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Education of mothers about breastfeeding at the general practitioner for children and adolescents.
BEŇOVÁ, Aneta
Introduction: This bachelor's thesis is concerned with maternal breastfeeding education in a general practitioner for children and adolescents. Breast milk is the most natural food for the baby if the mother has a proper lifestyle. It also contains all the essential vitamins, nutrients and minerals that a baby needs for healthy development. Breastfeeding is a complex process and mothers are discharged to the home environment very early, thus there is little time for education during hospitalization. After discharge from the hospital, the educational process about the newborn is passed on to the paediatric nurse and the paediatric and adolescent general practitioner, which includes breastfeeding. The aim of the education is that the mother is informed about both theoretical knowledge and appropriate practical practices about breastfeeding. Objectives: The first objective was to find out how nurses at the general practitioner for children and adolescents educate mothers about breastfeeding. The second aim was to find out how mothers are satisfied with the education provided by the nurse practitioner for children and adolescents. Results: The study revealed that nurses most often educate mothers using verbal, practical and written methods. Mothers are most often educated during preventive check-ups, in the nursing clinics or individually according to the mother's needs. Furthermore, the research showed that four mothers out of eleven were not satisfied with the education. Then, the research showed that re-education for mothers who have a second child is lacking or insufficient because nurses assume they already know everything, but two mothers were satisfied. The reassurance given to them by the nurses was sufficient. One mother was not re-educated and another mother of two was partially re-educated. Furthermore, the research shows that two first-time mothers were satisfied with the nurse's breastfeeding education and another mother who had her first child rated her education as sufficient. Conclusion: Our research shows that there are differences in the statements of the two research groups regarding maternal education by the nurse at the GP for children and adolescents. This issue should be further addressed to avoid negative experiences of nurse education about breastfeeding at the paediatric and adolescent GP, and to ensure that more mothers continue breastfeeding after discharge from hospital. This undergraduate thesis can contribute to improving maternal breastfeeding education by nurses at the GP for children and adolescents and the results will be presented at the Lactation League conference.
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Kultúrne kompetentná starostlivosť v dvadsiatom prvom storočí
ČERVENÝ, Martin
The issue of providing nursing care for patients from another culture is a hot topic. The rapidly changing sociodemographic makeup of the population brings many benefits and cultural challenges to clinical nursing. However, many cultural challenges can be navigated by developing cultural competence among nurses. The main objective of this dissertation is to evaluate, analyse and compare nurses' cultural competence levels in the Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Hungary and Poland. Another aim is to discover the cultural challenges encountered when treating patients from other cultures in these countries. The standardized Cultural Competence Assessment instrument and a non-standardized questionnaire examining cultural challenges in nursing clinical practice were used for data collection, both of which were administered online. Data collection was conducted in four countries. SASD 1.5.8 and IBM SPSS ver. 28 were utilized for data processing. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, Chi-square test, test of Independence and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to verify the correlation between variables. The research sample consisted of a total of 766 nurses from selected countries. A total of 202 nurses from the Czech Republic, 222 from Slovakia, 124 from Hungary, and 218 from Poland participated in the study. The results of the study show that the most dominant cultural challenge in the clinical practice of nurses in the selected countries is the language barrier. Evaluation of cultural competencies showed that the majority of nurses in the selected countries consider themselves culturally competent. Female nurses from the selected states exhibit a higher level of cultural competencies than their male counterparts. The nursing position also influences the level of cultural competence. It was found that Slovakian, Czech, and Polish charge nurses demonstrate higher scores in the area of cultural awareness and sensitivity. Conversely, Slovakian, Hungarian, and Polish general nurses have higher scores in the area of culturally competent behaviour, with Czech charge nurses achieving the highest scores. Also, a statistical correlation between education and cultural competence was found. Czech, Slovak, and Hungarian nurses with higher education demonstrate a higher level of cultural competence. It is noteworthy, however, that undergoing diversity education training does not impact cultural competence. The results of this study show the current issues in culturally competent care of patients from different cultures. Cultural competence is an essential component of quality and safe care for any patient. By addressing the identified factors, it is possible to increase the cultural competence of nurses and thus improve the quality of care provided.
