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Effect of dysbiosis on proportion of particular neutrophil subsets and their functional capacities
Sklenářová, Lydie ; Hrdý, Jiří (advisor) ; Dobeš, Jan (referee)
The gut microbiota is crucial for maintaining physiological balance and influences metabolic processes, immune responses, and intestinal barrier function. Dysbiosis, or the imbalance of microbial composition, is associated with a range of health complications, including chronic inflammatory conditions such as non-specific intestinal inflammations. Inflammatory processes associated with dysbiosis and changes in microbial metabolites can directly affect the activation of neutrophils, impacting the pathogenesis of various diseases. Probiotics, defined as live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host, offer the potential for positive modulation of these inflammatory conditions The aim of this thesis was to explore how experimentally induced intestinal dysbiosis affects the heterogeneity of neutrophils in the bone marrow. Dysbiosis was induced by administering antibiotics to mice, which were subsequently treated with the probiotic strain Escherichia coli O83:K24:H31 (EcO83). Neutrophil phenotypes were assessed using flow cytometry based on the expression of surface markers CD11b, Ly6G, CD62L, and CXCR2. Meanwhile, gene expression related to their antimicrobial functions and the inflammatory environment was analyzed by quantitative PCR. The results...
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Impact of leisure and social activites on quality of life among erderly in Europe - SHARE data analysis
Pluhařová, Markéta
Impact of leisure and social activites on quality of life among erderly in Europe - SHARE data analysis Abstract Due to demographic aging, the quality of life of an increasing proportion of seniors is becoming more important than ever. According to activity theory and the concept of active aging, active life is a way to experience good old age. The diploma thesis focuses on the impacts of leisure and social activities on the quality of life of elderly over 65 in 17 European countries. Sixth wave data from The Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) from 2015 and the easySHARE panel dataset are analyzed using binary regression analysis and multilevel modeling using binary regression analysis. The relationship of 11 selected activities, which were divided for the needs of this thesis into social, individual activities and activities aimed at helping others, and quality of life is controlled for socio-economic, demographic and health characteristics. Quality of life is meassured using the CASP-12 indicator. For social and individual activities, active elderly have a higher chance of a high quality of life (CASP-12 score> 39) than inactive. Elderly who do not provide personal care assistance to people from the same household also have a better chance than caregivers. Key words ageing, ageing of...
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Results evaluation of reverse shoulder arthroplasty during physiotherapeutic intervention
Roztočilová, Dominika ; Fulín, Petr (advisor) ; Plecháčová, Marie (referee)
BACHELOR THESIS ABSTRACT Author: Dominika Roztočilová Supervisor: doc. MUDr. Petr Fulín, Ph.D., MBA Consultant: Ing. Milan Šebek Title: Results evaluation of reverse shoulder arthroplasty during physiotherapeutic intervention Abstract: This bachelor thesis deals with the topic of reverse shoulder arthroplasties and functional outcomes of the shoulder joint after the implantation. The aim of this thesis is to apply described physiotherapeutic approach to a selected group of patients and to evaluate the outcomes of shoulder joint function at given intervals during the postoperative physiotherapeutic intervention. The aim of the thesis is also to analyse current studies about this topic, compare the results and compare the effectiveness of different physiotherapeutic approaches. The theoretical part summarizes knowledge about the anatomy, kinesiology of the shoulder girdle and biomechanics of the shoulder joint. It also discusses shoulder replacements, especially the reverse implants. Furthremore, principles of physiotherapeutic postoperative intervention are described and physiotherapeutic approaches are outlined. The practical part of the thesis is procesed in the form of a research. It includes 8 patients who underwent implantation of a reverse arthroplasty and subsequent physiotherapeutic intervention. For...
