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The effects of advertising on children's eating habits and its regulations
Bičovská, Dana ; Postler, Milan (advisor) ; Mikeš, Jiří (referee)
This thesis deals with the effects of advertising on children's eating habits in relation to its regulations. The aim is to analyze the impact of advertising on children in this sensitive area and assess whether the current regulations are sufficient. This thesis is divided into two parts, the first of which is devoted to the theory and the second applies this knowledge into practice. The first chapter of the theoretical part describes the principles of marketing, the second one is devoted to marketing and commercial communications, specifically to advertising as one of the forms. In the third chapter the topic of marketing segmentation is discussed and the last part deals with children as a specific consumer in relation to advertising, including connection with their eating habits. In the practical part the research was conducted in order to determine how much children are influenced by food product advertising. Based on the results individual knowledge was summarized.
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Eating habits of children and youth in selected schools
OHEROVÁ, Martina
Over the last decade, there is an enormous increase in the number of children and young people with health problems due to the non-compliant boarding. This is not only about overweight or obesity, the problem is much broader spectrum - diseases such as diabetes mellitus 2nd type, high blood pressure, high level of cholesterol and other cardiovaskular problems do not affect only adults anymore. This work is focused on primary school pupils and high school students, on finding their eating habits and the following comparison. The work is divided into two parts. The theoretical part includes the basic data describing the quality of eating in the world and in the Czech population and also describes the charakteristics of contemporary boarding. This section also emphasizes the importance of diet for a child´s body in various stages of development, including the intrauterine one. Of course also serves dietary guidelines, both the preferences of specific dietary components and the frequency of meals, distribution of energy intake during the day etc. It also briefly describes the various dietary components and their function in the body, describes the different ways to check the status of human nutrition and the conclusion is devoted to the pathology of child nutrition. The practical part contains the results of research that were gathered through the method of questioning, using questionaires. The data were collected anonymously. Questionnaires were distributed to 7th and 9th classes of primary school and the first and third grades of secondary schools in the district of Jihlava. Respondents answered a total of 15 questions, two of which were open. Of the 65 questionnaires (100%) distributed to elementary school returned 55, 2 of them had to be excluded due to incompleteness, a total of 53 - 82% return. At high school, it was also distributed 65 questionnaires (100%), returned 54 - 83% return. The aim of this study was to determine the dietary habits of children and adolescents, and to assess whether positive approach to healthy nutrition tend to have younger pupils in primary schools, which are still under the powerful influence of parents, or whether the food more cares older high school youth. Based on this goal I set two hypotheses. Hypothesis 1: There are differences in the diet on selected primary and secondary schools in the district of Jihlava. Hypothesis 2: High school youth do not eat in accordance with the food pyramid. After subsequent testing of hypotheses it was proved that differences between primary school pupils and secondary school students actually exist. Surprisingly, the better rating in the test had high school students. Those, besides a consumption of alcohol, have better eating habits - they have regular meals, breakfast was more in line with dietary recommendations, more frequently attend a school canteen, the majority has not been shown to be regularly active smoking etc. At both schools, without distinction, occurred more serious shortcomings in the consumption of fruit and vegetables, there also was a relatively high number of students who have ever tried tobacco and alcohol consumption. In addition to the hypotheses, I also compared the differences in responses depending on gender of respondents and correlation between the resulting score of questionnaire and Body Mass Index which I calculated on the basis of height and weight. Between boys and girls were shown minimal differences, concerning rather morning snacks (girls prefer healthier foods) and more active interest in a healthy lifestyle by girls again. Relationship between Body Mass Index and resulting scores in the questionnaire was not demonstrated. This work may serve to school teachers as a study material in the promotion of a healthy lifestyle, as well as parents of children and adolescents to broaden knowledge of this issue.
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Healthy eating in kindergarten
MAROUŠKOVÁ, Iva
This Bachelor?s thesis deals with rational nutrition and nutrition as such and its importance for the health of children. In the theoretical part I define the terms related to nutrition and eating habits. The practical part contains results of a quantitative survey. I chose to use questionnaires for the survey the respondents of which included parents and kindergarten teachers. The aim of this thesis was to find out whether children during the pre-school years eat healthily and whether parents and kindergarten teachers think over their diet composition, and to identify the level of children?s eating habits and what eating habits parents find important.
