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Hlodavci jako rezervoár hantavirů
KAMIŠ, Jan
This study reveals the presence of hantaviruses in free-living rodents and insectivores in urban areas in the Czech Republic. A large number of hantavirus reservoir hosts were tested for hantavirus RNA in different tissues, using universal and specific primers for amplification of the large and medium fragments of hantavirus genomic RNA. Phylogenetic relationships of obtained nucleotide sequences of hantaviruses were reconstructed. Four different species of hantaviruses were detected, including two species pathogenic (or potentially pathogenic) for humans, suggesting a threat for public health. Additionally, inter-family spillover infections and hantavirus species-associated tissue tropism were recorded in rodent hosts.
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Germination requirements of rare and common plant species of Giant Mountains
Paulů, Andrea ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Moravcová, Lenka (referee)
For a long time studies were focused on searching optimal conditions of germination of individual species. During the last few years studies have started to search for a relationship between germination and various species characteristics. Most of them, however, use only one temperature during germination tests. Very few studies use more than one temperature during the germination tests. In the last years studies started also to compare germination between rare and common species, but these studies compare just a few species. There are no studies which would compare germination on broader range of species. Aim of this study was to indentify which factors are determing germination of species and to find relationships between germination and characteristics of rare species (n=62). Another aim was to find out differences in germination of pairs (n=24) of closely related rare and common species. To test the germination I have chosen a methodology with several consecutive temperatures. Throughout the time of testing , the seeds were placed either in light or in dark. The dataset was processed by linear regression. The results show that germination requirements of species are determinet by time of flowering, weight of seeds, dispersal mode, species requirements for soil humidity and nutrients and type of...
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Genome size evolution in the Zingiberaceae
Pospíšilová, Monika ; Fér, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kolář, Filip (referee)
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the existing knowledge on the evolution of genome size and also to focus on genome in the phylogenetic context. Among angiosperms we find a wide range of C-values (1C = 0.63 pg ? 1C = 127.4 pg), but the modal value is 0.6 pg. We still do not know much about the nature and mechanisms of plant genome size evolution, but we are learning more and more every year. There are already dozens of studies dealing with the dynamics of genome size of smaller taxonomic groups and on four of these they demonstrate possible approaches. Researching within higher taxonomic groups such as families is difficult and so more valuable. New research on the evolution of genome size in the family Zingiberaceae has started and my master thesis dealing with the Globbeae tribe should be part of it.
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Species concept in the genus Trentepohlia (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta): a combination of molecular and morphological approaches
Šafránková, Michala ; Škaloud, Pavel (advisor) ; Hodač, Ladislav (referee)
In this Master's thesis I engage in the problematics of the species concept of green subaerial alga Trentepohlia (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta). This genus has been studied intensively since the 18th century. For more than 200 years, Trentepohlia species have been delimited using various morphological criteria. However, recent molecular studies showed inadequacies in this approach Therefore, my goal was a precise morphological study of the European Trentepohlia species and the re-evaluation of their phylogenetic position using rbcL gene sequencing. During the period 2013-2015, I carried out a detailed study of the oldest references of Trentepohlia species and compiled a delimitation key of the European species. Based on this research I concluded that it would be desirable to synonymize T. odorata with T. jolithus, as well as T. uncinata with T. arborum. I also sampled Trentepohlia species within Europe and carefully studied and described their morphology. Fresh Trentepohlia thalli were molecularly characterized by cloning, which revealed a common mixture of Trentepohlia species in what on a first sight appears to be a homogenous crust. Phylogenetic analyses based on the rbcL confirmed the ongoing inconsistencies among morphologically and molecularly delimited species and also the existence of cryptic...
