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Analysis of the temperature series of meteorological observatory Milešovka (1905 - 2010)
Lhotka, Ondřej ; Sládek, Ivan (advisor) ; Štekl, Josef (referee)
From the climatological aspect, the meteorological observatory Milešovka is one of the most important stations at Czech Republic. When this master's thesis was writen, the 106 years long set of the daily mean air temperature was available. This dataset is not influenced by the urban heat island. Beside the older studies, the trend of the mean annual air temperature increased on 1,02řC/100 years. The highest value is in the spring, the lowest one in the winter. The value of mean diurnal temperature range is increasing. The duration of the frost period is decreasing, on the contrary, the lenght of the growing season is prolonging. 36 % of the absolute extremes of maximal daily temperature were detected in the period 1996-2010. On the other hand, the absolute extremes of minimal daily temperature are rare in this period. The sub-seasonal anomalies are three or more days long significant deviations from the smoothed annual progress of the air temperature. This anomalies of the air temperature has highest mean value of deviations and longest mean duration in winter. The relations between the sub-seasonal anomalies and the meteorological singularities are weak.
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The effect of climate change and land use change on the long-term population trends of birds in the Czech Republic
Koschová, Michaela ; Reif, Jiří (advisor) ; Voříšek, Petr (referee)
There are number of future projections of species' geographic ranges developed under conditions of ongoing climate change. However, only a few studies have assessed what are the characteristics of species explaining interspecific variability in the projected range shifts. Examination of such relationships is important for development of effective conservation strategies mitigating the effects of climatic changes. For this purpose, I calculated the predicted shifts of European ranges in Czech birds based on maps in A Climatic Atlas of European Breeding Birds and explored relationships between these predicted shifts and several ecological traits. We found significant effects of the type of European distribution and habitat requirements. Concerning the type of European distribution, the largest shift is predicted in the central species and the northern species compared to widespread and southern species. According to the habitat type, the largest shift showed forest birds in contrast to the urban species which will shift slightly. The former pattern is probably attributable to spatial constrains different among these specific groups (central species are less limited compared to widespread species). The latter pattern could be explained by higher sensitivity of forest species to climatic changes...
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Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica L. BEAUV.) suitable crop to the transformative climate in the Czech Republic
Hermuth, Jiří ; Janovská, Dagmar ; Prohasková, Anna
The global climate changes bring a lot of undesirable impacts which will influence the agricultural production in the Czech Republic in the future. Nowadays the drought risks and their impact on the agricultural production have begun to show up very strongly. One of the main solutions might be the breeding and selection of more resistant species or/and varieties which are more adaptable to lesser water availability and which are more resistant to the new climate. This paper would like to present the foxtail millet as a cereal which might be a valuable alternative for grain production as well as for biomass production in less favourable arid areas of our country.
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Landscape Management in the Village Křeč
Dvořáčková, Hana ; Syrovátka, Oldřich (advisor) ; Lukášová, Tereza (referee)
This Bachelor's thesis deals with landscape Management of the administrative boundaries of the village Křeč. The aim of the thesis is to gain and draw up documents for management decision making in matters of long-term sustainable drinking water supplying for the village. It will be examined hydrological water area network, identified quality of drinking water and found potential sources of drinking water pollution. Within the municipality Křeč will be performed research concerning the issue whether the landscape is able to hold water when exposed to climate change. The research will be focused on monitoring the groundwater level. This will be achieved through underground wells - probes, rainfall measurement and brook flow at the local brook measurement. It will be proposed an appropriate measure that will lead to drainage stabilization, prevention against erosion occurrence and in the end will improve the resulting landscape.
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The European Union as an international actor in global environmental politics
Novák, Tomáš ; Rolenc, Jan Martin (advisor) ; Kuchařová, Alžběta (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the role of the European Union at the Conference of Parties in Paris (COP21) and in general with their attitude to form international politics in the field of climate change. The thesis is divided into three chapters, one of which provides a theoretical background from Petr Kratochvíl and col. and a brief historical progress in the climate change politics of the EU. The second chapter points at the Conference of Parties (COP) and the following with an analytical part of thesis where the analysis information and the particular political steps will be applied to four selected dimensions from the theoretical basis - framing, internal legitimacy, external recognition and attractiveness.
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Landscape Management of Catchment Dam Dalešice
Kunčíková, Aneta ; Syrovátka, Oldřich (advisor) ; Duchek, Stanislav (referee)
This thesis deals with land management in the catchment area of the dam Dalešice. Water work Dalešice lies on the Jihlava river, which is contaminated water by phosphorus, nitrogen and organic matters. Jihlava river is the main source of process water for cooling nuclear power plant requiring a certain quality that can be used for cooling of nuclear reactors. The primary aim is to assess the condition of the landscape model in Střížovský creek, which is one of the many tributaries of the Jihlava river above water works Dalešice. Based on the utilization coefficient of ecological stability, evaluation of the territorial system of ecological stability, quality watercourse mapping of the occurrence of significant landscape elements, landscape were outlined measures which will help improve the state of the landscape in the area of catchment, stabilize runoff (quality, quantity) and increase the resilience of the landscape in relation to ongoing climate change.