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Development of LC-MS method for compounds used for determination of cytochrome activity
Smolík, Martin ; Lochman, Lukáš (advisor) ; Horáček, Ondřej (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis Candidate: Bc. Martin Smolík Supervisor: PharmDr. Lukáš Lochman, Ph.D. Consultant: prof. PharmDr. Petr Pávek, Ph.D. Title of thesis: Development of LC-MS method for compounds used for determination of cytochrome activity. Cytochromes P450 (CYP450) are enzymes that play a key role in the metabolism of xenobiotics and some endobiotics (cholesterol, steroid hormones, and eicosanoids). They are present in the liver, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and kidneys. Determination of CYP450 activity is a valuable tool to detect drug interactions resulting from inhibition or induction of various isoforms of this enzyme. This thesis is devoted to the development and validation of a new analytical method using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of activity CYP450 isoforms 3A4, 2C9, and 2B6, which are crucial for the metabolism of many drugs and biologically active substances. In the framework of this thesis, a new method was developed providing a fast, accurate, and reliable measurement of the activity of these enzymes based on the quantification of specific CYP450 substrates, namely midazolam (3A4), diclofenac (2C9), bupropion (2B6) and their...
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The testing of familiar relationship in the identification genetics
Bobková, Alena ; Vaněk, Daniel (advisor) ; Zemanová, Zuzana (referee)
This bachelor's thesis analyses kinship testing in identification genetics, which is a discipline enabling the genetic identification of individuals and the determination of genetic relatedness between them. This thesis covers a wide range of applications from forensic analysis through genealogical studies to biodiversity conservation. This field has been rapidly growing and gaining on importance since the 1980s, when the foundations of DNA fingerprinting were laid based on the discovery of hypervariable minisatellite regions in the genome. This thesis aims to provide an overview of methods and techniques that are used for genetic identification and kinship testing. The thesis discusses genetic markers such as STRs or SNPs, which are the basis for genetic profiling, are discussed. In addition statistical methods for evaluating genetic match and methodologies for determining the probability of kinship are also discussed. Finally, practical applications of identification genetics are presented, including its use in forensic science or in case of solving genealogical questions. The potential and future development of the technologies and their impact on society is discussed at the end of the thesis. Thus, the thesis contributes to a better understanding of the importance and opportunities of...
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Mammalian proteins carrying zinc finger arrays
Vobruba, Adam ; Svoboda, Petr (advisor) ; Mašek, Jan (referee)
A zinc finger is a small peptide motif stabilised by a single zinc ion, best known for its capability to specifically bind a 3-nucleotide sequence of DNA, depending on the exact amino acids present in the DNA-binding positions. Zinc fingers are unique in their ability to freely link together and form longer tandem arrays, which can bind DNA targets of any length and sequence determined by the combination of individual fingers. These arrays can easily mutate and be rebuilt to change binding specificity, allowing great flexibility and helping zinc fingers to their widespread presence in numerous endogenous proteins of various functions. This property of zinc finger arrays also made them a suitable tool for the creation of custom DNA- binding domains for genetic engineering. This thesis provides an overview of the discovery, structure and function of these domains and then reviews and discusses selected naturally occurring mammalian zinc finger proteins and their properties, showcasing diverse uses zinc finger arrays have been adapted for throughout evolution. The history and future of zinc fingers in artificial proteins created for gene therapy and research are discussed as well. Keywords: zinc finger, ZnF, KRAB, KZFP, CTCF, PRDM9, ZFN, mammals
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Juniper pastures in the Wallachia area and predictors of their preservation
Mizera, Ondřej ; Křenová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Mudrák, Ondřej (referee)
Common juniper (Juniperus communis), as a species of predominantly open habitats, used to be part of semi-natural grassland communities, such a pastures. In the area of Moravian Wallachia (eastern part of the Czech Republic) this type of grassland is known as juniper pasture, however as in the whole of Europe, it is a type of habitat that is disappearing rapidly from the landscape, among other reasons due to the absence of juveniles in the population. A total of 20 potentially preserved juniper pastures were identified within nine cadastral areas in the Moravian Wallachia (Beskydy Protected Landscape Area) and visited during the vegetation period. The total number of J. communis individuals was recorded, including their dendrometric (crown height and radius) and descriptive characteristics (sex, vitality, developmental stage, sociability, form). Characteristics of vegetation cover and type of site management were also recorded to define the main factors influencing the vitality and proportion of juvenile individuals in the population of J. communis. Field research was supplemented by analyses of orthophotos and topographical data processed in a GIS environment. In total 2,896 juniper were recorded at 20 locations, while the population of J. communis in the area of interest can be characterized by...
