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Hodnocení aberace vybraných ploch katastru obce Vlkov
Havlát, Martin
The subject of this research is a level of aberration of soil on selected sites in the land register of Vlkov u Osové Bítýšky village. During a Complex soil survey (1967/1968) were collected three samples In 1966 and 1967, in this territory. From these samples were selected data from texture analysis pH and humus. The old soil sampling sites were re-localized and from the very spots, new samples were taken from the depth of approximately 75 cm in order to gain current results. These new samples were analyzed in a laboratory and these results were compared with the 50 years old ones. This allowed us to evaluate changes in soil on the selected sites.
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Soil erosion as a consequence of forest fires in Portugal. Serra da Freita case study.
Lobo, Eduardo
Portugal is one of the Mediterranean countries that besides its natural condition to occur forest fires, has had an increase of forest fires during the last decades and has a consequence the increase of the burned surface and the costs associated, economic, social and environmental. This study case took place in Serra da Freita, a mountain region in the north of Portugal in the Aveiro District. The aim of this case study was to establish a relation between forest fires, erosion and social consequences for the region. For this purpose, a mixed approach was used with Remote sensing to acquire burn severity (dNBR) by comparing the areas before and after forest fires, soil analyses, and with a questionnaire to the local community to comprehend how they are affected. The results obtained permits to understand that not only the forest fires have a direct impact on the soil erosion, but also affect the local community by promoting the abandonment of the area.
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Návrh protierozního opatření ve vybraném katastrálním území Charvátská Nová Ves
Černá, Izabela
For a compliance of the Diploma thesis task was necessarily to choose an area which is affected by soil degradation caused by an erosion. In that chosen area was rea-lized an analyze of climate, geology, soil, watter and other area characteristics in detail. This area have been analyze by the cross country exploration for getting information about a land use. With the gained data about the area was studied in the program space of Geografic information system from the view of relation to soil erozion. Then were designed a protective arrangements for elimination of the erosion impacts. For these protective measure were analyzed their efectivity of a soil protection.
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Optimalizace uspořádání krajiny modelového území
Machová, Alexandra
The Diplom Thesis deals with the possibilities of agricultural landscape optimization in model area Polička and Pomezí to Pardubice Region. The literary overview attention is paid to the historical development of agriculture, the current state of soil in the Czech Republic and the possibility of improving the current state, especially in the form of land consolidation. In the practical part of the thesis, problematic places of the territory were defined on the basis of detailed analysis. The result of the work is a map of the design of optimization measures and recommendations for recommendations especially for users of agricultural land. The study itself should serve as a basis for possible land consolidation or other landscaping.
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Studie a posouzení protierozních opatření v katastrálním území Záborná
BŮŽKOVÁ, Jana
The diploma thesis deals with an assessment of cadastral territory, which is going through a complex land consolidation. For these purposes, the cadastral area Záborná, that is located in the Vysočina Region, was selected. The main objective of this work is to compare the current state of the territory, in terms of erosion, with the area where the erosion control measures were proposed. Erosion will be calculated using by Wischmeier-Smith's universal soil loss equation. In this cadastral area, it will be necessary to assess in terms of climate, geology and hydrology.
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Protierozní opatření jako prvek ekologické stability krajiny
BAŤHOVÁ, Lucie
The topic of this thesis are erosion control measures as a device of ecological stability (of the landscape). As a region of interest the basin near Velký Ratmírov village, which lies in South Bohemian Regions in Jindřichův Hradec district, was chosen. For the calculations of soil loss values, the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) developed by Wischmeier and Smith was used. For estates with above the threshold values of soil loss, the preventive anti-erosion measures as a crop rotation and diking (dyking) were suggested.
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Soil and terrain changes as a result of increased erosion and accumulation processes in selected locations
Votýpka, Jan ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Zádorová, Tereza (referee)
Soil and terrain changes as a result of increased erosion and accumulation processes in selected locations Abstract Colluvial soils are formed in areas with increased intensity of soil erosion. Colluvial soils originate as a result of their position in terrain, they are usually found in places where has accumulated erosion material. Very often they are to be found at the around of slopes. Their accumulation horizon is deeper than 25 cm with a great amount of organic carbon buried in it. In my diploma thesis I will attempt to take a closer look at three locations, each having different types of dominant soils. The aim of this diploma thesis is to rebuild the original shape of the terrain before the beginning of the soil erosion process. Keywords: colluvial soil, soil erosion, soil accumulation, land use, digital terrain model (DTM)
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Surface runoff generation and its erosion processes
Kalibová, Jana ; Kovář, Pavel (advisor) ; Štibinger, Jakub (referee)
Research of model simulations of hydrological data for water resources studies and field and laboratory experiments testing the effectiveness of erosion control geotextiles using rainfall simulators is summarized in this dissertation. The results of the research have been used to suggest a water regime optimisation in the catchment of a former mining pit Medard-Libík. Although agricultural and forestry reclamation measures have been applied, rill erosion still appears on some slopes within the catchment. The soil loss and sediment transport result in the deterioration of the crop yield, cause damage on the road and drainage systems and also influence the quality of water in the lake arising by flooding the former mining pit.