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Evaluation of food habits at preschool-age children
MADEJOVÁ, Nina
Presented bachelor work set the target to review and evaluate the eating habits of children with preschool age. Research was carried out in chosen nursery school MŠ Palackého in years 2011/2012 and 2012/2013. Particularly 42 children (22 boys and 20 girls) were concerned in this survey. Age category was from 5 to 6 years. Generally the research was divided in three main parts. First part of bachelor work was based on snack and lunch evaluation from the point of view of macronutrients and micronutrients content followed by comparison with standards of particular age category. Next part of research includes the individual children Body Mass Index (BMI) evaluation taken at the beginning and at the end of the research together with the setting of percentile. Third part contains the study of eating habits outside the school based on questionnaire analysis. The result show that the energy intake from school meals did not exceed the 50% of boys recommended daily allowance and 55% of girls recommended daily allowance. Fat intake wasn?t within the norms either. Recommended daily allowance was fulfilled at 39% in case boys? case and 43% in girls? case. Carbohydrate was below the recommended average in case of boys but at the same time it reached the recommended level in girls? case. Contrarily the level of proteins was fulfilled highly above recommended norms of more than 60%. Level of calcium was also unsatisfying and it only reached the level of 24,5% of daily recommended level. Level of Iron (Fe) and Riboflavin (B2) was normative.
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Evaluation of public feeding practice in selected population groups
MACH, Karel
The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the level of feeding habits of a selected human population segment in order to assess their understanding of issues related to nutrition and to basic components in their diet. For this purpose, a measuring instrument (a questionnaire) was designed. The first part contained questions related to respondent´s eating habits preferences, while the second part of questionnaire included questions examining the level of respondent?s nutritional awareness. In total 389 questionnaires were personally administered and completed by the respondents, under supervision of teachers. On the basis of the recorded answers it was found that, when purchasing food, the interviewed persons are governed mostly by the quality of it (37%). It was also discovered that, 40% of people preferred local foods to foods from abroad. Only 13% of respondents indicated their ?always or almost always? preference for ?bio foods?. It may also be said that, the three most popular dairy products are yoghurts (80%), milk (72%) and cheeses (72%), as opposed to fermented drinks (43%), which are the least consumed dairy products. Among the most popular meats the respondents included these three categories: chicken (83%), pork (73%) and beef (47%). The least favourite meat selected by respondents was mutton and lamb (35%). It was found that, 27% of the respondents follow information presented on food packaging but also that, 16% of the respondents do not follow packaging data, at all. According to the recorded frequency of occurrence the sum of correct answers can be said that most students answer 4 questions correctly. The recorded answer frequency counts show that most respondents answered correctly the following question: "What is bio food?" (94% of respondents). The worst answered individual question had to do with choosing foods with the highest ?Vitamin C? content, with only 7% being correct. On the basis of recorded answers it may be concluded that; the food consumption was influenced by the type of school which the respondents attended; as it appears related to the respondents´ age and their individual ability to decide on their food money spending. The questions that examined the level of information have shown that, the overall percentage of correct answers was increasing depending on the age of a respondent. The total percentage of correct answers kept increasing in relation to increasing age of respondents. No influence of gender on percentage totals of correct responses was demonstrated.
