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Determinanty životní úrovně spotřebitelů v zemích EU
Řezníková, Lucie
The diploma thesis deals with important determinants that affect living standards in the countries of the European Union. The living standard is measured using chosen composite indicators. The thesis uses a multidimensional regression ana-lysis, which confirms the relevancy of the selected determinants and quantifies their influence on the value of a particular indicator. Selected factors represent independent variables. The thesis monitors the extent to which selected determi-nants explain living standards in EU countries. Next is used factor analysis to veri-fy the correct choice of determinants. Factor analysis reduces a large number of variables and creates latent factors, to which assigns the score. Score of factors enters again to regression analysis. The differences between the EU countries, which are caused by the incomes and satisfaction factors, are commented in the last part of the thesis. Differences are identified by cluster analysis.
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Divergent standards of living among similar households
Charvát, Daniel
The diploma thesis examines sources of poverty and material deprivation among households that exhibit similar characteristics in the Czech Republic. The data originate from the European Union - Survey on Income and Living Conditions between years 2009 - 2015. For the analysis, two rounds of binomial logistic regressions were carried out with poverty status and material deprivation as dependent factors. First, a total of 28 400 unique households were included in both models. Afterwards, a nearest-neighbor matching procedure was used to pair households that (1) live in poverty and (2) are materially deprived. That led to (1) 5 378 and (2) 9 406 observations for the subsequent estimations. The outcomes suggest that even when the similarity between households is accounted for the unemployment status is the most influential factor of poverty and material deprivation, alongside with low equivalised disposable income. Furthermore, the households for which housing costs entail great burden are among the more threatened. Numerous households are more likely to be poor and deprived while larger houses and flats are related with lesser odds of poverty and material deprivation.
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Vplyv ekonomiky jednotlivých krajín Európskej únie na spotrebiteľské správanie
Horáková, Katarína
This Bachelor thesis deals with differences in consumer behaviour in consideration of economics indexes and indexes of living standards. The aim of this thesis is to point out differences in consumer behaviour and approximate the economic situation and the level of living standard which is in chosen states. These facts have been examined in five member states of European Union specifically in Czech Republic, Denmark, Italy, Austria and Great Britain. The nature of the work was sufficient to use secondary data. All necessary data were found on the website of European statistic office – Eurostat. In literary research is this issue processed of the theoretical point of view. In the practical part specific numerical data are showed, their development and based on comparation the set objectives are fulfilled. The states are very similar based on the classification of individual consumption, even though each country belongs to another cultural affinity zones. Major differences are observed in macroeconomic indicators and living conditions. Finally, by correlation analysis is approximated relationship between income and actual individual consumption. This relationship has been proved to be statistically significant only in the case of the United Kingdom, in the other countries the statistical significance has not been demonstrated.
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Pracovní migrace a ekonomický růst Chile
Šmídová, Nikola
The economic development of a country depends on many factors, such as resources, country strategies, and labour force. Exploring the correlation between economic deve-lopment, regional disparities and migration is constantly in the interest of not only state authorities but also entrepreneurs and foreign investors. Chile ranks among the most advanced and economically strongest countries of the South America. Santiago de Chile, located in the Metropolitan Region, is the dominant area of Chile due to the country’s size and geographical location. Santiago de Chile is not only the capital city of Chile but also the largest and fastest-growing city in the whole country. Major industries, trade and services are situated there. Therefore, people mostly migrate to this main area, which causes many social problems. Based on a current situation analysis, the thesis proposes concrete suggestions for improvement.
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Životní úroveň seniorů a způsoby jejího měření
Antošová, Veronika
The doctoral thesis offers a comprehensive view of income situation of the elderly and evaluates methodological procedures and indicators used for assessing the standard of living of seniors in the Czech Republic. This thesis describes status of the elderly in society according to the amount of their income. Furthermore, it offers an analysis categorised by regions. Moreover, it deals with depth of poverty and amount of funds needed, and it also compares differences between the working and non-working seniors. The thesis combines qualitative and quantitative data from the EU SILC and Household budgert survey (HBS) surveys, and from a primary survey in a form of a questionnaire. The results might be applied in social policy and in developing indicators of living standards.
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Analýza životní úrovně a její vývoj v Moravskoslezském kraji ve srovnání s ČR
Potočárová, Zuzana
This thesis deals with living standard in the territory of the Moravian-Silesian Region in comparison with the Czech Republic. Analyzes indicators determining the standard of living in the ten-year term from 2004 to 2014. All data was taken from the Czech Statistical Office. The analysis of secondary data standard of living is complemented by a questionnaire survey of primary data that capture the subjective view of the population on their living standards. Observed data were compared between both territories.
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Standard of living in the Czech Republic in comparison with its neighbouring countries
Košková, Magdaléna ; Neumann, Pavel (advisor) ; Sankot, Ondřej (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to assess the standard of living in the Czech Republic and compare it to Germany, Austria, Slovakia and Poland. The countries are compared based on following indicators of standard of living: gross domestic product in purchasing power parity per capita, gross national income in purchasing power parity per capita, Human Development Index, Inequality adjusted Human Development Index, Lorenz Curve and Gini coefficient all studied in the year 2015 with the development from 1990 to 2015 considered. In the theoretical part of this thesis, the problem of defining and measuring standard of living is analysed in detail and the applied indicators of standard of living are briefly explained. The thesis analyses the standard of living of given countries based on previously said indicators, it also briefly researches the approach of governments of those countries and their historical and cultural conditions, which are crucial for the standard of living. Finally, the standard of living of the countries is compared and evaluated. Set hypothesis is that the critical view of Czechs on the standard of living in the Czech Republic is not justified. Therefore, the state and the development of satisfaction of the Czechs through the reference period is included as well.
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Business Environment of the US and the EU - Comparison
Dufala, Mario ; Müller, Štěpán (advisor) ; Tsybyktarov, Aldar (referee)
The Bachelor Thesis aims to compare the business environment in the EU and the US. It is divided into four chapters. The first is dedicated to the definition of enterprise, the business environment, the standard of living and the quality of life. In the second and third, we focus on the history of the US and the European Union and their business environment. The fourth, final chapter, compares the business environment in the US and the EU. To compare, we use the results published by multinational organizations. At the end of this chapter, we discuss the relationship between the business environment, the standard of living and the quality of life.
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Analysis of the purchasing power of wages in the Czech Republic between 2004-2017
Vodžák, Milan ; Štípek, Vladimír (advisor) ; Ševčíková, Michaela (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to analyze the purchasing power of wages in the Czech Republic, which achieves very poor results. I discuss the market, historical and institutional factors that can cause wage differences on the basis of comparison with the states of Europe. I analyze the popular problem with the economic apparatus and propose solutions that can prevent the outflow of a qualified workforce and raise the living standards of the population. On a theoretical basis, I discuss the labour productivity and its possible causes, which are mainly human capital and technological equipment. Further, I explain the historical context of the socialist era and the institutional factors in the labour markets. In the practical part, using the causal analysis and comparison, I find, with the help of the Human Development Index, the states with high standards of living, that I compare with the Czech Republic. I detect, that investing in education or research and development has no clear impact on labour productivity, which is low in Czech Republic. Historical data confirm, that in the monitored period 2004-2017, Czech wages grew more than wages in Western Europe, but the wage approach is far away. I also analyze the impact of high labour costs, civil servants, governmental and currency interventions, and lastly, I show forecasts of purchasing power evolution, that seems positive.
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