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Study of physiological changes in plants under stress by zinc ions
Adam, Rostislav ; Soudek, Petr (advisor) ; Petrová, Šárka (referee)
Heavy metals are part of us life for many centuries. Some of them are for living organism neccessary, but in large amount they have toxic effects. So we should decrease amount of heavy metals in the Environment. We have many way to do it. A relatively new way are the phytoremediation. If we would use the phytoremediation, we should know, what they do in plants. We must use specific plants, which are tolerant to certain heavy metal. If we would select a suitable plant, we have to try, how heavy metals in soil solution are toxic to plants. Zinc is no expection, although it is important part of many proteins. In plants it make rusty leaves and reduct aboveground and root biomass production. In hydroponic experiment I investigated that mallow Malva verticillata was very sensitive to low additon of Zn(NO3)2. The toxic efect appeared in 2 weeks. In sorghum Sorghum bicolor zinc show expressive toxic effect at concentration 1 mmol/l. I studied six cultivars of Sorghum bicolor, DSM 14-535, Expres, Honey Graze BMR, Nutri Honey, Sucrosorgho 506 and Sweet Virginia. According EC50 I as- sessed that the most sensitive was Sucrosorgho 506 and very tolerant were Nutri Honey and Sweet Virginia. Cultivar Nutri Honey was characteristic. It had the highest ratio concentration in shoot to concentration in root. I studied...
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Pre-sowing seed treatment of sorghum for germination at stress conditions
Šourek, Petr ; Pazderů, Kateřina (advisor) ; Ludmila, Ludmila (referee)
Abstract
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. moench) is one of the most important food grain. But in the Czech republic is sorghum only alternative crop. It is an interesting alternative instead of maize not only like a food crop, but for feed animals and an energetic use.
Germination of some seeds is inhibited various of factors, for one thing time of ripe, for one thing existence various inhibitors etc. For that reason is an effort adjust some seeds before sowing suitable methods. Seed hydratation is usualy method seed treatment before sowing in last years on many varietes of crops. Seed hydratation is perform like a methods for improvement seed properties of seed of sowing, primary for faster germination and growth and at the same time reduct minimal temperature for germination , sensitiveness to water stress and absence an oxygen at germination.
The thesis deals with seed germination of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) in adverse (stress) conditions this time in water stress conditions.
The aim of this thesis was to asses possibilites of influencing germination seed of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) in stress conditions. on rudimentthis research there were rate genotypes, they are resistance drought at germination. At the same time was review the best method of seed hydratations for better ressistance to drough at germination.
For practise it was foun, that using this test it is possible to test germination in earlier conditions and determine based on find, which varietes is cultivate in this conditions.
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Production yield of sorghum grown for biogas production
Adamčík, Jiří ; Pulkrábek, Josef (advisor) ; Vladimír, Vladimír (referee)
Low temperature during germination is a major limiting factor affecting growth of sugar sorghum in the Czech Republic. The aim of the study was to determine the ability of stimulated seeds germinate in slightly adverse conditions (less optimal temperatures) and evaluate the impact of biologically active compounds to faster germination of sorghum seeds and next plant growth. Two sorghum seed lots were treated by auxinous preparations Lexin and M Sunagreen. Germination was tested in germination chamber at temperatures 12, 15, 18 and 21 °C in the dark for 14 days. The results confirm stimulation of sugar sorghum seeds and increase of the germination speed at lower temperatures. Top acting biologically active agent (for faster germination) was Lexin. This product has a significant impact on increasing of the seed vigour. In less favorable conditions (12 ° C) application of Lexin increase germination speed of sorghum seeds by a full five days. Shortening of mean germination time was detected after M-Sunagreen application too. 25 cm row spacing on sorghum sugar and 50 cm on the grain sorghum were the best in our experiments. We have found that fertilizer Urea Stabil before sowing at a dose of 80 kg N.ha1 and then the same dose fertilization in stage BBCH 35 is preferred.
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Sweet sorghum as a feed component in the complete feed mixtures for fattened rabbits
Lajerová, Martina ; Plachý, Vladimír (advisor) ; Jaromír, Jaromír (referee)
The literary part of the thesis deals with the nutrition of rabbits, their digestive system, nutrients, caecotrophy, nutritional requirements and an overview of suitable feed. The second part of the review describes sorghum, its characteristics, nutritional substances and its use as a feed component in the complete feed mixtures.
The experimental part includes evaluating the appropriateness dried plant sorghum as a feed component with low starch for rabbits. The aim of the study was to determine the nutritional value of sorghum as a feed component in the diet of broiler rabbits.