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Development of sensitive determination of diclofenac using fluorescent properties of complexes with cyclodextrins
Pekařová, Ivana ; Sklenářová, Hana (advisor) ; Chocholouš, Petr (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of analytical chemistry Candidate: Ivana Pekařová Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Hana Sklenářová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Development of sensitive determination of diclofenac using fluorescent properties of complexes with cyclodextrins This experimental thesis deals with the development of a sensitive determination using the formation and detection of a complex consisting of an active substance and cyclodextrin (CD) using sequential injection analysis (SIA). A spectrofluorometer was used for subsequent detection. The tested biologically active substance was diclofenac in the form of sodium salt. In the beginning the conditions for setting the spectrofluorometer, namely the appropriate excitation and emission wavelengths, which were 364,5 and 290 nm, slit size and detection sensitivity were found. After that, 13 CDs were used in order to find the appropriate type and ratio of CD with diclofenac so that the measured fluorescence intensity differs from the intensity of CD alone. This testing divided the CDs into 4 groups. When testing the stability of selected complexes, the increase or decrease in fluorescence intensity over time was monitored to ensure the formation of complexes with CD. SIA was used to automate the determination,...
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Analysis of the success of category A contestants in the Geography Olympiad on the example of the Praha-východ district
Konečný, Jaroslav ; Jelen, Jakub (advisor) ; Krajňáková, Lenka (referee)
The present bachelor thesis deals with the analysis of the success rate of the competitors of category A of the district round of the Geography Olympiad on the basis of their preparation for the competition. The model region of Prague-East was chosen for the analysis. The aim of the thesis is how the contestants prepared for the competition and what aspects of their preparation played a role in their subsequent success in the competition. A sub-objective was to find out whether geographically gifted pupils are found among the most successful competitors. These objectives were narrowed down to a number of research questions to which answers were sought using a questionnaire survey and focus group interviews. It was found that the preparation for the competition varied among the competitors. Some aspects of preparation play a more important role than others. A possible deficiency in some students' preparedness may be little or no involvement by teachers in the preparation process. Key words aptitude in geography, gifted student, preparation for the competition, Geography Olympiad
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Interference in the photochemical generation of volatile Se species using TiO2 photocatalyst
Nentvich, Daniel ; Nováková, Eliška (advisor) ; Hraníček, Jakub (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the study of interferences in the method of UV-photochemical vapour generation of volatile Se species in formic acid media catalysed by nanocrystalline titanium dioxide. High resolution continuum source atomic absorption spectrometry was used for detection. It was observed that SeVI was less resistant to pH change relative to SeIV , while at pH = 2.3, a 20% increase in response was observed for this specie. It was further observed that both the generated volatile SeIV and SeVI species are resistant to UV radiation in the gas phase. The Cu2+ and Ag+ ions were particularly significant interferents in the SeIV determination. Interference behaviour was also observed for Cd2+ ions and silver nanoparticles. In the case of Cd2+ ions, the generation of cadmium selenide was likely observed. For Zn2+ , Fe2+ , Co2+ ions, there was an increase in response of more than 30% and 40%, in case of Ni2+ ions. The Co2+ and Ni2+ ions were chosen as reaction modifiers. For the UV-photochemical vapour generation of selenium species with photocatalyst and reaction modifiers, there was a 4-fold improvement in detection limits and limits of quantification compared to the method without these modifiers. In addition, the overall generation efficiencies for SeIV (64.7 %) and SeVI (68.6 %) were...
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