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West Nile fever - a global change in epidemiology and surveillance in the Czech Republic
VONDRÁKOVÁ, Renata
The main goal of thesis is to explore the changing global epidemiological situation depending on climate changes and to map trends of changes in epidemiological situation. A sub-objective is to find out if there are differences in the geographical distribution of the incidence of West Nile Virus (WNV) in the period 2004-2014 next to map surveillance, to propose options for improving prevention in a changing geographical distribution, to describe cases of the diseases reported in the Czech Republic, to determine whether in the Pilsen and Budweis medical facilities are routinely investigating also on detection of WNV infection and finally to chart the WNV infection rate and its causes in horse breeding. Influence of climate change on distribution of WNV can be very well observed. This change is mainly due to settlement of new countries by the originator and also reservoirs which are moving further to the north or south becouse of climate. Distribution of WNV to the new countries is also supported by the changing of landscape, mainly due to the changing climate. The changes of migration routes of migratory birds which are also affected by climate changes have also the effect on changing geographic distribution. The globalization of the world is also mostly responsible for change of distribution. The change of epidemiological situation is given by that the virus attacks organisms that did not meet with virus until now. Therefore, there is a change in the clinical picture and more serious forms of the disease appear in the greater degree than before. Official statistics numbers of diseases in the EU in 2008-2012 published by the ECDC revealed that number of illnesses depends on the global climate changes and also on the climate in a current year. Data for year 2010 clearly reveal how big influence extreme temperatures have on the number of reported illnesses. With regard to prevention in the Czech Republic, as a main step was to designed the informing of tourists. The substantial part of the repressive measures against WNV disease is to stop transmission of WNV blood transfusions. This deals with in annex 3of Decree no. 143/2008 Coll.. Currently the draft of methodological instruction which sets out the procedure for assessing the risk of WNV infection and the procedure to reduce the risk of transmission of the virus through blood transfusions is in the comment procedure. By the survey of health facilities was found out that it is according the legislation, specifically Decree 233/2011 Coll.. Private microbiology and serology laboratories in Pilsen and Budweis do not test on positivity of WNV. Targeted surveillance of horse WNV in Czech Republic is doing from 2011. In 2011 2013 it was 4 5 WNV positive horses, in 2014 it was already 13 horses from a total of 783 horses tested positive WNV. Various geographic distribution of horses and high specific antibody titers according to veterinarians indicate increasing activity of the virus in the Czech Republic and the possible expansion of WNV into new areas. The thesis also analyzes three cases of WNV disease that have been imported to the Czech Republic from the USA, Tanzania and from Cyprus. In thesis is also described the first autochthonous case of WNV infection in the Czech Republic in 2013 which demonstrates the changing epidemiological situation in the country. Based on the obtained data is appreciable that the virus will be with regard to a changing climate and increased globalization spread to new areas in which will be probably cause diseases with serious clinical course. Whereas the virus has a tends to mutation it is expected also a gradual change of the clinical picture. To stop the spread of the virus should be carried out surveillance at all levels. Insomuch as is not in current time human vaccine available to curb the spread of the The essential elements od prevention includes informing tourists traveling to high-risk countries and countries potentially risky.
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The influence of water stress on germination and growth of grasses and legumes
HRDA, Lukáš
The negative impact of climate change on agricultural production is consistently increasing all over the world. As a result of these changes, the yields of some crops have been decreasing. The main problems include frequent weather changes, especially long periods of drought accompanied by high temperatures. The aim of this diploma thesis was to assess the effect of water deficit on offshoot germination and longevity of selected species of grasses and clovers. The evaluation of resistance to water deficit was carried out using both laboratory and pot experiments. The results of these experiments were used to evaluate the drought resistance of the tested species of grasses and legumes. Based on the proven drought resistance, appropriate species and varieties have been recommended for cultivation in conditions of water deficit. The issue of drought resistance is to be paid more and more attention in the future. According to most forecasts, increasingly long periods of drought are likely to occur. For this reason, there will be the need for crops and varieties that best resist to various abiotic stresses.
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The influence of water stress on selected grass species and sward botanical composition
PAVELOVÁ, Lenka
The main goal of this thesis is to ascertain the influence of a water stress on regenerative and growth properties of grasses which were exposed to a water deficit and the influence on area composition of certain permanent grass vegetation. Assessment levels were based on container experiments. Each container contained selected class and subclass of a grass with different water regime demands. The aim of these experiments was to determine regenerative and growth abilities of chosen grasses which were exposed to water deficit and their ability to regenerate after drought during the grass branching phase. Another part of these experiments was to assess water regime impact on distribution of grasses in chosen areas. In the Czech Republic, grass vegetation is one of the basic food components for farm animals, mainly cattle, and it is an important landscaping element. It is also a component of forage industry which is a significant part of an agriculture output and the main goal in practice is to provide sufficient production of high quality,biologically valuable and healthy fodder.
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