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Detection of Related Proteins with Modified Function
Hon, Jiří ; Bendl, Jaroslav (referee) ; Martínek, Tomáš (advisor)
Protein engineering is a young dynamic discipline with great amount of potential practical applications. However, its success is primarily based on perfect knowledge and usage of all existing information about protein function and structure. To achieve that, protein engineering is supported by plenty of bioinformatic tools and analysis. The goal of this project is to create a new tool for protein engineering that would enable researchers to identificate related proteins with modified function in still growing biological databases. The tool is designed as an automated workflow of existing bioinformatic analyses that leads to identification of proteins with the same type of enzymatic function, but with slightly modified properties - primarily in terms of selectivity, reaction speed and stability.
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Attributes Calculating for Prediction of Effects of Mutation on Protein Function
Matějíček, Jiří ; Burgetová, Ivana (referee) ; Jaša, Petr (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the bioinformatics techniques for the acquisition of attributes useful for prediction of mutation effects on the protein function. The work primarily aims to develop a user-friendly application for calculation of attributes of mutations from the protein sequence and structure. The developed application serves for integration of specialized tools such as FoldX. The standardized interface enables to implement additional computational tools and collect a diverse set of attributes from different sources. These attribute sets can then serve as an input for different prediction methods and help to improve predictions of mutation effects.
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Numerical representations of protein sequences for classification
Bartoň, Vojtěch ; Škutková, Helena (referee) ; Maděránková, Denisa (advisor)
Todays we have the opportunity to analyze huge sets of genomics and proteomics data. In my bachaleor thesis I introduce a few numerical alternatives to represent proteins. The usage of numerical representations opened the way to analyze proteomics data as digital signals, which bring us quantity of new possibilities how to process the protein. In my thesis I compare a few numerical representation with standard taxonomy and with symbolic representation too.
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Reconstruction of Repetitive DNA Segments
Bikár, Robert ; Lexa, Matej (referee) ; Martínek, Tomáš (advisor)
Hlavní motivací diplomové práce bylo najít vhodný algoritmus, který by vytvořil grafovou reprezentaci NGS sekvenačních dat v lineárním čase. Zvolenou metodou pro reprezentaci je de Bruijnův graf. V další části práce byl navrhnut nástroj, který je schopen transformovat graf do přijatelné podoby pro vykreslování, a dále je schopen odstraňovat chyby, které vznikají při konstrukci grafu. Cílem práce je vytvořit nástroj, který rekonstruuje repetitivní segmenty v DNA. Implementovaný nástroj byl otestován a je schopen identifikovat opakující se segmenty, určit jejich typy, vizualizovat je a sestavit jejich sekvenci na jednodušších genomech s velkou přesnotí. Při použití složitějších genomů, nástroj nalezne pouze fragmenty repetitivních segmentů.
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Bioinformatic Tool for Estimation of Abundances of Bacterial Functional Molecules in Biological Samples Based on 16S rRNA Metagenomic Data
Bieliková, Michaela ; Hon, Jiří (referee) ; Smatana, Stanislav (advisor)
Ľudské telo je prostredím pre život neuveriteľného množstva mikróbov. Niektoré z nich môžu spôsobovať rôzne choroby, ale ďalšie, napríklad črevný mikrobióm, sú pre život a zdravie človeka nepostrádateľné. Nanešťastie, črevný mikrobióm nie je detailne preštudovaný, pretože obsahuje tisíce rôznych druhov baktérií, z ktorých väčšina sa nedá kultivovať v laboratórnych podmienkach. Riešením tohto problému sú nové rýchle metódy sekvenovania v kombináciou s bioinformatickými nástrojmi na výpočet funkčného profilu baktérií vo vzorke. V tejto práci si predstavíme existujúce nástroje predpovedajúce funkčný profil, a následne navrhneme nový nástroj, ktorý môže implementovať konsenzus nad výsledkami existujúcich nástrojov, alebo sa môže jednať o úplne nový nástroj.
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Bioinformatics Tool for Transposons Annotation
Jenčo, Michal ; Martínek, Tomáš (referee) ; Puterová, Janka (advisor)
This thesis provides theoretical resources for the design of a new bioinformatics tool for transposon annotation with focus on their additional structural elements. There is a biological description of transposons, the mobile elements in DNA, their classification and structure. It further deals with the overview and classification of available transposon identification and annotation bioinformatics tools, description of function and implementation of a select few. Next we state the scheme of a new bioinformatics tool for LTR retrotransposon identification and annotation with a focus on extra ORFs and tandem repeats. The functionality of this new tool was tested on the A. thaliana genome. We identified 95 groups of conserved extra ORFs and 10 groups of conserved tandem repeats.
