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Impactor for fine particle collection
Paulíková, Kateřina ; Šnajdárek, Ladislav (referee) ; Pospíšil, Jiří (advisor)
This master thesis provides an overview of fine particles contained in the air and possibilities for their analysis, measurement and capture. In the beginning, the fine particle's size and origin is described. Then, the influence of fine particles on human health is stated. Next, methods of air analysis and fine particle's measurement are presented. Legislation for emissions and immissions in the Czech Republic is summarized. Finally the selected types of impactors are introduced. The practical part consists of three chapters. First chapter contains the fundamental calculation procedure and its subsequent refinement. In the following part the comparison of the calculation procedure with the parameters of the commercial impactor is provided. Lastly, the design of the impactor is created for the specified parameters using the developed calculation procedure.
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Electrostatic precipitator for household wood firing boiler
Preisler, Lukáš ; Skála, Zdeněk (referee) ; Brázdil, Marian (advisor)
This diploma thesis aims on the development of an experimental electrostatic precipitator for household wood firing boiler. First, a literature review was conducted, aiming on the description of the precipitator using physical relations and, on its basis, a numerical model was created. By applying the numerical model, the precipitator configuration was designed as well as the engineering design of the whole system. The chosen configuration was validated by measurement using the corona discharge starting at voltage of 6,5 kV. By applying modifications, the electrostatic precipitator was built and tested during a running boiler. Due to flue gas condensation and load, corona discharge did not initiate, and the parameters were not validated. Modifications in the construction design were suggested leading to launch the electrostatic precipitator. The main requirement is a surface finishing of wire hinging components.
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Effect of ESP on distribution and chemical composition of particles from biomass combustion
Preisler, Lukáš ; Köbölová, Klaudie (referee) ; Adamec, Vladimír (advisor)
Biomass combustion causes a significant number of particles that, released into the atmosphere, negatively affect human health. Knowledge of the size and composition of the particles is essential for possible flue gas separation by electrostatic precipitation technology. This technology is developed and used in large power plants, but the electrostatic precipitation in domestic boilers is rare. This work describes the methods of fine particle formation and their size distribution and composition. Measurement methods of chemical composition and the size distribution are provided. According to a review, the effect of electrostatic precipitator on size distribution and chemical composition is discussed. In the experimental part, fine particles were sampled from the flue gas of a domestic wood pellet boiler containing an experimental electrostatic precipitator. Due to operational reasons, the electrostatic precipitator did not run during sampling. Flue gas condensed on the inner surface of the flue. The particles were sampled on filters at the beginning and the end of the flue. The filter was analyzed on an electron microscope.
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Aerosol in indoor microenviroment of homes
Pařík, Radim ; Braniš, Martin (advisor) ; Hovorka, Jan (referee)
This literature review is composed of resources from Web of Science. The study deals with problematics of the indoor air pollution of homes. It is focused on the aerosol, especially PM2,5 particles, which present the biggest danger for human health. This work points out the analysis of indoor and outdoor emission sources, distribution of particles, levels of pollution in the different geografical, social and cultural regions and health effects of these particles. Key words: aerosol, homes, indoor environment, air quality, fine particles
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Impactor for laboratory capture of fine particles
Kodad, Daniel ; Poláčik, Ján (referee) ; Pospíšil, Jiří (advisor)
The focus of this master’s thesis is the issue of fine dust particles suspended in the air and their measurement. The thesis explains the basic characteristics of fine particles and the rules, which they follow. The section then examines the health risks of inhaled particles. Next is explained the influence of particles in the air on the environment, the historical development of the air pollution in the Czech Republic and the most important pollutants. After that is described the legislation, which frames the limits for pollutants suspended in the air. In the practical part is described the methods for calculation the geometry of cascade impactor, the design of three-stage impactor and finally the comparison with professional impactor. The designed impactor was then constructed and tested with wood burning stove as a source of particles.
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The concentration of fine particles in the indoor environment of buildings
Turčina, Lukáš ; Linda, Jakub (referee) ; Köbölová, Klaudia (advisor)
The issue of health is given a great deal of attention. However, human health is mainly affected by what enters the human body during life. Therefore, the emphasis is mainly on the quality of water, food, air or the overall environment in which people live. This bachelor thesis is focused on the issue of fine particles in the indoor environment of buildings, in which people spend most of their lives. Many of these particles enter the ambient air from the daily processes that people perform in the households. A high concentration of fine particles results in a greater probability of these particles entering the human body, where they can subsequently cause serious health problems. The theoretical part deals not only with the structure, size and impact of fine particles on the environment, but also on techniques for identification and measurement of fine particles, or methods of indoor air purification. The practical part is focused on the experimental measurement of fine particles in the indoor environment of buildings during everyday activities such as cooking, cleaning or using some equipment. The measurement results have shown that, especially during cooking and baking, a huge amount of particles enters the indoor air, especially PM1 particles, which have not yet received sufficient attention. Therefore, it is important to find suitable measures to eliminate these particles.
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Fine particles emitted from a heat source into the indoor environment
Hájek, Jiří ; Köbölová, Klaudia (referee) ; Pospíšil, Jiří (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis deals with fine particles emitted to indoor space during combustion in fireplace stowes. The beginning of work is focused on the description of biomass and its combustion. In the following part the pollutants, which are produced by combustion of bio-mass are mentioned, and last but not least is attention focused on current air quality in Czech Republic methods of measure of solid pollutants and measuring equipment. Calculation of concentration is closely described in the experimental part, and then the data, which was measured on different modes of operations of fireplace stowes, is presented.
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Impact of Operation Parameters on Fine Combustion Particles Concentration in the Flue Gas of Biomass Boilers
Poláčik, Ján ; Masaryk, Michal (referee) ; Adamec, Vladimír (referee) ; Pospíšil, Jiří (advisor)
This work deals with the impact of operating parameters on fine combustion particles formation in the flue gas of biomass combustion device. The research part of the work describes the properties of fine particles, its basic division, impact on human health and the environment. The basic knowledge of the influence of biomass combustion process on fine particles production up to 1 µm in size is summarized. The main part describes the experimental setup for evaluating the size distribution of fine particles. The following section describes the experimental setup with measured results for various combustion parameters in laboratory combustion, automatic boilers, as well as in the manual wood-burning combustion device. The main parameters which were tested were combustion temperature, oxygen amount, type of fuel and geometry of the burned biomass. The impact of individual parameters on the formation of the fine particles is evaluated. The final part of the thesis summarizes the ways in which it is possible to significantly influence the emissions of fine particles by the appropriate choice of combustion operating parameters.
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Thermal stability of the biomass combustion process
Grygar, Jan ; Špiláček, Michal (referee) ; Poláčik, Ján (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on fne particles, which are produced by small combustion units, and their reduction. The frst chapter deals with the issue of fne particles, their creation, composition and their impact on man and the enviroment. The last chapter deals with the design of solution for reducing of emissions of small biomass combustion units.
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Fine particles and air-cleaning
Bírošíková, Martina ; Sitek, Tomáš (referee) ; Poláčik, Ján (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with issues with fine and ultrafine particles, also called particulate matter, which is strongly associated with enviromental problems and negative effect on human health, especially cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this work is to describe the formation and characteristics of fine particles produced by biomass combustion. The experimental part firstly explains funcional principle of used devices and then compares measured concentrations of ultra fine particles produced by combustion of spruce and beech wood. In the end, several posibilites how to eliminate the air pollutants are presented.
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