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"Human Laughter, Class Struggle Hatred": Art and Political Parties Propaganda in Czechoslovakia between 1918 and 1939
TOMÁŠ, Adam
This research is aimed to interpret some of the important moments during the time between the two world wars in Czechoslovakia, mainly their visual aspect such as propaganda material and specific mythology. Theoretical prologue is followed by twelve more or less autonomous chapters focused on individual phenomenons, especially political caricature, as being reflected in the press of the first Czechoslovak republic. Introductional theoretical chapters cover the problematic of propaganda, as well as other particularly linguistic fields, which at that time were newly applied to visual image. The issues mentioned, along with Roland Barthes' similar approach, lay groundwork for us to understand the idea of propagandistic power of image, such as enemy stereotypes, antisemitism, or ideologically biased image of tramping. The themes of the chapters were chosen in such a way, so that they would describe important events and phenomenons of the 1918-1939 era in Czechoslovakia, with emphasis on their ambivalence as well as on the fact that they are open to a new interpretation. This specific approach was also the reason why I omitted events such as establishment of the republic or the Munich Agreement from the thesis - we can consider the propaganda related references of these events in periodical press of the time as straightforward, and therefore not needed to be discussed. The most traditional propaganda material, for example fliers during election time, were not covered for the very same reason. I have intentionally placed the partially separate topic of national Sokol meetings, interpreted as the live image of the ruling democratic discourse in Czechoslovakia, at the end of my thesis.
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The Child as an Instrument of Ideological Manipulation
KRYGAROVÁ, Adéla
The diploma thesis focuses on a child as a tool of ideological manipulation in interwar journals targeted to children readers, especially on ideological connotations in the journals. The thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part will deal with the meaning of the term ideology, its conceptions and values. Subsequently, the position of ideology in the society will be defined with the main focus on ideology as a system of communication. Furthermore, the concepts of individual political ideologies will be elaborated as much as schematization of ideology within the left-wing and right-wing political parties. To understand better the term ideology and to simplify the following process in the practical part of the thesis the historical changes of the ideology and its politicization will be described. Lastly, the perception of ideology in interwar period will be adumbrated. In the practical part of the thesis the chosen interwar journals targeted to children readers will be analysed in terms of ideology. The journals will be chosen according to their affiliation to certain, not only politically oriented, associations. The degree of political agitation and the use of a child as an agitation tool will be examined in these interwar journals: Anděl strážný (1882-1941, 1945-1948), Lípa (1925-1940), Malý čtenář (1882-1941), Rajská zahrádka (1892-1942), Růžový palouček (1921-1941, 1948/1949), Sokolské jaro (1936-1941), Svítání (1915-1918) a Zlatá brána (1919-1943).
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Labour and value. Karl Marx in the light of Phenomenology of life
Jiskra, Martin ; Novotný, Karel (advisor) ; Benyovszky, Ladislav (referee) ; Karul, Róbert (referee)
The doctoral thesis examines the concepts of labour and value which we attempt to contain by means of phenomenological interpretation of alienation, brought forward by french philosopher Michel Henry in his two-part book about Marx, written in the 1970s. The challenge of such a project results naturally both from the extent and from fragmentary nature of Marx's own work. Our intention to understand Marx's thinking in the unity of its diversity is at first sight reflected in fact that we try to follow its evolution step by step from its early stages to the late phase, in other words from the problems of labour in terms of critic of the reality of alienation to the economic nature of evaluation of value. Nevertheless, we do have reason to hope that beyond this formalistic approach we would have found hidden, so to say profound sens, which should appear by devoloping different forms of the concept of alienation. By the examination of Marx's work we proceed from the assumption that the concept of alienation claims the role of inner bond that holds his whole work together, thus the methods of young and late Marx, in spite of particular changes, complement and support each other because, at the and of the day, they grow up from the same basis: the critic of the alienation of life as such. Keywords...
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The problematics of art in public space during the period of normalization on the example of the Prague metro
Němcová, Alice ; Pech, Milan (advisor) ; Czumalo, Vladimír (referee) ; Rathouská Štroblová, Kateřina (referee)
The problematics of art in public space during the period of normalization on the example of the Prague metro This thesis deals with the problematics of art in public space during the period of normalization on the example of the Prague metro. The premises of metro required formal restrictions on the artworks that were intended to embellish it. For security reasons the artworks were not allowed to be on the platforms, nor in the central access tunnel, and could appear only in the vestibules and public passages or on street level at the exits from stations. On the one hand Prague metro had a clearly political component, emphasizing the friendly relationships with the Soviet Union and the key importance of the involvement of Soviet experts for the existence of modern transport systems in Prague. On the other hand, the same project made it possible to involve artists whose independent work was rejected by the regime. At the beginning of the text, I summarize the history of the Prague metro and the phenomenon of underground transport as such, followed by a section devoted to the influence of the Moscow metro on the Prague environment. The main portion of the thesis is dedicated to the art general, circumstances of the origin of artworks, assessment, financing, and realization of works of art in the...
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Propaganda in Sport: The exploitation of athletes by the Nazi regime
Reisner, Rudolf ; Suk, Pavel (advisor) ; Končelík, Jakub (referee)
This thesis deals with the misuse of the phenomenon of sport and athletes themselves for the purposes of Nazi propaganda. The thesis is introduced by the theoretical grounding of the phenomenon of sport in society, its political significance and the relationship between the media and sport. The term propaganda, its history and typology, and types of propaganda are also introduced. The chapter then turns to the topic of Nazi propaganda itself - the Nazi ideology, the foundations of Nazi propaganda and the means it employed, including its focus on sport and physical culture, are introduced. After a theoretical introduction, the thesis introduces personalities and events that are subjected to a qualitative content analysis in the contemporary media (Nazi, Sudeten German and Czechoslovak) and on whose example the manifestations of propaganda will be examined. The first of these personalities to be examined is the German boxer Max Schmeling, in the context of his victory in a fight with the dark- skinned American boxer Joe Louis in June 1936, which was a fitting confirmation of the theory of white supremacy for German propaganda. The second figure under examination is the dark- skinned American sprinter Jesse Owens, who became a symbol of the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin by winning four gold medals, thus...
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The image of a socialist citizen in the normalization series of Czechoslovak television
Müllerová, Anne-Marie ; Bednařík, Petr (advisor) ; Štoll, Martin (referee)
This diploma thesis tackles selected series of Czechoslovak Television from the normalization era. Series are examined on the basis of predefined categories. In this work, the author focuses on the everyday life of the main characters. We can classify the categories into two types - the personal and professional lives of the main characters are mainly examined. During the period of normalization, television viewers were exposed to everyday propaganda, which also became part of television production. In drama gendre, the protagonists of the series were to present patterns of behavior for the average socialist citizen. For this research were selected following series from normalization era: Muž na radnici (1976), Žena za pultem (1977), Nemocnice na kraji města (1978 and 1981) and Iženýrská odysea (1979). The author first introduces the reader to the historical context that is important for this topic. The analytical part of the work deals with the description and analysis of individual series and is answering to research questions. The reality of series is presented and than confronted with the reality of normalization era. Based on the analysis, it was confirmed that the main characters of the series represented certain patterns for the audience. E.g. The main hero of Muž na radnici, František...
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