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Enzyme-triggered polymer probes for fluorescence-guided surgery of solid tumors
Horáková, Lenka ; Etrych, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kaňa, Martin (referee)
This work is focused on the synthesis of macromolecular hydrophilic polymer conjugates with fluorophores for visualization of solid tumors. These polymer probes were designed for their utilization within the image-guided endoscopic surgery, where the boundaries of the tumor tissue would be fluorescently marked after i.v. administration. Polymer carriers should provide prolonged circulation of the probe in the body and the transport of the fluorescent dye into the desired place. Polymer probes based on N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers prepared by radical copolymerization containing fluorescent dye cyanine7-NH2 (Cy7- NH2) were synthetized and evaluated. The dye was conjugated to the carrier via an enzymatically cleavable peptide linker, specifically Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly and Val-Cit-4-aminobenzylalcohol. The enzymatic hydrolysis of these polymer conjugates was studied using a model lysosomal enzyme cathepsin B. In vitro study was carried out using hypopharyngeal cancer cell line FaDu, in which the internalization of the probes into cells and accumulation in cell compartments was evaluated by the fluorescent confocal microscopy. Key words: nanomaterials, polymer probes, fluorescence, EPR effect [IN CZECH]
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Development and preparation of antimcrobial nanostructure biomaterials
Drabíková, Nela ; Skoumalová, Petra (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
The presented diploma thesis deals with the optimalisation of preparation and the preparation of combined nanostructured antimicrobial biomaterials itself. In the theoretical part, a review focused on used materials and consequently preparation of nanoparticles and nanofibers was elaborated. Furthermore, the used antimicrobial substances – curcumin and ampicillin, and the principle of cytotoxicity assay were described.In practical part the optimalisation process is described. Furthermore the safety of prepared materials and used antimicrobial substances on HaCaT cell line was tested, in order to confirm their possible further use in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry. Great part of the thesis deals with evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of used substances and prepared combined nanomaterials on multiple microorganisms from grampositive bacteria, gramnegative bacteria and yeasts. Also the release speed of antimicrobial substances from prepared nanomaterials was determined by spectrophotometer. The amount of released ampicillin from prepared nanomaterials was determined by liquid chromatography.
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Automatisation of an experimental setup for optical spectroscopy
Hrabina, Jakub ; Gallina, Pavel (referee) ; Dvořák, Petr (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the development and description of an application that enabled full automation of an experimental assembly for spectral mapping using confocal optical microscopy. It presents communication with all individual devices and explains the principle of data collection from the examined sample and their subsequent mathematical processing. The output of this application is the visualization of 2D spectral maps evaluating the intensity and position of spectral peaks, with the possibility of exporting user-friendly point spectra. In addition, the work further describes a research study of optical confocal spectroscopy with applications to nanophotonics. In addition, the functionality of the whole application is demonstrated on the spectral response of a 2D metasurface, which acts as a Bayer mask.
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Toxicity and environmental fate of nanoscale zerovalent iron
Semerád, Jaroslav
Nowadays, nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) is a nanomaterial commonly used in remediation practice. Although worldwide applications of nZVI have shown its effectiveness in degradation and immobilization of a wide range of organic and inorganic pollutants, potential negative effects of nZVI on exposed organisms have not been sufficiently explored. To avoid possible environmental risks, understanding of the mechanism of nZVI toxicity and its overall effects on microbial populations indigenous to remediation sites is needed. The presented thesis summarizes current knowledge of nZVI toxicity, and, moreover, deals with the development and application of a new test for in vitro evaluation of acute toxicity caused by newly developed nZVI-based materials. Additionally, in this thesis, the risk associated with changes in the toxicity of the aforementioned materials during the aging process was examined. In the last part, the effect of several nZVI-based materials on microbial communities of a real contaminated soil was monitored and evaluated using artificial microcosms. In addition, in this part, the potential of nZVI and its derived materials in combination with a biostimulation step during nanobioremediation is outlined.
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Flexible generators of electrical energy
Tesařová, Tereza ; Holcman, Vladimír (referee) ; Tofel, Pavel (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on actual research part of energy harvesting technologies – flexible electrical generators, which mean the special generating of electricity using specific flexible materials. The net charge result is affected by the incidental mechanism to transform certain energy form into electrical power and is influenced of material range, which determines what will be harnessed as a source of energy. The energy harvesting is aiming at producing alternative and efficient ways instead of harmful and strained manufacture processing.