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The educational role of the nurse working in primary care
MARKOVÁ, Monika
The thesis focuses on the educational role of the nurse working in primary care. Education is the upbringing and training of an individual, the aim of which is to change their behaviour, attitudes, actions and beliefs. Primary care is comprehensive and coordinated care. It is a set of activities that focus mainly on prevention, health promotion, but also on treatment, therapy and examination. High demands are placed on the primary care nurse in terms of the proper and smooth running of the practice, administration or performance of procedures. The first aim of this thesis was to find out how nurses working in primary care educate and motivate their patients to make lifestyle changes. The second aim was to find out in which areas the nurse most frequently educates. The practical part of the thesis is developed through qualitative research. The research population consists of twelve nurses working in practices of adult general practitioners. The data was collected using a semi-structured interview. The nurses were asked 33 questions that focused on patient education. Based on the interviews and the data collected, the results were open coded into six categories. From the results of the research, it was found that nurses working in primary care do not follow any educational process or have any educational plan, rather they draw from their own experience. It was also found that the nurses do not have enough time for the patient nor a proper educational environment in which to conduct education. According to the results, it was found that nurses most frequently educate patients on issues such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, preventive vaccinations, or elevated levels of cholesterol. The current issue, as of the month of March 2024, when the data collection was conducted, was the educational activities of nurses focused on the issue of whooping cough. Based on the findings, a material for a seminar for nurses working in practices of general practitioners was developed. The seminar focuses on the implementation of effective patient education by a nurse working in an adult general practitioner's office.
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Self-reflection of cultural competences among nurses working in home care
CHVALOVÁ, Miroslava
Cultural competence is a set of cultural knowledge that enables non-medical health professionals to achieve appropriate outcomes when caring for and working with clients/patients from a different country. The main aim of our study was to find out what cultural competencies nurses have in home care. The empirical part used a quantitative research method in home care settings. Respondents answered a questionnaire consisting of 88 questions and two parts namely standardized and non-standardized part. We surveyed the nurses' awareness of the culture of patients/clients, their level of cultural competence, focusing on cultural skills, cultural knowledge and cultural sensitivity and lastly, we surveyed the nurses' self-assessment of cultural competence. 108 respondents took part in the research and the results of the survey indicate that the characteristics mentioned in the hypotheses, age and educational attainment, are not related to the level of cultural competence of non-medical health workers. It also shows that the majority of nurses do not think that knowledge of a foreign language is important in practice and half of them do not even use a foreign language. However, they do not have negative attitudes towards foreigners and recognize the importance of lifelong learning in order to provide culturally competent care. This work could serve as educational material for students, future non-medical health workers. The results of the thesis will be published in a journal that will be beneficial to non-medical health personnel as well as the general public and will also be presented at a conference.
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Nurses´ awareness of causes of syncopal states
FOUSKOVÁ, Jitka
Introduction: Syncope is a symptom occurring with disorder of the cardiovascular or autonomic nervous system. It is manifested by a transient loss of consciousness caused by insufficient blood supply to the brain, usually it is associated with loss of balance. After regaining consciousness, there is no impairment of neurological function. Syncope occurs at all age categories. A large portion of the population experiences it during their lifetime. It is important for nurses to be familiar with the underlying causes of syncope so that they can be an equal partner to physicians in the diagnosis, treatment and care of such patients. Methodology: The quantitative research method was used to achieve the stated aims. The research was conducted in 4 South Bohemia hospitals with written permission of the head nurses. The results were collected using non standardised questionnaire to measure the level of nurses´ awareness of the causes of syncopal states. The obtained data were analysed and statistically processed using Microsoft Excel 365. Results: The research sample was made up of 242 respondents, which included nurses working in internal, cardiology, neurology, surgery, traumatology, orthopaedic and emergency departments. The results show that nurses do not have sufficient knowledge about causes of syncopal states. Better awareness is among nurses working in internal medicine departments and emergency departments (p = 0,007), nurses with higher education (p = 0,004) and experienced nurses with longer work experience (p = 0,032). Conclusion: The diploma thesis points out the importance of nurses in the care of patients with syncope, from which the need for nurses to be familiar with this issue is also evident. It emphasises the irreplaceable role of nurses in the multidisciplinary team.
