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The Impact of the Aging Population on the Health Care Financing
Schejbal, Radek ; Fiala, Tomáš (advisor) ; Miskolczi, Martina (referee)
The population ageing is a phenomenon that appears sooner or later in any population. In the Czech Republic this process has intensively been going on since the end of the last century and it will continue in this century. My thesis reveals possible impacts of this development on services providing health care. It is estimated that the changing demographic structure of the population in the Czech Republic will significantly affect the revenues and the expenses of health insurance companies. These expenses would not be financially sustainable with this development and the present adjustment of the system. In my thesis I describe the features of the population ageing in the Czech Republic in the recent period following the data of the Czech Statistical Office. I also describe the development of this ageing till the end of the 21st century. Furthermore, I describe health care services, health care availability and I briefly analyze the health condition of the population. The simulation financial development of the health insurance system, on the basis of the open-access data from the ÚZIS (The Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic) and ČSÚ (The Czech Statistical Office), estimates future financial difficulties. Finally, I list possible precautions that might prevent these financial difficulties.
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Comparative analysis of public health insurance systems of Czech and Slovak Republic in years 2006 - 2010
Sopková, Nadežda ; Maaytová, Alena (advisor) ; Klazar, Stanislav (referee)
The goal of this thesis is to characterize healthcare systems in Czech and Slovak Republic. It compares and describes a development of specific metrics and it aims to create a clear picture of efficiency of a healthcare system in each particular country. In the first part the sole proprietors, employed persons, citizens without any taxable income and citizens insured by state are characterized. The focus of this part is also a description of health insurance system. This description aims mainly on contemporary legal situation, system of redistribution and historical development of healthcare systems. In the practical chapter a system of public health insurance from 2006 until 2010 is analyzed together with national insurance revenue, basic demographic and economic facts influencing the system of health insurance. The practical chapter further analyzes health insurance companies. This analysis is based on comparison of insurance companies from the perspective of insurance revenue and healthcare expenditure. The conclusion summarizes all results of analyses and comparisons.
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The Initiative "Děkujeme, odcházíme" and its interest background
Mazurová, Sonja ; Vymětal, Petr (advisor) ; Lisa, Aleš (referee)
The submitted thesis "The Initiative "Děkujeme, odcházíme" and its interest background" concentrates on the analysis of interest groups, which were taking action in initiative "Děkujeme, odcházíme". The thesis analyzes in detail the tools that were used in campaign. The first chapter defines the theory, the role and the tools used by pressure groups generally. The second chapter concentrates on history and reforms made in Healthcare system in the Czech Republic and the following part presents the formation of the initiative "Děkujeme, odcházíme". The last third chapter deals with the mobilization tools used by the initiative "Děkujeme, odcházíme".
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Ethics in healthcare
Matuská, Nela ; Drozen, František (advisor) ; Šípek, Ladislav (referee)
Our health is what we value most. Medicine as a scientific branch has made a great step forward in the last decades. Due to this fact, the demographical structure of inhabitants changed significantly. People reach higher age, we are able to treat diseases, which used to cause death. Nevertheless, we are not anymore in a phase, when financial costs equal treatment needed for all people in Czech Republic. Therefore, the topic Ethics in healthcare is an actual one. The aim of this thesis is the description and following analysis of actual problems in Czech healthcare. There are stated the main problems in Czech healthcare, where the relationship between ethics and economics is mostly visible. The proposal for improving the actual situation, is to extend the Ethical code of Czech Medical Chamber, as the document, which brings the main ethical standards in healthcare. The next proposal for improving the actual situation in Czech healthcare, is to make new ethical codes for different medical specialties. It is also advised to place the Ethical code of Czech Medical Chamber on visible places. The used method is compilation of literature and interviews with professionals and medics for analytical approaches. In this thesis, data from Czech Institution for Health Information and Statistics are used. There are also used articles form healthcare magazines and from general periodicals.
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View therapist of necessity for an ad'vancement community health care in Czech Republic
NAGYOVÁ, Věra
Community nursing services provide health care services in communities outside health care institutions. They are targeted at the sick people in their own home environments, especially providing disease prevention, health support and health care assistance. The goal of community health services is to improve the whole community health, especially of those people who are exposed to risky lifestyles and who are under risk of petting sick, or of dech, and to provide a specific care to them. The introductory part of my thesis contains the theory and elementary parts and types of the health care system in the CR as well as categorized structures and functions of the World Health Organization. It also includes the primary health care goals as well as the goals of the European Union and of the Czech Ministry of Health for the health care system development. In the second part the theory deals with the meaning of the community care, its foundations, the past and the present in the CR. It also describes the nurses´ job descriptions. In the course of the quantitative research I chose the technique of a questionnaire on the grounds of a stratified selection. It was made up by questions used in interviews with nurses. In the frame of qualitative research I chose a method used in interviews with workers in health insurance companies in which I used a guided interview. The goal of my thesis was to find out whether health care workers are aware of health care deficits. I asked for the workers´ opinions on the necessity of community care development in the CR. The goals of my work were reached. The research question was used to find out what the of health care insurance companies representatives´ opinions on the necessity of the community care in the CR are. On the grounds of the questionnaire it was found out that the representatives of health care insurance companies have a positive opinion on the necessity of the community care development in the CR. I did not prove the first hypothesis which stipulated that nurses working outside hospitál facilities do not feel any deficit in providing health care services referring to the provided care. The second hypothesis was proven stipulating that nurses working in hospital facilities can see the most serious deficit in the the fact that people lack their interest in their own health. The third hypothesis was proven, too. The health care workers´ opinions on the the necessity of the community care in the CR are positive.