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Diversity, distribution and genetic structure of the tribe Pipistrellini
Eliášová, Kristýna ; Hulva, Pavel (advisor) ; Fornůsková, Alena (referee)
This literature review discusses phylogenetic relationships within the family Vespertilionidae with a detailed focus on tribus Pipistrellini relations and then the individual genera and species within this tribe. A historical summary of efforts to resolve the phylogenetic relationships within the taxon first on the basis of morphological studies, comparison of karyotype and most recently on the basis of genetic markers. Mitochondrial genetic markers are useful in studying phylogeography, as this paper shows on the example of the Pipistrellus species complex and on species Nyctalus azoreum, Nyctalus leisleri, Nyctalus noctula and Pipistrellus abramus. Furthermore, this work describes the current distribution of individual taxa of tribe, the fossil record and migration behavior of European temperate species in the context of their population structure (also studied in some species using mtDNA and microsatellites) and Annex shows the areas extending all five genera Pipistrellini tribe. Key words: Pipistrellini, phylogenenetics, phylogeography, distribution, population structure
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Avian schistosomes and cercarial dermatitis in Czech Republic: distribution, diverzity and factors influencing their occurrence
Pokrupová, Zuzana ; Bulantová, Jana (advisor) ; Soldánová, Miroslava (referee)
Cercarial dermatitis (CD) is manifested as a strong itchy rash that usually occurs after bathing in the natural water bodies where it makes recreation uncomfortable. As a consequence, the natural swimming areas and be closed because of inconvenient water quality, what subsequently leads to the financial losses. The infection can also affect people working in the natural water bodies as lifeguards (at the natural swimming areas), people monitoring water organisms or water quality etc.). Nowadays, CD in Czech Republic occurs more frequently than in the past. For this reason, the topic of avian schistosomes and CD is very attractive not only for scientists, but newly also for employees of hygienic stations and health institutes. Based on the Act No. 258/2000 Coll. on protection of public health and related executive Decree No. 238/2011 Coll. approved this year their duty will be regular monitoring of official natural swimming areas for causative agents of CD. For the comprehensive overview about the occurrence of the avian schistosomes and CD, up to now, at the localities in the Czech Republic the specialized overview map with the marked catches of avian schistosomes and CD was created in the program ArcGIS Online. This map was made with use the records obtained from the scientific articles, final...
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Molekulární fylogeneze a genetická diverzita nejbližších příbuzných rodu Pisum
Sedláková, Veronika
The topic of this work was studied genetic diversity and phylogeny of selected wild species Lathyrus neurolobus Boiss. & Heldr., which is closely related to cultivated pea, using modern methods of molecular phylogenetics. Genotypes of L. neurolobus were obtained from Department of Botany at Palacký University in Olomouc, genomic DNA was isolated of these genotypes and samples were subjected to analysis using SSR and iPBS markers. It was found that for assessment of genetic diversity is suitable method of iPBS markers, where the average value of polymorphic information content is very high (PIC=0,928). According to evaluated markers polymorphism and assembled dendrograms was found that for search of relationship between place of origin and placement in dendrogram, will be appropriate the method of SSR markers, but only in case of selection informative markers. There was also confirmed transferability of SSR markers designed for pea to wild species of another genus.
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Evoluce genomů vlka a psa a jejich porovnání
Pazii, Oleksandra
The bachelor thesis deals with the study of the first and most common domesticated animal and its ancestors. The emphasis is put on the analysis of the current knowledge of the evolution of the gray wolf and the domestic dog genomes. Based on scientific publications are discussed origin, divergence, scenarios and influence of domestication on breeds. These are genetic fundamentals of phenotypic diversity, relationships between dog breeds, variations in morphology and behavior, and introgression between wolves and dogs. At the end of the thesis there are summarized several methods, used software and results from various molecular phylogenetic researches. A contemporary view of the evolution of all canines, molecular genetic research of the relationships between modern and origin species are key components for achieving the consensus about the place, time and reasons of diversification of dogs and wolves.
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Molekulární fylogeneze a genetická diverzita krytosemenných rostlin
Sobotková, Julie
The thesis deals with molecular analysis of nuclear region ITS and chloroplast regions matK and rbcL in study of particular group of plants. Reprezentatives of the Microteaceae were included in the experiment. This family was set up separately in 2016 and belongs to the order Caryophyllales. DNA was isolated from the herbarium items and the regions were amplified by PCR. The resulting sequenes were obtained by automatic sequencing and then was edited and statistically evaluated. Of the values obtained the most variable region of ITS was determined. The last step was the construction of phylogenetic trees using sequences of all regions. It was found that genus Microtea is mohophyletic and consists of two evolutionary lines (clades).
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Molecular characterization of Grapevine Pinot gris virus in Poland
Pieczonka, Karolina Katarzyna
Samples of different varieties grapevine from Małopolska and Podkarpacie collected on spring 2016 were tested for Grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV) by RT-PCR. 16 out of 65 plants were found positive for GPGV. Two set of primers were used for detection, targeting partial movement protein and coat protein, and RdRp domain, both of those regions were sequenced. Phylogenetic analyses settled the Polish isolates to described before asymptotic group. Also GPGV positive samples were tested by multiplex and simplex RT- PCR for multiple infections, and 18,5% of all samples were GPGV and GFkV positive. This was first survey of GPGV in Poland.
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