|
|
Life (dis)satisfaction and the decision to migrate: evidence from Central and Eastern Europe
Otrachshenko, V. ; Popova, Olga
This paper provides the first evidence regarding the impact of life satisfaction on the individual intention to migrate. The impact of individual characteristics and country macroeconomic variables on the decision to migrate is analyzed in one framework. Differently from other studies, we allow for life satisfaction to serve as a mediator between macroeconomic variables and the intention to migrate. Using the Eurobarometer Survey for 27 Central Eastern (CEE) and Western European (non-CEE) countries, we test the predictions of our theoretical model and …find that dissatisfi…ed with life, people have a higher intention to migrate. The macroeconomic conditions have an effect on the intention to migrate indirectly through life satisfaction. At all levels of life satisfaction, unemployed, middle-aged individuals with a low or average income from urban areas at all levels of education are found to have higher intentions to migrate from CEE countries than from non-CEE countries.
|
|
|
Vliv kognitivního vyčerpání na rozhodování
Farská, Kateřina ; Houdek, Petr (advisor) ; Rusina, Robert (referee)
One of the factors significantly influencing our daily decisions is the so-called cognitive depletion.The theory of cognitive depletion postulates the existence of a limited mental resource that is necessary for self-regulation. If the resource is diminished by a task involving self-control, achievement in subsequent self-control task will be impaired. This project examines the effect of cognitive depletion on decisions in the Iowa Gambling Task designed to simulate real-life decision making involving gains and losses. Further, a possible effect of moderating factors that could be affected by cognitive depletion and consequently influence decisions in the Iowa Gambling Task -- risk preference and impulsivity -- is investigated. Dual-process theories postulate there are two systems involved in decision-making: faster, intuitive, emotional System 1 and slower, deliberative, rational System 2. It was found that cognitive depletion leads to enhancement of System 1. As advantageous decisions in the Iowa Gambling Task are closely related to emotional reactions -- domain of System 1 -- it was hypothesized that cognitive depletion will lead to not worse, or possibly even better results in depleted subjects. A controlled laboratory experiment was conducted involving 39 subjects in total. No difference was found in average desicions of depleted and non-depleted subjects in the Iowa Gambling Task, supporting the hypothesis. Further, short-term increase in impulsivity caused by cognitive depletion was very probably moderating choices in the IGT, leading to worse overall performance. Regarding risk preferences, we found that non-depleted subjects were generally more risk seeking in losses context, while depleted subjects exhibited rather loss aversion. This change in risk behaviors due to cognitive depletion very probably did not mediate choices in the Iowa Gambling Task.
|
|
|
On Approximate Fully Probabilistic Design of Decision-Making Units
Kárný, Miroslav
An efficient support of a single decision maker is vital in constructing scalable systems addressing complex decision-making (DM) tasks. Fully probabilistic design (FPD) of DM strategies, an extension of dynamic Bayesian DM, provides a firm basis for such a support. The limited cognitive and evaluation resources of the supported decision maker cause that theoretically optimal solutions are realised only approximately. Thus, the truly efficient support has to include reliable means for constructing approximate solutions of DM subtasks. The current paper deals with the design of the approximately optimal DM strategy for a known environment model and adequately described DM preferences. The design relies on: a) the explicit minimiser found within FPD; b) randomised nature of the strategy provided by FPD.
|
|
|
Scalable Decision Making: Uncertainty, Imperfection, Deliberation, European Conference on Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases (ECML/PKDD 2013)
Guy, Tatiana Valentine ; Kárný, Miroslav
Machine learning (ML) and knowledge discovery both use and serve to decision making (DM), which has to cope with uncertainty, incomplete knowledge, problem and data complexity and imperfection (limited cognitive and evaluating capabilities) of the involved heterogeneous multiple participants (aka agents, decision makers, components, controllers, classifiers, etc.). Contemporary DM deals with complex systems characterised by heterogeneous components and their goal-motivated dynamic interactions. The individual participants are selfish, i.e. follow their individual goals. There is no well-justified way to influence or describe the resulting collective behaviour of such a system via a well-proved combination of the selfish components. Economic and natural sciences describe concepts governing the functioning of systems of selfish participants as well as ways influencing their behaviour. However, the majority of solutions rely on the human moderator/manager controlling such a system.
|
|
|
Business Plan
Maťátková, Miroslava ; Kovář, František (advisor) ; Štekrt, Vladimír (referee)
This graduation paper deals with the business plan production for the Certified Education Institute, Inc. (ICV) The paper's goal is to consider individual aspects of the business plan in a structured form, to analyze external and internal environment and, based on current and predicted economic data, to design a feasible approach how to improve efficiency and productivity of the Company. The first part describes theoretical base for business plan processing. The second, practical, part contains analysis of external conditions, product description and marketing and business plan. It also deals with management and introduces basic economic assessment. The conclusion reviews individual goals and suggests best course of action towards their realization.
|
|
|
Life (dis)satisfaction and the decision to migrate: evidence from Central and Eastern Europe
Otrachshenko, V. ; Popova, Olga
This paper provides the first evidence regarding the impact of life satisfaction on the individual intention to migrate. The impact of individual characteristics and country macroeconomic variables on the decision to migrate is analyzed in one framework. Differently from other studies, we allow for life satisfaction to serve as a mediator between macroeconomic variables and the intention to migrate. Using the Eurobarometer Survey for 27 Central Eastern (CEE) and Western European (non-CEE) countries, we test the predictions of our theoretical model and …find that dissatisfi…ed with life, people have a higher intention to migrate. The macroeconomic conditions have an effect on the intention to migrate indirectly through life satisfaction. At all levels of life satisfaction, unemployed, middle-aged individuals with a low or average income from urban areas at all levels of education are found to have higher intentions to migrate from CEE countries than from non-CEE countries.
|
|
|
Life (dis)satisfaction and decision to migrate: evidence from Central and Eastern Europe
Otrachshenko, V. ; Popova, Olga
This paper provides the first evidence regarding the impact of life satisfaction on the individual intention to migrate. The impact of individual characteristics and country macroeconomic variables on the decision to migrate is analyzed in one framework. Differently from other studies, we allow for life satisfaction to serve as a mediator between macroeconomic variables and the intention to migrate. Using the Eurobarometer survey for 27 Central Eastern (CEE) and Western European (non-CEE) countries, we test the predictions of our theoretical model and find that people dissatisfied with life have higher intention to migrate.
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
Optimalization of Information system after organizational change
Rak, Matyáš ; Říhová, Zora (advisor) ; Lembacher, Tomáš (referee)
The thesis deals with the analysis of the company after the recent major change and its need to optimize its information system. It designs alternative solutions and selecting the optimal variant. The aim of the work is creating recommendation of the optimal design solution to streamline business processes and increase support managerial decision making. The thesis focuses in the introductory part of the theoretical bases on grip of the problem: information theory, information system and change as the key aspect in the life of the organization, with emphasis on avoiding mistakes. It also assesses the benefits of information systems measurement as the input factor for the optimization evaluation. In the practical part, the situation and process analysis is used to describe a company in which optimization is being recommended. Subsequently, the variants of optimization are introduced and decision-making model for selecting the optimal selection is designed The conclusion summarizes aspects of the evaluation of optimization of information systems.
|
guest ::