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Ceske zdravotnicke forum as a tool of public awareness
Svobodová, Martina ; Říhová, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Durdisová, Jaroslava (referee)
Non-governmental organisation (NGO) are being established in the Czech Republic as the reaction on "white dots" in the economics, the number of NGO is increasing rapidly since 1989. The founders of NGO know that there is a need of NGO, to rely on invisible hand of market would not be forceful enough. This problem is characteristic for healthcare. There are governmental organisation and in branch organisation focus on narrow range of problems of their members and partners. But there are mainly NGOs focused on improvement of the position of the patients, insured citizen in the Czech healthcare system. Is this goal for NGO realistic and performable?
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The sustainability of current health care system in the Czech Republic
Jůza, Jaromír ; Písař, Pavel (advisor) ; Durdisová, Jaroslava (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to determine whether the current system of financing health care in the Czech Republic is sustainable without the aggresive reform steps and by analyzing the current situation to ponose specific measures in the form of continous regular savings to pay for health care in the future. The first part focuses on the factors influencing the shape of the health system. The second part is devoted to the future development of the health care system by 2050, according to analysis of data with the predictions of demographic trends by comparing the costs of insured by the age group of statistics. This section includes calculations of costs of health care for a patient in 2050 and overall financial balance of health system and then set out to answer the question, ie whether the current system of financing health care is sustainable. The third part is analyzed by the introduction of medical saving accounts, with the possibility for the CR. The last part focuses on the design according to the author's opinion, the best solution for the future lack of funding in the health system. I present a program that would address some variant of patients participation and which would have enabled the citizens to keep throughout life saving funds for these payments. This model is applied to life insurance products. The actual modeling is done with the outputs of the five products of financial institutions, namely Allianz Insurance Company, Amcico insurance company, Czech insurance company, Generali insurance company and Kooperativa insurance company.
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A Systems Approach to Health Care Financing
Jankůj, Miroslav ; Střítecký, Rudolf (advisor) ; Kandilaki, Daniela (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the Czech healthcare system. Healthcare is generally reffered to as system but not always healthcare problems are solved systematically. Therefore systems theory, theory of complex adaptive systems and other notions, that are often used in healthcare, were described in this thesis. The objective of this thesis was analysis of impacts of patient's financial participation (20 %, 25 % and 30 %) on health care to their financial situation in the complex adaptive healthcare system. In this thesis four indicators were used -- poverty line, household subsistence spending, impoverished households, catastrophic health expenditure. The World Health Organization defined this indicators for World Health Survey in different countries. The indicators were applied to a sample of Czech households and some impacts of increased participation were calculated. It results from this calculation that the increased participation of households has virtually only small impacts to their financial situation. By the indicators of poverty just few households would be on the poverty line. Nevertheless, this results aren't generalized to the whole Czech population. With this indicators we should further work and develop them in order that they could serve as tool to evaluation of state's intervetion into healthcare system.
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The School Nurse, and its elocation to the health care system in the Czech Republic
KUDLÁČOVÁ, Simona
There is a new trend of shifting the provision of health care from hospitals to the patient?s natural environment. We are increasingly aware of the expensive and sometimes ineffective late hospital treatment; therefore, there are stronger efforts for early diagnosis, prevention and health education from an early age. It is necessary to keep the future generations focused on their health and the health of their family members who live in the community. The initiative must originate not only in families but also in the school environment in which children find themselves almost every day. A school nurse is an expert in the field of community care working in school environment. The work load of the school nurse rests in maintaining and improving physical and mental health. The school nurse supports pupils in their responsibility for their health and she creates a system of formalized school activities, prepares and implements the school?s educational program focused on prevention. The data in the research part of the thesis was obtained through quantitative and qualitative research survey. The quantitative research was carried out using the technique of an anonymous questionnaire. The questionnaire was intended for general practitioners for children and adolescents, as well as nurses working with general practitioners for children and adolescents. The qualitative research data was collected through semi-structured interviews with the head teachers of elementary and secondary schools on the basis of which casuistries were created resulting in categorized charts. The objective of this thesis was to find out about the position of general practitioners for children and adolescents, and paediatric nurses working with general practitioners for children and adolescents on introducing the function of school nurses in the healthcare system of the Czech Republic. The research in this thesis showed a low level of awareness about the position of school nurses. The primary controversies related to the introduction of school nurses can be described as follows: the method of financing, the issues of authority of such nurses, and the way of preparing for this occupation. The main positive aspect of school nurses can be seen by the respondents in comprehensive care for pupils, prevention and better public education. School head teachers, general practitioners and nurses believe that school nurses should be placed in schools according to the number of school pupils and school head teachers assume greater use school nurses in primary schools than in secondary ones. The method of financing school nurses should be, according to the respondents, from multiple sources. This thesis may be used as a basis for further research work focused on the position of school nurses, and also as a proposal of establishing the school nurse position in the healthcare system of the Czech Republic, or as informative material for professional as well as lay public.
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Interest groups in the healthcare system
Šedivý, Roman ; Maaytová, Alena (advisor) ; Láchová, Lenka (referee)
The bachelor thesis is based on the theory of interest groups and deals with those in the healthcare system. Among them are doctors, patients, insurance companies and pharmaceutical companies. The goal of this thesis is to describe the behavior and the interests of the chosen interest groups, to point out how they enforce their impact and how they are formed. Furthermore, the thesis briefly examines losses of the Czech healthcare system evoked by the activities of the interest groups, non-transparency and inefficient setting of the system. The evaluation of the measures, which should excise these losses, and the proposal of new measures are both part of the text.
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