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Biochar effect on distribution of organic matter in soil
Haleš, Petr ; Širůček, David (referee) ; Kalina, Michal (advisor)
Biochar is a carbon-rich material that can be used in agronomy as a soil conditioner. The selection of the source biomass and the conditions used during pyrolysis (for example residence time and temperature) can have different effect on the physicochemical properties of this material. In this bachelor thesis biochar was produced from oat bran, woodchips, corn and compost by pyrolysis at 600 °C. The woodchips were also pyrolysed at temperatures in the range 400–700 °C. These biochar samples were subsequently leached with model rainwater. The main aim of this thesis was to assess how the conditions of biochar production influence the quantity and nature of substances, which can be released from this material. In the second part of this thesis, the commercial biochar Agrouhel (produced from sewage sludge at temperature 450–470 °C) was used (“Káňa”). This biochar was leached with model rainwater and dilute solutions of citric acid (which simulates root exudates) and hydrogen peroxide (which simulates enzymatic biochar degradation). Physicochemical characterization (pH and conductivity) of the extracts was realized after each leaching cycle. Additional analyses (UV-VIS and ICP-OES) of the solution were measured after the 1st, 5th and 10th cycle. The original solid biochar and biochar samples after the 10th cycle of leaching were used to determine the inorganic and organic fractions and to determine the elemental composition of the organic fraction (TGA and EA). The laboratory cultivation experiment with biochar Káňa was performed on the model plant (Lactuca sativa). Biochar obtained after termination of the cultivation was analysed (pH, conductivity, ICP-OES, TGA and EA) and the results were compared with data obtained for biochar Káňa leached by different model solutions. Fulvic and humic acids were extracted from the original biochar Káňa as well as from the biochar obtained after the termination of cultivation experiment. These samples were analysed on their inorganic and organic content and the abundance of organic elements (TGA and EA). Afterwards, the results were compared to each other and the correlations between the laboratory exposure to each soil factor and the cumulative exposure during the soil culture experiment were assessed.
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A comparison of the functions of data acquisition programs for cDAQ
Zoubek, Vojtěch ; Krejčí, Petr (referee) ; Pokorný, Jan (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the measurement of physical phenomena using the CompactDAQ systems. The recherche part of the thesis shows the possibilities of the CompactDAQ and describes the communication of LabVIEW and MATLAB with the CompactDAQ hardware. The next section presents a LabVIEW VI application that measures the temperature, revolutions and vibration of a high-speed motor. In the last part is a comparison of LabVIEW and MATLAB environment.
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Case study of physiotherapeutic care of a polytraumatic patient
Pochyba, Štefan ; Homonická Pyšková, Barbora (advisor) ; Nováková, Tereza (referee)
vi Abstract Author: Bc. Štefan Pochyba Head of the thesis: Mgr. Barbora Homonická Pyšková Title of the thesis: Case study of physiotherapeutic care of a polytraumatic patient The aim of the thesis: The aim of this work was the processing of theoretical and therapeutic knowledge about the diagnosis of polytrauma andthe creationof a case report of physiotherapycare for a patient with this diagnosis,with the processingof the results. Methods: The theoretical part deals with the diagnosis of a polytrauma patient, defines terms important for understandingthe issue of this diagnosis, and deals in detail with the possibilities of medical care andrehabilitation.The special part is createdby a case study of a patient with a diagnosis of polytrauma, processing and evaluating the data found. Results: The compiled rehabilitation plan described in the special section helped the patient to improve his condition. Keywords: polytrauma,fracture,proximal humerus fracture, patient rehabilitationafter polytrauma, shoulder joint, case study
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Case study of physiotherapeutic care of patient with rheumatoid arthritis
Pešková, Johana ; Homonická Pyšková, Barbora (advisor) ; Zinková, Iva (referee)
vi Abstract Author: Johana Pešková Supervisor: Mgr. Barbora Homonická Pyšková Title: Case study of physiotherapeutic care of patient with rheumatoid arthritis Objectives: The goal of the thesis is to summarize theoretical and methodological basis of rheumatoid arthritis and and to describe their use in the rehabilitation of a patient with this diagnosis. Another aim was to demonstrate the effect of selected physiotherapeutic methods and procedures in practice, to compare them with new trends in the field of rheumatology and to describe the possibilities of influencing the functional state of the patient. Methods: The thesis was prepared on the basis of countinuous professional practice at the Revmatologický ústav in Prague, from 22. 1. to 16. 2. 2024 under the expert guidance of Mgr. Iva Zinková. The thesis is divided into two main sections, a general and a special one. The general section contains an overview of theoretical decription of rheumatoid arthritis and the special part consists of a detailed case report of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. The theoretical part contains the definition, characteristics, etiology, etiopathogenesis, incidence, clinical picture and classification of the disease. Furthermore, clinical and objectification examinations and treatment and care options for patients with...
