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Understanding active youth in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Ostrý, Michal ; Žíla, Ondřej (advisor) ; Šístek, František (referee)
With the help of field research, this thesis focuses on active young people in Bosnia and Herzegovina, whom the work attempts to understand in two contexts. First, there is the complicated backdrop of a country after Dayton peace that is still characterized by its post-war state. At the same time, it is vital to consider the context of the current understanding of participatory trends studied in Western democracies. Especially then the departure from formal participation towards single-issue activism. The results suggest that active young people in Bosnia and Herzegovina participate for three main reasons: identification with like-minded community and development of friendships; the desire to contribute to a positive change; and the need for self-development. These reasons are indicational of the attitudes of studied young people. They perceive nationalism negatively, value the social aspects of their activities and realize the need to develop themselves. The latest aspect is stronger for women and may be behind their predominance in the active youth community. Except for that, participation does not differ much from what is studied in Western democracies. Only the tendency towards authoritarianism persists. Some actively participating young people see it as a solution to Bosnia and Herzegovina's...
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Contextual Determinants of the Age Gap in Voter Turnout across Europe
Kamatayeva, Ayauzhan ; Lago, Ignacio (advisor) ; Shaev, Brian (referee)
A common interpretation of the age gap in electoral turnout is that younger cohorts are apathetic and part of a generation that is absent from political life. Still, youth political participation differs across European countries, and cross- national variation in the age gap has been rarely examined in the literature. This paper, therefore, argues that unequal voting in Europe is due not to a lack of interest in the public good but rather to a combination of contextual and individual factors. This study examines young and older individuals' engagement with electoral politics in 26 European countries using the European Social Survey data between 2008 and 2018. Specifically, this study addresses the questions of (1) what context-related factors determine the age gap in voting between old and young citizens and (2) why the age gap in voting is smaller in some countries than in others. The results show that the age gap varies considerably across countries. The OLS and FE regressions results suggest that government expenditure, the share of migrants, and the age of democracy influence the level of age gap in voting. The findings on macroeconomic and immigration factors raise methodological concerns.
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The Power of the Native Vote: Evaluation of the Influence of Native Americans on the Outcome of the 2020 Presidential Elections in the United States - A Case Study of Arizona.
Štroblová, Radka ; Kýrová, Lucie (advisor) ; Pondělíček, Jiří (referee)
More Americans voted in the 2020 elections than in any other in 120 years, and the majority supported the Democratic candidate - Joseph R. Biden, Jr. In 2020, Biden won 26 states, including Arizona, where he won as the first Democrat in the presidential elections since 1996. With a small margin of only 10,457 votes, every vote was essential. In Arizona, 412,256 people identify as American Indian and Alaska Native and their support for the Democratic candidate proved to be decisive in the 2020 elections. However, only little has been written about American Indians and Alaska Natives and their voting habits. Existing studies suffer from examining only one tribe or state, are old or ambiguous. American Indians and Alaska Natives are also often excluded from collecting and reporting data, and when included, the data is either inaccurate or put them in "the other" category. This work is the first to examine Native American voting in the 2020 presidential election. It aims to prove that the Native vote was one of the aspects that helped Biden win the elections since Native Americans traditionally support the Democratic candidates. To prove my thesis, I compared the results of the 2016 and 2020 elections from the precincts overlapping with tribal lands in Arizona and conducted a quantitative analysis of...
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Design, Creation and Implementation of Software Applications in the Corporate Environment
Brothánek, František ; Koch, Miloš (referee) ; Novák, Lukáš (advisor)
The main goal of the diploma thesis is to design, create, and implement the web application for online voting in the company IS4U. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part describes the theoretical foundations required for the practical implementation. The second part analyzes the current state of the company, its information system, customers, and criteria for creating a web application. The last part deals with the implementation of the new web application and evaluates the achieved results. The web application simplifies and secures voting by its users.
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Acoustic Scene Classification from Speech
Grepl, Filip ; Beneš, Karel (referee) ; Matějka, Pavel (advisor)
This thesis deals with creating a system whose task is to recognize what type of location the recording was created at by analyzing the audio signal. The classifier is based on a multi-layer, fully connected neural network. The topology of the neural network is based on the baseline system provided for the DCASE competition. A dataset from this competition is also used for training and evaluating the neural network. The experiments are performed in particular with the representation of the properties of the audio records and with the format of the input data of the neural network. For this purpose, Mel-filter bank, block Mel-filter bank and MFCC flags are used. The experiments performed in this thesis brought a classification accuracy increased by 6.5 % compared to the baseline system of DCASE. Overall system success rate reached 67.5 %.
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Online Voting System
Škorpil, Jiří ; Hájek, Josef (referee) ; Korček, Pavol (advisor)
This master's thesis describes design, implementation and testing of online voting system. Based on the research of existing solutions, as well as the identification of their shortcomings for the target user group, the requirements for the new system are specified. This information system is primarily intended to be used for assembly of unit owners, members meeting of building housing cooperative, or meeting of the municipal council, general meeting of shareholders and similar.
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Political Macro-geography of the European Parliament
Rec, Tomáš ; Dostál, Petr (advisor) ; Kostelecký, Tomáš (referee)
This diploma thesis has several objetcs. The main objective is to answer the research question and seven hypotheses including elections to the European Parliament and MEPs behaviour from individual europarties. Some hypotheses include the participation of the electorate of the member states in elections to the EP, while others relate to participation of MEPs in voting, cohesion and coalitions that are formed in the parliament. Data on voting are obtained thanks to a project created by the London School of Economics. These data are already clearly adjusted, because official data on voting the European Parliament show in a form that could not be analyzed without software support. After the introduction follow two chapters, in which there is described theoretical framework involving the search of relevant sources on the European Parliament, describing his position within key institutions of the EU, its function, history, and empowerment to the election of MEPs to the europarties. The results show some charasteristic patterns in the European Parliament. MEPs in most cases hold the party line rather than national. However, there are some cases, where individual nations across europarties vote uniformly, even though this behavior in some of them oppose to the attitude of a majority of the party. Large...
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Voting in central banks: An empirical analysis
Jonášová, Júlia ; Horváth, Roman (advisor) ; Fišerová, Tereza (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to assess informative power of the voting records of central banks. The research concentrates on the following aspects: predictability of future repo rate changes based on the voting records in longer horizons, level of disagreement in Monetary policy committee (MPC) and financial markets' expectations, comparison between results of the analysis before and during the financial crisis and weighting every vote according to attendance of the policymaker. The results confirm that voting records are, indeed, informative about future monetary policy changes and can increase predictability of the particular central banks. Negative dispersion coefficient for the Bank of England (BoE) and Czech National Bank (CNB) suggests that increase in uncertainty stimulates looser monetary policy. For the BoE and Riksbank voting records signal the change of the repo rate approved also at the further meetings, which is partially true for the Czech Republic and Poland. Regarding the period of financial crisis, it is shown that markets heavily rely on the minutes as the source of knowledge and the magnitudes of the estimate for the skew coefficient are much higher. The effect of experience is present in the case of CNB and National Bank of Poland (NBP).
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