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Awareness, knowledge and skills needed to provide culturally competent care
NOVOTNÁ, Štěpánka
Introduction: Population migration is still a topical issue today. Nurses working in general practitioners surgeries should receive lifelong training in cultural competence. Every nurse should have cultural knowledge, attitudes and skills to be able to treat different minorities. The aim of this thesis is to determine the level of cultural competence of non-medical health care workers working in general practitioners surgeries. Methodology: The research investigation was conducted using a quantitative method in general practitioner's offices as part of a GAJU research grant project number 046/2021/S. The research was being conducted from May to November 2022. Nurses from three regions were contacted. The results were collected using an anonymous questionnaire, which consisted of a non-standardized and a standardized part. It contained a total of 79 questions. The questionnaire looked into the nurses cultural knowledge, sensitivity, skills and whether they were aware of all these. Results: The research group consisted of 120 respondents. From the research results, it is clear that nurses in general practitioners surgeries provide culturally competent care. Some flaws concerning nurses work were revealed, which are communication barrier and the interpretation relationship with the set institution. Nurses have cultural knowledge, cultural skills and are culturally sensitive. They realize that cultural competence is an ongoing process and they should be educated continually in this area. It was noted that they do not have negative attitudes towards patients from other cultures. Conclusion: This thesis provides a comprehensive view of multicultural nursing in general practitioners surgeries. Based on the results of the thesis, a journal article will be written that will be beneficial to non-medical health care personnel and also the general public.
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Sarcopenia screening at hospitalized patients on standard hospital ward
VÁCLAVÍKOVÁ, Monika
This thesis aims to map nurses' knowledge of sarcopenia and describe the current utilization of screening tools for its identification in practice. Two research questions were formulated: "What knowledge do nurses possess regarding sarcopenia?" and "What screening methods do nurses employ?" Furthermore, two hypotheses were formulated: H1: Nurses' knowledge in the field of sarcopenia varies depending on the department they work in. H2: Nurses' knowledge in the field of sarcopenia varies depending on the length of their practice. Additional hypotheses were formulated during the data analysis, allowing for a better understanding of the research issue. The empirical part of the thesis combined a mixed research strategy using semi- structured interviews and non-standardized questionnaires. Five nurses and one physician participated in the qualitative survey, while 179 nurses from various departments were involved in the quantitative research. The results showed insufficient knowledge of nurses about sarcopenia, which was confirmed in both qualitative and quantitative surveys. Minimal utilization of sarcopenia assessment tools in practice was also identified. Statistical analysis confirmed relationships between nurses' knowledge and their attitudes toward assessment tools, as well as between length of practice and preference for clinical observation over assessment tools. Age of respondents was found to correlate with reactions to assessment tool results. Representation of assessment tools used was consistent across all departments. The research survey results revealed weaknesses in nurses' knowledge and insufficient utilization of sarcopenia screening methods in practice. Based on the research findings, it is evident that improving nurses' knowledge in the field of sarcopenia, especially in departments with a high prevalence of patients suffering from this condition, is necessary. It is also important to train healthcare professionals and ensure that screening methods are actively implemented in practice.
