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Economical efficiency of selected crops growing in conventional and organic farming system - case study
GRÁFOVÁ, Pavla
The aim of the thesis is to compare the economic efficiency of selected crops culti-vated in organic and conventional agriculture. The analysis of economic efficiency covers the period from 2019 to 2023 and focuses on winter wheat and spring oats. The thesis consists of two main parts, with one part being a literature review. Here, economic efficiency is characterized, along with the organic and conventional ag-ricultural systems. A brief description of the history of agriculture in the Czech Republic, various crop cultivation methods, and a concise list of agricultural sub-sidies are provided. The practical part deals with crop yields, individual operations in winter wheat and spring oats cultivation. Purchase prices of cultivated crops are displayed, followed by the calculation of the economic efficiency of both cultivation methods.
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Monitoring parazitóz u vybraného stáda koz v ekologickém chovu a jejich řešení
KYNČLOVÁ, Nikol
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to monitor of endoparasites and the efficiency of deworming preparation on the ecological farm of goats. Anthelmintic resistance is becoming increasingly common in livestock farming, and its solution lies in sufficient prevention and the potential use of herbs in the future to support animal resistance, which can effectively complement the use of chemical preparations. Sample collection and examination was collected from May 2022 to March 2024 on an ecological farm in Peníkov, where 50 goats aged 1 to 10 years were monitored. Monitoring was conducted only on females, crossbreeds of the Anglo-Nubian and White Short-haired goat breeds, with samples taken randomly from goats with deteriorated fur quality, light eye mucous membranes, and results showing more than 200 EPG from previous samples. The resulting values were recorded, compared, and evaluated. The coprological examination revealed the presence of strongylid nematodes in the majority of samples taken, trichostrongylids, Ostertagia, and two samples with coccidia. Using the McMaster method, EPG values were determined for each individual fecal sample taken. The highest rate of infection was detected in May 2023, reaching 83,33 %. The findings indicate the influence of weather on the development and activity of parasites and their seasonal occurrence. Evidence of this is the high positivity rate detected in spring, at 77 %, and in autumn, reaching 75 %. The hypothesis of the highest rate of infectivity in young animals was refuted in the study, as 100% negativity was found in yearling goats. The worst values were observed in 4-year-old females with 87% positivity. Furthermore, the insufficient effectiveness of the deworming preparation was identified, with a FECRT for Eprinomectin set at 63,35 % reduction. Based on these results, prevention was recommended, a herbal mixture was proposed to increase goat resilience, and the use of a different anthelmintic was recommended to the breeder.
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Architecture of organic farms in Czech republic
Pohanková, Lucie ; Kyselka, Mojmír (referee) ; Dýr, Petr (referee) ; Doc.Ing.arch.Jarmila Húsenicová,Ph.D. (referee) ; Urbášková, Hana (advisor)
New agricultural constructions in Czech Republic happen, in better case, privilege of civil engineer, in the worse case only privilege of the investor, in the past. While architects or enlightenment project architects with inventive and feeling for architecture, rarely interfered to their projection. In the practice, the preferred and implemented misconception, that it is a purely purpose-built buildings with economical advantageous solution type, when external design of the building and his effect in landscape plays just a minor role, meant a huge mistake, which disfeature face of a lot of villages. With the gradual development of organic and sustainable agriculture is obvious, that to the design of these buildings gets back the idea of invention and emotion of construction into the landscape. Essence of a dissertation is how to proceed with the draft of a new or completion of original organic farm in conditions of the Czech Republic and on which specific points to focus in the design. Objective of thesis is generalization of rules design new modern organic farm or new buildings on the existing organic farm, using the principles of organic architecture and architecture undemanding of energy, renewable source of energy and non-waste management and verification on the specific examples in the Czech Republic and neighboring Europa countries. Where else should apply the principles of organic architecture more than in the construction of organic farms. Moreover, organic farm offers a great number of functions and with related different operations with requirements for specific areas. This is an added bonus, diversity of construction and the possibility of building creativity in architectural solutions. It is then mainly limited functionality of the building, legislative, public health, fire and traffic regulations, with which any proposal must cope. Organic farms are a phenomenon, but also the future of sustainable agriculture in the Czech Republic, as well. Not only production side of organic farms, but also neglected building stock deserves the attention of experts. Only organic farm with the right comprehensive created building and energy concept on an ecological principle is becoming a well-functioning self-contained unit connected with the cycle of nature, the surrounding landscape and regional tradition.