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Nutrition as a risk factor for acute pankreatitis
PECHUŠKOVÁ, Pavlína
Acute pancreatitis or acute inflammation of the pancreas is not one of the most common diseases. Pancreas is a vital organ involved in many important digestive processes and its infliction may be fatal. Patients with acute pancreatitis represent 1-2 % of patients hospitalized at surgical departments (Dobiáš, 2012). The most common ethiological factors of acute pancreatitis are cholelithiasis and excessive consumption of alcohol (Havel, 2004; Lukáš, 2007; Kasper, 2009; Svačina, 2010; Šimek, 2005; Špičák 2005). These factors together make up 80 % of the causes. Most often stated ratio is 3:1 in favor of cholelithiasis. Among rarely occuring causes are abdominal injuries, developmental anomalies of pancreas, drugs, hyperparathyreosis and uremia. This bachelor´s thesis deals with nutrition, eating habits and other factors that might cause acute inflammation of the pancreas. The aim of the thesis is to valorize eating habits of patients with acute pancreatitis and to evaluate how much is the excessive alcohol consumption involved in causing the desease. I set two hypotheses to achieve these goals: Hypothesis 1: The patients with acute pancreatitis followed principles of healthy diet before getting ill. Hypothesis 2: The majority of respondents consumed excessive amount of alcohol before getting ill. Acute pancreatitis as a disease is described and defined in the theoretical part of the thesis. Then its occurence is cleared up, proved and suspected causes, clinical picture and process of treatment of the disease are elucidated. Dietary measures recommended for the patients are described in detail. I also delineate the principles of pancreatic diet and its phases. In conclusion the influence of the eating habits and suitable precautions are described. The results of my research are presented in the practical part of the thesis. The research was to evaluate eating habits of the patients with acute pancreatitis before the disease outbreak. Moreover the consumption of alcoholic beverages, the presence of another illnesses and the probable risk factors causing acute pancreatitis were eximined. I have chosen quantitative research method. The research was conducted by the means of questionnaire survey at the wards of five different hospitals. The research sample consisted of 27 patients, both sexes and different ages, with the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. The aim was to evaluate probable risk factors causing acute pancreatitis and the role of diet and alcohol consumption. The results showed that the Hypothesis 1 was not confirmed. The patients didn´t follow the principles of healthy diet before getting ill. Hypothesis 2 was not confirmed too. In most cases the patients didn´t consume more than the tolerated amount of alcohol per day. However, in comparison with the other factors, alcohol can significantly contribute to the onset of acute pancreatitis. Futhermore, it was found that another risk factor for acute pancreatitis is cholelithiasis, the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts, either currently or previously. Another interesting finding was that Body Mass Index of the patients is not directly correlated with their eating habits. The thesis brings knoledge about the causes of acute pancreatitis, about the eating habits´ influence and about the impact of excessive alcohol consumption. If causes are clear, prevention measures can be set easily. Nutritional recommendations based on the results could be set down for residents and it could thereby contribute to the reduction of occurence of the disease.
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Eating Habits of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
KRÁLOVÁ, Kateřina
The topic of my bachelor work is Eating Habits of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. The Diabetes mellitus is a chronic illness, which is for its high incidence in the population regarded as disease of civilization. There are approximately 15 000 000 people with diabetes type 1. according to the International Diabetes Federation, which is little over 7 % of the total number of diabetics. The aim of the bachelor work is to describe, through the research, eating habits found at patient type 1 diabetes and to map the reasons that lead to noncompliance of diabetic diet set by physician. So to answer the research questions: "What are the eating habits type 1 diabetic?" and "What are the reasons for patient to not follow recommended diet?" The research part is elaborated in the form of qualitative research using semi-structured interview. Total of seven diabetic patient in the age range from twenty-three to fifty years, provided the interview. The data were obtained from patients who were treated at diabetes physician MD Lenka Dohnalová in the diabetes clinic at a hospital in České Budějovice. Interviewing these patients was not purposely carried out in the presence of nurses or diabetologist in order to prevent degradation of the answers of interviewed persons. As result, the respondents were not afraid to tell the truth and the information obtained was as objective as possible. Patients were helpful and willing to give interviews. Respondents did not mention their names so the entire interview is anonymous. Everyone agreed to provide an interview and also agreed on being recorded. Two research questions were set and answered on the basis of anonymous interviews. Research Question No. 1: 1st What are the eating habits of type 1 diabetes patients? It is obvious that patients with diabetes were told that they should keep track of the number of carbohydrates eaten in the food. Six respondents use replaceable units to achieve it, 12 grams of carbohydrate equals 1 replaceable unit. One respondent does not recalculate the carbohydrates in the food on replaceable units, but is familiar with using the grams of carbohydrates. I was surprised by the answer on the special diet, a product formerly known as "dia," I did not expect that it consumes only one respondent. Beyond my original expectations is also surprising fact that neither of the respondents check the glycemic index in their food. Research Question No. 2: 2nd What are the reasons not to comply the recommended diet? It is obvious that patients try to comply the regime. None of the respondents currently have a problem with self-monitoring, application of insulin or consumption of food and beverages at school or at work. One respondent stated that she had these problems at work, and she is now on a disability pension. The results of the research are useful for health professionals who take care of diabetic patients. Intended use of the work in practice: Issuing this in diabetes clinics should support and enhance awareness of patients with diabetes about their disease.