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Monitoring in neurointensive care
BAXA, Radim
Monitoring in neurointensive care is one of the important parts of caring for a patient in critical condition. Monitoring enables tracking of values and parameters continuously or intermittently over time. It evaluates the patient's current condition and draws attention to possible changes that may occur as a result of the development of a primary disability, and warns in time of the development of a secondary disability. Neuromonitoring is divided into invasive and non-invasive monitoring. The main goals of the presented work were to detect the knowledge of nurses and paramedics from the environment of the anesthesiology-resuscitation department in the field of neuromonitoring. To discover whether nurses and paramedics in the anesthesia-resuscitation department are familiar with neuromonitoring procedures. And the final goal was to find out whether the recommended procedures are followed in the framework of neuromonitoring in intensive care. The empirical part of the analysis was carried out through quantitative research using a non-standardized questionnaire. The research was conducted among nurses and paramedics who have experience with neuromonitoring in the anesthesia-resuscitation department. To the analysis were subjected 158 complete questionnaires. Based on the statistical analysis of the results, a connection was established between the respondents' highest level of education and the level of knowledge. A connection was also found between the respondents' length of experience and level of knowledge. On the contrary, the connection was not shown in the relationship between the age of the respondents and the level of knowledge.
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Therapeutic communication in the nurse´s work
VLKOVÁ, Blanka
Theoretical basis: This diploma thesis describes therapeutic communication in practice and the important elements associated with it. Next, we will describe the most common and individual techniques of therapeutic communication and outline the issue of barriers in therapeutic communication. Goals of the thesis: The diploma thesis sets two goals: Mapping application of therapeutic communication in clinical practice from the nurses´point of view and mapping the barriers in the application of therapeutic communication with the patient from the nurses´point of view. Depending on these goals, two research questions were chosen: "What techniques of therapeutic communication are applied by nurses in clinical practice?" and "What barriers do nurses perceive when applying therapeutic communication in clinical practice?" Methodology: In the empirical part of this diploma thesis, the method of qualitative research was chosen. The interview method was chosen and semi-structured interviews with nurses were chosen as the data collection technique. The data was analysed using Atlas.ti, (2024), in which 4 main categories and 15 subcategories were created. The research group consisted of a total of 21 nurses at selected workplaces in internal medicine and surgery. Results: After a thorough analysis of the interviews, it was found that the techniques most often used by nurses in practice are empathy, building trust and the use of motivational interviewing. Furthermore, it was also found that of the mentioned barriers, the most common obstacle in therapeutic communication is the lack of time, the patient's mood and behaviour, and the language barrier. Conclusion: This thesis expands the overview of the use of individual techniques of therapeutic communication and provides an insight into the barriers of therapeutic communication perceived by nurses. At the same time, it also provides useful information that could form the basis for creating a seminar within the lifelong education of nurses. As part of the diploma thesis, an example scenario was created that could serve as a basis for simulation teaching of nursing students.
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Nurses' approach to patients with dementia in general hospital wards
VAN HORIK, Nina
This bachelor thesis focuses on the approach of nurses to patients with dementia in standard wards. The thesis consists of a theoretical and an empirical part. The theoretical part contains the definition of the term dementia, distionction of individual types and stages, distinction of symptoms, pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapy. Furthermore, it deals with communication and attitudes towards patients with dementia and problematic behaviour stemming from the disease. In the empirical part of the thesis, the aim was to identify general nurses' approaches to patients with dementia, the factors that may influence their approach, and then compare approaches of nurses with each other. A quantative method using a non-standardised questionnaire was chosen to conduct the research. The questionnaire was used to examine the approach of nurses to patients with dementia and to their awareness of specific and modern methods used in the care of patients with dementia. The responses of respondents from four types of standard wards were then statistically analysed. The results show that neither the length of practice nor the highest educational attainment affects the approach of nurses to patients with dementia, on the contrary, what affects their approach is the type of ward. It was also found that the use of modern methods does not depend on the education of the nurses, but again on the type of ward. The results of the investigation highlight the divergent approaches of nurses to patients with dementia and what factors may influence the approach. The result of the thesis can be used to develop a seminar to inform about modern methods in the care of patients with dementia and how to communicate and treat the patients.
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