Dried and milled green mass sorghum was included in two levels (10% and 18%) in the experimental compound feed for fattened Hyla rabbits.
Complete feed mixtures have been compiled, based on the nutritional requirements of rabbits in fattening period. It was administered to 27 animals (9 per group), they were weighed and monitored during the experiment. During the experiment were monitored parameters fattening (growth, feed conversion). Based on analyzes of feed and feces was determined by total digestible nutrients selected. Balance digestibility was calculated as the difference between the nutrient content of the feed and the solid feces, expressed by digestibility coefficient (%).
The best values in the balance sheet amounted digestibility control mixture K. However, the animals thrived and grew well even when fed experimental mixtures C+10 and C+18 represented by dried green mass sorghum. On the basis of the nutritional balance examination it was not possible to disprove the hypothesis that sweet sorghum is appropriate component into complete feed mixtures for fattened rabbits.
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Effect of different width of rows on biomass yield and dry matter content at growing sorghum
KUBEŠ, Pavel
The aim of this thesis was to determine the effect of row spacing on sorghum yields and dry matter. The trial was established on 29 May 2015 on land belonging to the Agricultural Cooperative Milevsko, which is situated in the corn-growing area. The trial compared four varieties of sorghum, namely Aristos, Goliath, KWS Freya and KWS Sole. The varieties were sown in different row spacings, namely 75 cm, 60 cm, 45 cm a 30 cm. The samples taken on three dates were analysed for dry matter content. Each variety showed a gradual increase in the dry matter content. During the harvest on 5 October 2015 the varieties KWS Freya and KWS Sole reached an optimal value of the dry matter when planted in all spacings. All varieties produced the highest average yield of green matter when planted in rows spaced 60 cm apart. The variety Aristos produced the highest average yield of green matter. The KWS Sole variety reached the lowest average yield of green matter when planted in rows 76 cm apart. All varieties with 60 cm row spacings, except for KWS Sole, produced the highest average yield of dry matter. The highest average yield of dry matter was reached by Aristos and the lowest by KWS Sole. The results of the one-year trial did not prove a direct connection of the effect of row spacing on dry matter. The effect of row spacing on green and dry matter yield was proved. The optimum row spacing seems to be 60 cm.
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Growing of energy crops - yield parameters
NĚMEC, Václav
Thesis deals with renewables resources, potential of biomass and plants phytomass. We focused on the cultivation of selected energy crops, as perennial grasses Elymus elongatus (subsp. ponticus, cv. Szarvasi-1), reed canary grass, miscanthus sinensis and annual crops of maize and sorghum. The practical part is aimed to the establishment of small plot trials with a variety Szarvasi-1, reed canary grass and miscanthus. We described the methods of field experiment establishing with crop Szarvasi-1 of their treatment and harvest. The results of our own experiments we compared with the literature data. The last part deals with the economy of growing selected crops.
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Growing sorghum and maize for forage purposes
KUBEŠ, Pavel
Maize and sorghum are the most important crops worldwide, used for fodder, food and technical purposes. The aim of this thesis is to summarize information about the properties of these crops and possibilities of their usage as fodder plants. The sorghum is compared to determine the effect of the inter-row spacing on the yield of each variety of sorghum plant. The comparison resulted in the statement that the inter-row spacing has a significant effect on the yield of each species. The experiments proved that 12.5 50 cm rows resulted in the highest yields while the 75 cm rows showed decrease in the yields. The qualitative parameters of maize were tested for nutrient composition in relation to dry matter. The sources established that the optimum dry matter of the harvested material ranges between 30 33 %. It is the dry matter when the plants contain water-soluble sugar needed for fermentation process and animal nutrition. These plants also contain sufficiently high proportion of starch. The dry matter of the plant lower than 28 % and higher than 35 % is not suitable for silage.
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Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) MOENCH) and its utilization possibilities in the condition of the Czech Republic
Hermuth, Jiří ; Janovská, Dagmar ; Strašil, Zdeněk ; Usťak, Sergej ; Hýsek, Josef
Sorghum is one of the oldest used crops. Presently, it is one of the five most cultivated cereals in the world for human nutrition. This methodology includes a comprehensive view of sorghum cultivation and presents the newest knowledge in range from botanical taxonomy to the possibilities of utilization. In this publication, there are included not only our own results but there are also results from the world scientific publications. There are characterized selected species of sorghum suitable for different climatic conditions of the Czech Republic. There are described all aspects and procedures, which can influence the final production of selected sorghum varieties including their quality from the point of view of biogas production.
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