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Comparison of level total cholesterol in serum for residents from Pilsen and Czech Budweis provided similar eating habits
FRAITOVÁ, Lucie
Measuring cholesterol is considered as a screening test used primarily to determine cardiovascular risk and monitoring lipid-lowering therapy. Since this is a screening examination, there is a need for further laboratory tests - the lipid profile (HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides). Patients who get examined as a part of lipid-lowering therapy should follow a diet. These patiens need to be examined more frequently. Population of Czech Republic is considered at risk of early occurrence of atherosclerosis and its complications. Every year in the Czech Republic nearly 60 000 people die from cardiac and vascular disease. Cardiovascular disease increasingly affects younger age group. They are also a cause of disability of people of working age. One of the main indicators is high level of cholesterol. Accurate and precise measurement of blood cholesterol plays a role in the reduction of morbidity and mortality of people with cardio vascular disease. The aim of this thesis is to: 1) Measure the total cholesterol sample population of Plzeň and České Budějovice 2) Compare and find differences in serum total cholesterol in both locations In the theoretical part of the thesis I was interested in what foods increase cholesterol and what foods can reduce high cholesterol. Furthermore, the theoretical part describes diseases that may occur during hypercholesterolemia. The basic ones include atherosclerosis and its complications, which include heart disease or stroke. Preanalytical factor that may significantly affect laboratory tests are described in this part too. The practical part describes everything from an intake of biological material in the laboratory through the preparation (centrifugation, creating aliquots) to insertion of a secondary sample into the analytical device. Research for the thesis was conducted in the biochemical laboratory of synlab czech s.r.o. in České Budějovice. In this part I investigate ? under supervision ? a total of 100 samples of venous blood from people of Plzeň and České Budějovice. I determined the total cholesterol in serum. Cobas Integra 800 automatic biochemical analyzer was used for the examination of the biological material. In routine practice enzymatic methods are used to determine levels of cholesterol. Cholesterol esters are converted by cholesterol esterase into free cholesterol and fatty acids. Free cholesterol is oxidized by cholesterol oxidase to form cholestenone and hydrogen peroxide. The resultant hydrogen peroxide reacts with 4-aminoantipyrine and phenol to form a red color and water. The color intensity is directly proportional to the concentration of cholesterol and is measured by absorption spectrophotometry at 512 nm.Measured laboratory results were statistically processed and neatly sorted into tables and graphs using the computer program. Data from Plzeň and České Budějovice were sorted according to gender and evaluated using graphs. The data sets were then compared to each other and the difference in cholesterol levels was registered. All the results are in the table and graphs. Hypercholesterolemia was detected in 29 samples from Plzeň and 27 from České Budějovice.
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Meals for Children in Nursery Schools As One of the Forms of Healthy Diet Support
MATOUŠKOVÁ, Lenka
The object of this Bachelor Thesis is to find out whether parents and their children prefer a healthy and balanced diet. At present, when everyone is in a hurry and tries to make everything easier, the results are that we devote little time and attention to our diet and lifestyle in general. The proportion of frozen ready-made meals and the number of fast-foods increases, and many people do not have enough time when at home to prepare fresh meals for themselves. I am inclined to believe that proper eating habits remain during the rest of one?s life. I was therefore interested in how children eat after leaving the nursery school facilities. Being assisted by their parents, I monitored a selected group of children, focusing on their diets in their respective families. Further, I analysed with the parents their opinions on the menu setup in the nursery school. I interviewed children in the nursery school in a form of playing about which meals they preferred and what the term ?healthy diet? meant for them. The thesis conclusion evaluates the children?s eating habits.
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