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Studying of Gene Expression Involved in Hyaluronic Acid Synthesis in Streptococcus Equi Subsp. Zooepidemicus Using DNA Microarrays and Real-Time PCR
Hrudíková, Radka ; Šeda,, Ondřej (referee) ; Bobek,, Jan (referee) ; Velebný, Vladimír (advisor)
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an important substance, which is mostly used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. This substance is commonly found in the human body. HA is one of the factors contributing to virulence of microorganisms. Some bacterial strains produce hyaluronic acid in the form of a mucoid capsule that encapsulates the cell to protect bacteria against the immune system of the host organism. One of the main producers is the bacterial strain Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus. Contipro a.s. uses the strain CO4A to produce hyaluronic acid in large scale. The production strain was obtained by random mutagenesis by UV light. The aim of the work was to study changes in the genome, which led to a significant increase in hyaluronic acid production, using DNA microarray and real-time PCR (qPCR). The genome of the strain CO4A was sequenced and compared to reference ATCC35246 [1]. The size of the genome is 2,167,251 bp and 83 relevant variants (59 SNV and 34 indels) have been identified. Variants in coding regions were annotated and amino acid sequence changes were determined. In SNV mutations there was a change in the amino acid sequence in 45 cases. The change was identified in every case of indel mutations. The expression level of selected groups of genes was monitored in both strains by the method of DNA microarrays. A cascade of increased expression level of amino sugar metabolism genes leading to the synthesis of UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine was observed in strain CO4A (the increase in expression level of these genes compared to ATCC35246 was on average 28 %). Subsequently, the expression of selected genes was verified by qPCR. There was no significant difference in the expression level of the has operon genes of both strains. The effect of supplementation of the culture medium with N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), which is one of the precursors of HA synthesis, was also studied by qPCR. A positive effect of the supplementation of the culture medium with external GlcNAc in the CO4A strain has been recorded. Also, the supplementation has positive effect on the yield of HA from the medium (increase in yield was on average by 17 %). GlcNAc has been shown to have a positive effect on the yield of HA in ATCC35246 strain as well (increase in yield was 9 % on average), but no significant changes in the expression levels were found in selected groups of genes in ATCC35246.
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Attributes Calculation for Prediction of Mutation Effect on Protein Function
Šinkora, Jan ; Filák, Jakub (referee) ; Jaša, Petr (advisor)
This thesis deals with issues of bioinformatics, machine learning, algorithms and data structures. The thesis is based on existing applications, Caver and Deleterious, developed by students from the Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University and the Faculty of Information Technology, Brno University of Technology. The Deleterious framework calculates protein attributes that are important for the prediction of the effect of protein mutations on its function. Caver is a tool that finds tunnels in the 3-dimensional model of a protein. The goal of the thesis is to extend these applications by adding more attributes to the prediction process that could lead to improved prediction. The added attributes are related to detection and measurement of protein pockets.
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Analysis of C. necator genome changes after evolutionary adaptation
Kroupa, Štěpán ; Obruča, Stanislav (referee) ; Brázda, Václav (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis deals with analysis of mutations in bacterial populations of Cupriavidus necator H16 evolved in distinct stress conditions. This analysis was performed by processing data from the genome sequencing method „Next Generation Sequencing“, outsourced through the company DNALink. A list of mutations for each adapted population was constructed through bioinformatic methods. These mutations were then associated with specific areas of the reference Cupriavidus necator H16 genome from NCBI and analysed according to available information. Finally, the effect of these mutations on production of storage polymers polyhydroxyalkanoates was discussed.
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Signal processing based methods for genome assembly refinement
Jugas, Robin ; Provazník, Ivo (referee) ; Sedlář, Karel (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with sequencing methods and genome assembly methods including usage of numerical representations. The theoretical part of thesis describes the history of DNA research, generations of sequencing methods, the assembly methods themselves and definiton of numerical representations. Numerical represenatations serve to convert character form of DNA to numerical form and so allow to use digital signal processing methods. There is an algorithm for genome assembly using numerical represenatation proposed in thesis, which is later tested at sequence data.
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