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Posouzení životního cyklu produkce nanocelulózy ze dřeva : případová studie pro Českou republiku
Pajdla, Marek
This diploma thesis focuses on understanding the nanocellulose and production routes of this nano-scale cellulosic material. In the literature review, there is an overview of different production routes including pretreatment and treatment processes of biomass fibers and list of main global producers of nanocellulose currently available on the market. The practical part includes collected cost inputs for four different production scenarios which are: (1) enzymatic pretreatment with microfluidization treatment, (2) carboxymethylation pretreatment with microfluidization treatment, (3) enzymatic pretreatment with high-pressure homogenization treatment and (4) carboxymethylation pretreatment with high-pressure homogenization treatment. Costs of these four production routes are compared for three locations in the Czech Republic and contrasted with the cost of purchase of nanocellulose from abroad.
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Nanotoxikologie pokročilých materiálů =: Nanotoxicology of advanced materials /
Michálková, Hana
Nowadays, a wide range of nanoparticles is used in different fields of human acti-vities. These relatively are well-researched. However, with the development of new nanomaterials, new possibilities for their use both in nanomedicine and in other fields are possible. This phenomenon is accompanied by potential toxic risks of these mate-rials. The presented thesis deals with the extensive topic of cytotoxicity of both nanoma-terials and their modification for better binding of cytostatics to increase their effi-cacy. Experimental work is focused on the interaction of nanomaterials with the cells and their environment, the determination of the toxicity of nanomaterials and their potential use in nanomedicine. The main aim of my thesis was to prepare a comprehensive summary about nano-materials, their physico-chemical properties, to modify nanoparticles surface to provi-de an entity for targeted drug delivery and to test cytotoxicity on selected cell lines.
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Lignocellulosic Nanomaterials: Preparation, Characterization and Applications
Mishra, Pawan Kumar
In this thesis, Brewers Spent Grains (BSG), which is commonly available by-product from brewing industry was used to prepare CNF and characterized for morphological, chemical and thermal characteristics and Kraft lignin was used to synthesize lignin-based solid and hollow colloids and characterized, an application in UV protection was studied. In application, applications in drug delivery and nanobiocomposites were studied. To study application in drug delivery review of metal and ceramic nanoparticles were made and the anticancer drug was loaded on CNF aerogel and tested for drug release studies (our contribution was to prepare Nanocellulose based scaffold and help in the morphological evaluation, rest of the work was done by a collaborating group). In nanocomposites, a book chapter was written enlisting biopolymers including nanocellulose with title smart nanocomposites in food packaging.
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Toxicity and environmental fate of nanoscale zerovalent iron
Semerád, Jaroslav
Nowadays, nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) is a nanomaterial commonly used in remediation practice. Although worldwide applications of nZVI have shown its effectiveness in degradation and immobilization of a wide range of organic and inorganic pollutants, potential negative effects of nZVI on exposed organisms have not been sufficiently explored. To avoid possible environmental risks, understanding of the mechanism of nZVI toxicity and its overall effects on microbial populations indigenous to remediation sites is needed. The presented thesis summarizes current knowledge of nZVI toxicity, and, moreover, deals with the development and application of a new test for in vitro evaluation of acute toxicity caused by newly developed nZVI-based materials. Additionally, in this thesis, the risk associated with changes in the toxicity of the aforementioned materials during the aging process was examined. In the last part, the effect of several nZVI-based materials on microbial communities of a real contaminated soil was monitored and evaluated using artificial microcosms. In addition, in this part, the potential of nZVI and its derived materials in combination with a biostimulation step during nanobioremediation is outlined.
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Toxicity and environmental fate of nanoscale zerovalent iron
Semerád, Jaroslav ; Cajthaml, Tomáš (advisor) ; Uhlík, Ondřej (referee) ; Kočí, Vladimír (referee)
Nowadays, nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) is a nanomaterial commonly used in remediation practice. Although worldwide applications of nZVI have shown its effectiveness in degradation and immobilization of a wide range of organic and inorganic pollutants, potential negative effects of nZVI on exposed organisms have not been sufficiently explored. To avoid possible environmental risks, understanding of the mechanism of nZVI toxicity and its overall effects on microbial populations indigenous to remediation sites is needed. The presented thesis summarizes current knowledge of nZVI toxicity, and, moreover, deals with the development and application of a new test for in vitro evaluation of acute toxicity caused by newly developed nZVI-based materials. Additionally, in this thesis, the risk associated with changes in the toxicity of the aforementioned materials during the aging process was examined. In the last part, the effect of several nZVI-based materials on microbial communities of a real contaminated soil was monitored and evaluated using artificial microcosms. In addition, in this part, the potential of nZVI and its derived materials in combination with a biostimulation step during nanobioremediation is outlined.
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