The first part of the dissertation provides a review on surface runoff and its erosion processes. Next, bio-technical erosion control measures on slopes are summarised. The third part of the dissertation is devoted to a simulation of surface runoff on a model slope in the Medard Catchment. The main aim was to test whether the KINFIL model is suitable for the simulation of the effectiveness of erosion control geotextiles and suggest an appropriate erosion control measures for the eroded slopes in the Medard Catchment.
The KINFIL model seems to be a useful tool to quantify the effectiveness of individual erosion control products and measures in order to find the most convenient option. The simulations carried out in the dissertation corresponded to the results of field and laboratory experiments testing the impact of geotextiles on surface runoff and soil erosion published earlier.
A well-balanced rainfall-runoff regime in the Medard Catchment would increase the stability of the landscape, reduce the cost of restoration of the damage caused by erosion to road and drainage systems and improve the water quality by elimination of the sediment transport. The results of this dissertation may be offered to the public administration or private stakeholders to control erosion within the reclamation of areas affected by mining activities.
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Use of soil conservation technologies in the growing of sugar beet
Hybler, Jakub ; Urban, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Vladimír, Vladimír (referee)
More recently we meet with many extremes of weather. One such are sudden and heavy rainstorms. Now most these rains endanger the agricultural land the emergence of water erosion. Most sensitive to water erosion are wide row crops, including sugar beet also. For these reasons, in recent years we paid great attention to the impact of tillage effects on soil water erosion.
The aim of this thesis was evaluate the influence of autumn tillage on water erosion soil in the stand of sugar beet, but also on the yield and quality parameters of the crop. A secondary aim was to assess the effect of increasing the leafy ground cover beet on water erosion soil.
For this purpose over the years 2012-2015 based on accurate field trials on lands Agro Chomutice Inc. Experiments were set up in three variants namely shallow loosening (10 cm) deep plowing (25 cm) deep loosening (25 cm). In various growth phases proceeds artificial rainfall. In the first growth phase was not sugarbeet involved either in row and not in the between rows. In the second growth phase of the beet involved in the row between rows but not yet. In the third growth phase has been fully involved growth. Itself artificial rainfall was performed field simulator rain and was observed soil loss from individual variants.
At artificial rainfall it was found that sugar beet is the most threatened by water erosion soil in the early growth phase and at this phase the most evident difference autumn tillage to sugar beets. In the first growth phase of sugar beet, which was carried artificial rainfall, the best results both for deep loosening and deep plowing. In 2012 (24. 5. 2012) was measured with a deep loosening of soil loss of 1.30 t ha-1, representing a decrease of 64.76% compared to the shallow loosening and by 40.91% compared to deep plowing. Conversely, in 2014 (2. 6. 2014) was evaluated as the best variant of deep plowing the soil loss of 0.11 t ha-1. Such loss soil is 78.43% less compared to the deep loosening and lower by 91.41% compared to the shallow loosening. Similar results were achieved for both deep loosening and deep plowing in the later phases of growth, which was carried artificial rainfall. From the results it was found that the sugar beet at later growth phases better resists water erosion. This is illustrated in 2012, when the first artificial rainfall (24. 5. 2012) was observed soil loss of 2.20 t ha-1 for deep plowing. In the second artificial rainfall (6. 6. 2012) 0.03 t ha-1, and the third (1. 8. 2012) have been measured zero loss soil. The same results were achieved in the following experimental years.
On deep loosening achieved the largest root yield (99.71 t ha-1), but the difference between deep plowing (99.32 t ha-1) was only 0.39%. The highest sugar content reached variant with deep loosening (18.95%). When the statistical treatment has not been established between the variants statistically significant difference. The greatest yield root recalculated at 16% sugar content reached variant with deep loosening (122.32 t ha-1), but again the difference between deep plowing (119.81 t ha-1) was only 2.10%.
Results from four years has clearly demonstrated beneficial effect of deep loosening and deep tillage on soil water erosion in the sugar beet crop. Furthermore, it was found that with increasing abundances leaf and root growth of sugar beet decreases danger of water erosion. Sugar beet is the most susceptible to water erosion in the early phases of growth, and at this time was applied deep autumn tillage. For a fully wired vegetation were not detected significant loss soil, and at this time ceases to be a dangerous erosion sugar beet crop. For yield and quality parameters of sugar beet was found positive effect of deep loosening and deep tillage on yield and quality of sugar beet. The least favorable results in all experimental years was achieved in a shallow loosening.
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