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Application of Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of Oxidative Stress Markers and Mycotoxins
Čumová, Martina ; Večeřa, Zbyněk (referee) ; Hajšlová, Jana (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
The first topic presented in the dissertation thesis is determination of isoprostanes as markers of oxidative stress and other compounds affected by presence of oxidative stress. Isoprostanes iPF2-III, iPF2-VI, iPF2-VI, astaxanthin and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially arachidonic acid (AA) were monitored in Atlantic salmon eggs (Salmo salar). Methods for the determination of these compounds have been developed and optimized using chromatographic separation coupled to conventional or mass spectrometric detection. Freshly laid eggs, eyed embryos and non-viable eggs were used to test a general hypothesis that egg viability can be affected by susceptibility to oxidative stress, either through the specific fatty acid concentration and/or the antioxidant capacity of the eggs. Levels of isoprostanes and arachidonic acid (AA) were significantly higher in non-viable eggs than in control (eyed embryos) as well as relative abundance of PUFA. While no difference of isoprostanes was found between freshly laid and control those from the Atlantic stock except iPF2-VI which was observed under the LOQ in the control. Higher levels of PUFA and AA in comparison with the control were observed in the freshly laid eggs. However, the only statistically significant difference was observed in the amount of astaxanthin. Different levels of PUFA and astaxanthin may be related to their biochemical consumption during the development of eggs. This work evaluated potential effect on the viability of eggs Salmo salar due to the presence of oxidative stress. The monitoring of mycotoxins in food and feed was the subject of the second topic. Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi. They are ubiquitous undesirable natural contaminants that are toxic for humans and animals. Today are known more than 500 mycotoxins. However, only few of them are regulated by the European Union. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) was asked by the European Commission to provide a scientific opinion on other mycotoxins for which statutory limits could be developed. In this study is proposed simultaneous screening allowing fast, reliable and sensitive approach, identification and quantification of 17 mycotoxins in food and feed sample. The method includes both mycotoxins regulated by the EU and selected mycotoxins required by the EFSA (aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, zearalenone, fumonisin, ochratoxin A, T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, enniatins and beauvericin). Analytes are isolated by the modified QuEChERS method. For separation and target mycotoxins detection, ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC –MS/MS) was employed. The method also allows determination of ergot alkaloids (ergocornine, ergosine, ergocryptine, ergocristine and their respective epimers). The developed method was used either for monitoring mycotoxins and ergot alkaloids in feed and raw materials and barley and malt prepared from it.
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Comparison of quality of milk from conventional and organic farming
Cermanová, Ivana ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; doc.Ing.Oto Hanuš, Ph.D. (advisor)
The diploma thesis focuses on the comparison of milk quality in two different ways of farming, conventional and organic farming. Almost a hundred parameters on the set of 64 bulk milk samples were monitored. The theoretical part of the paper describes the composition of cow's milk, its technological and hygienic properties and it notes the nutritional impact of milk and milk products. It also mentions the most important legal definition of organic farming. Experimental part describes the setting of the experiment and mentions the methods used to analyze milk samples for individual parameters and it details the ten selected determination. The difference in measured values of various milk indicators depending on the dairy farm was observed by using statistical methods and an explanation was suggested in the case of the statistical significance. The thesis was based on the cooperation of the Faculty of Chemistry VUT Brno and a National reference laboratory for raw milk at the Research Institute for Cattle Breeding in Rapotin.
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Determination of selected metals in grapes cultivated by different techniques
Kubicová, Lenka ; Vespalcová, Milena (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
The aim of this study is to determine the content of selected metals (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Sn, Sr, Pb, V, Zn) in samples of leaves and grapes produced by ecologic agriculture and compare to results with leaves and grapes produced by integrated agriculture. The measured results used to assess the impact of agricultural technology on the quality of vines and grapes. The amount of elements was analysed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after previous digestion of sapmles using microwaves. Concentrations of elements in leaves and grapes from organic and integrated farming did not differ significantly only in the case of copper concentrations were measured higher concentrations in samples from organic farming. This difference is probably caused by different doses of authorized protective equipment based on copper in the organic and integrated farming.
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Ekologické zemědělství v podmínkách střední Evropy: případová studie Česko, Slovensko a Rakousko
Bulis, Ondřej
The bachelor thesis describes organic farming in general terms, explains the function of certification organisations and compares the basic criteria. It focuses on the differences in subsidy policy in the compared countries, which are the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Austria. It also seeks to highlight the possibilities and opportunities in the field of organic farming. It also highlights the weaknesses and strengths of the sector. It finally suggests possible further developments in organic farming.
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