of terraces, shading and moss cover. Although the age of the quarry was insignificant for spiders from pitfall traps, every quarry was inhabited by different spider communities. Shrubs and tree-dwelling spiders showed correlations with the age of the quarry. Data recorded from...
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Effects of wild ungulates on vegetation in an abandoned landscape
Horčičková, Eva ; Herben, Tomáš (advisor) ; Diekmann, Martin (referee) ; Tichý, Lubomír (referee)
Wild ungulates are considered one of the major drivers for shaping terrestrial ecosystems, which has been developing since the early Cenozoic. Understanding the effects of ungfulates on vegetation is necessary for qualified knowledge how European landscape looked prior to human habitation and how it would look like without human intervention. Further, such understanding is of practical importance as management information necessary for managing abandoned landscapes. While the present-day wild ungulate European fauna does not contain several large grazers like auroch (Bos primigenius) anymore, the landscape has long been affected by them. It thus possesses historical experience of response to large grazers, which has been further maintained by livestock grazing. Importantly, the European landscape is experiencing a steady increase of populations of deer (Cervidae) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) with major effects of vegetation and landscape structure. While the effects of these present-day dominants have been studied mainly in forest habitats, there is a growing evidence that they both promote species diversity of forest understory and, interestingly, preferably feed in open vegetation and thus can affect broader landscape heterogeneity. The main aim of this thesis is therefore to examine effects of...
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Factors influencing the distribution of European Beech (Fagus silvatica) on the post mining spoil heap
Vobořilová, Veronika ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (referee)
In this thesis the influence of existing vegetation, the distance from the north border of the spoil heap, animal grazing, terrain bumpiness, and soil pH on the distribution and rooting of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica) at spoil heap Velká podkrušnohorská výsypka (50ř14'09 N, 12ř39'05 E) was examined. To accomplish this, beech seedlings within chosen areas overgrown by spontaneous succession or alder restoration were mapped using GPS. A rooting position on the wave-like terrain was recorded for a proportion of the total number of seedlings. Soil pH was also measured on the wave-like terrain. The majority of seedlings (183) were found at the succession sites; only one seedling was found in the alder restoration site. The GLM analysis proved significantly more seedlings in succession sites compared to alder restoration sites (p = 0.0169) and the negative dependence on distance from the north border of the heap (p < 0.0001). Within the wave-like terrain, 46% of seedlings were growing on the north slopes. In 2009, small seedlings were planted into the fresh restoration site and the adjacent succession site, in both cases inside the fencing and outside of it. The seedlings were growing significantly better in the succession site compared to the restoration site, and they were growing better inside the...
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Plant-soil feedback as a mechanism affect species diverzity of communities
Vondráková, Zuzana ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Janoušková, Martina (referee)
Plant-soil feedback is known as the interaction between plant and soil. There is the feedback, when plant affect soil during their roots and on the other side soil affect growth and development through the change of their biotic and abiotic conditions. The plant-soil feedback is important mechanism of affecting plants or their competitive plant species through the soil. In this thesis I would like to summarize the functioning of the plant-soil feedback and factors which influence the feedback, the effect of feedback on the species diversity of plant communities, role in secondary succession, invasion and during coexistence of different species. I would like to point out, in which cases this feedback was confirmed experimentally and which experimental methods are used in the study of plant-soil feedback.
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Comparison of selected traits at conspecific plants in disturbed and stressed environments localized within industrial waste deposits and their surroundings in landscape
Glier, Adam ; Kovář, Pavel (advisor) ; Štefánek, Michal (referee)
This study is oriented on the assessment of selected traits at conspecific plant which spontaneously colonize interior space within abandoned industrial area and/or deposits, and those ones occurred in adjacent vicinity. The work continues in previous studies concentrated on abandoned mine tailing containments where some important outputs consist of differences in plant adaptive strategies, growth rate, phenology, body size, ways of dispersal, ecophysiological or genetic parameters (Bryndová et Kovář 2004, Mrázek 2004, Zákravský et al. 2004, Jarolímová 2004, Kovář et al. 2004, Jiráčková et Dostál 2004, Kovář et Herben 2004, Dostál et Kovář 2013, Štefánek 2015, Urbanová et al. 2017). A part of the study includes the significance of small and large genomes at both types of habitats within defined phylogenetic framework. In other words - testing of the hypothesis: There is functional significance of small versus large genomes of plant species by comparing their occurrence in unreclaimed toxic deposits (landscape islands) with their populations from neighbouring habitats (large scale level). Key words unreclaimed industrial deposits in landscape, abandoned mine tailings, genome size, flow cytometry, conspecific taxons, plant traits, colonization, succession, disturbance, stress, restoration ecology,...
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