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Case Study of Physiotherapy Treatment of a Patient after Transfemoral Amputation
Chrz, Michal ; Maršáková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Nováková, Tereza (referee)
vi Abstract Author: Michal Chrz Supervisor: Mgr. Kateřina Maršáková Title: Case Study of Physiotherapy Treatment of a Patient after Transfemoral Amputation Objectives: The work aims to summarize the theoretical knowledge of amputation issues and their therapeutical solutions, to utilize, document and evaluate these within the case study of physiotherapeutic care for a patient after unilateral transfemoral amputation. Methods: This study comprises two parts. The first part provides a theoretical overview of amputation issues and their therapeutic solutions, focusing on postoperative care within physiotherapy and prosthetics. The second part presents a case study of a 3-week physiotherapeutic intervention for a patient after right-sided transfemoral amputation, including postoperative complications (MRSA, Covid 19). The case study took place approximately 5 months after the amputation and includes the patient's history, initial examination, rehabilitation plan, 13 therapeutic sessions, final evaluation, and the therapy evaluation. Results: The most significant results of the physiotherapeutic intervention were desensitization and coning of the stump, its alignment; increase in range of motion and strength of both hip joints, particularly into extension; qualitative and quantitative improvements in standing...
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Physiotherapy case report of a patient diagnosed with total knee arthoplasty
Šupík, Ondřej ; Vláčilová, Ivana (advisor) ; Pospíchalová, Tereza (referee)
vi Abstract Author: Ondřej Šupík Supervisor: PhDr. Ivana Vláčilová, Ph.D. Title: Physiotherapy case report of a patient diagnosed with total knee arthroplasty Objectives: The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to process theoretical knowledge, case studies and to record the effect of the performed therapy in a patient with a diagnosis of total knee arthroplasty. Methods: The work has a theoretical and a special part. In the theoretical part, data collection from professional literature, professional articles and studies was used. In the special part, data collectedas part of continuous professional practice at the Malvazinky Rehabilitation Clinic are used. The special part contains data collected by the input kinesiology analysis, therapeutic units and the output kinesiology analysis. Results: The rehabilitation process, which is processed in a special part of the work, improved the patient's postoperative condition. In the operated knee joint, there was mainlya reductionin pain, an increase in the range of motion,a reductioninswelling and hematoma. Furthermore, there was an improvement in the walking stereotype. Keywords: total endoprosthesis of the knee joint, rehabilitation, case report
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Experimental animal models and vectors of Leishmania (Mundinia)
Bečvář, Tomáš
Leishmania are vector-borne dixenous protozoan parasites of vertebrates causing diseases collectively called leishmaniases, which threaten more than 1 billion people mainly in tropical and subtropical regions. These parasites are divided into four subgenera: Leishmania, Viannia, Sauroleishmania, and Mundinia. The last named are geographically widely dispersed and their distribution covers all continents except Antarctica. Although their medical and veterinary importance is increasing, there is currently almost no information on natural reservoir hosts, vector species, and experimental research options due to the very limited range of model animals. This thesis summarizes our efforts to unravel possible vectors and laboratory models for this subgenus. In the first three studies, we focused on potential models; therefore, we experimentally infected guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus), BALB/c mice, Chinese hamsters (Cricetulus griseus), and steppe lemmings (Lagurus lagurus) with five species of Mundinia and we also tested reservoir potential of African grass rat (Arvicanthis niloticus) and Natal multimammate mouse (Mastomys natalensis) to Leishmania chancei. The second part focused on potential vectors of the parasites. We experimentally infected biting midges Culicoides sonorensis and sand flies sharing...
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Spectroelectrochemical Devices for Monitoring of Intermediates and Products on Carbonbased Composite Electrodes
Vaněčková, Eva ; Šikula, M. ; Hrdlička, Vojtěch ; Sebechlebská, Táňa ; Kolivoška, Viliam
Spectroelectrochemistry (SEC), as an interdisciplinary field, provides us with more comprehensive information about electroactive molecules involved in charge transfer reactions. Commercially\navailable SEC cells most often have an incorporated platinum working electrode, which can limit the range of the usable potential window and, in addition, can complicate the analysis due to the\nabsorption phenomenon. In this work, we designed and manufactured two types of custom-made SEC cells employing optically transparent carbon-based working electrodes for UV-Vis monitoring of reactants and electrogenerated intermediates and products. The first SEC cell is entirely manufactured by 3D printing using fused deposition modeling (FDM) by combining optically transparent (PET) and electrically conductive (PLA-CB) filaments. The second SEC cell employs pencil graphite (PG) rods as the working electrode (PGE) and its body is manually assembled from quartz slides. The functionality of the FDM 3D printed SEC cell and manually assembled quartz SEC cell were verified by cyclic voltammetry with in situ UV-Vis spectroscopic absorption monitoring of ruthenium(III) acetylacetonate (Ru(ac)3) redox-active probe dissolved in an aqueous or non-aqueous deaerated solvent, respectively. Both presented cells enable complete redox reversible conversion and strictly oxygen-free conditions.
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Reaction Mechanisms of Psychoactive Compounds
Sokolová, Romana ; Beneš, Marek ; Jiroušková, Eliška ; Degano, I.
The reaction mechanism of selected new psychoactive substances (NPS) 4-methylpentedrone and 2-(((4-ethyl-2,5-dimethoxyphenethyl)amino)methyl)phenol was investigated based on their\nelectrochemical and spectroelectrochemical properties. Both drugs were examined by means of cyclic voltammetry using diagnostic parameters for particular reaction schemes, UV/Vis, and IR\nspectroelectrochemistry. Since water participates in the redox mechanism of both studied compounds, the reaction mechanism was studied under a controlled amount of water in an\nacetonitrile environment.
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