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Psychopathology, mental disorders and mitochondrial disorders
Sigitova, Ekaterina ; Raboch, Jiří (advisor) ; Doubek, Pavel (referee) ; Vevera, Jan (referee)
This study investigates the connection between different pathophysiological processes in mitochondria and psychopathological symptoms in patients with bipolar disorder. Changes in activity of selected components of the respiratory chain and overall respiratory rate of mitochondria were analyzed in patients with bipolar disorder when compared to healthy controls. Diagnostic scales and questionnaires, high-resolution respirometry, radiochemical and spectroscopic methods were used. 37 patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder (F31) and 21 healthy volunteers were involved in the study. Statistical analysis included the methods of parametric and nonparametric analysis, factor analysis, one-way analysis of variance and linear regression analysis. Obtained results revealed that cellular energetics plays a great role in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. There was a mild difference between different mitochondrial enzymes activity in patients within manic phases and depressive phases of the disease. Changes in mitochondrial respiration in patients with BD as compared to healthy controls were also shown. Mitochondrial respiration indexes for patients with BD in remission as compared to healthy controls were altered in accordance with the previous phase of the disease. Association between the...
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The emotion-paradox in schizophrenia spectrum disporders
Keřková, Barbora ; Raboch, Jiří (advisor) ; Harsa, Pavel (referee) ; Timmers, Renee (referee)
THE EMOTION-PARADOX 1 Abstract The emotion-paradox in schizophrenia describes a dissociation between the grossly impaired perception of emotion and relatively preserved experience thereof. Most posit that the emotion-paradox arises from a generalized emotion perception impairment. Others counter that it represents an artefact of methodological restrictions or a separate dissociation between explicit and implicit emotion. This thesis aimed to explain the emotion-paradox in schizophrenia and resolve the competing interpretations of its root. Two studies were conducted to this end. The studies drew from the same sample, including 45 persons with schizophrenia of various symptomatology, and 45 controls with no psychiatric anamnesis or familial history of schizophrenia. The groups did not differ in age, gender, education or music education. In Study 1, the participants listened to musical stimuli and rated their perception and experience of the valence and arousal that these stimuli relayed. In Study 2, the participants completed a newly developed emotional Stroop task, in which they identified the colour of a series of neutral and negative descriptors of positive, negative, or no symptoms of schizophrenia. Findings of Study 1 indicated: a) that persons with schizophrenia recognize musical emotions as accurately...
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Splitting and Dissociation in Schizophrenia
Pěč, Ondřej ; Raboch, Jiří (advisor) ; Šípek, Jiří (referee) ; Kocourková, Jana (referee)
The term splitting is defined as a process of formation of mental aggregates linked incompatible experiences producing numerous divisions in mental apparatus. Current findings indicate that psychological splitting in schizophrenia is likely specifically presented on a neural level as disrupted organization in neural communication. This disrupted neural communication likely underlies deficits in mental processing described by various neuroscientific concepts such as theories of disturbed connectivity, corollary discharges and dynamic complexity. In this context, a purpose of the theoretical part of the dissertation is to describe basic neuroscience theories that complementarily reflect interrelated processes between mind and brain underlying disturbances of mental integration that likely present a neural representation of the splitting. A purpose of the first part of the empirical research was to examine relationships between psychological process of splitting and disturbed cognitive and affective functions in schizophrenia. A sample of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) was used as a control group in this study. Methods: In the clinical study, we have assessed 30 patients with schizophrenia and 35 patients with BPD. The symptoms of splitting were measured using self- reported...
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The emotion-paradox in schizophrenia spectrum disporders
Keřková, Barbora ; Raboch, Jiří (advisor) ; Harsa, Pavel (referee) ; Timmers, Renee (referee)
THE EMOTION-PARADOX 1 Abstract The emotion-paradox in schizophrenia describes a dissociation between the grossly impaired perception of emotion and relatively preserved experience thereof. Most posit that the emotion-paradox arises from a generalized emotion perception impairment. Others counter that it represents an artefact of methodological restrictions or a separate dissociation between explicit and implicit emotion. This thesis aimed to explain the emotion-paradox in schizophrenia and resolve the competing interpretations of its root. Two studies were conducted to this end. The studies drew from the same sample, including 45 persons with schizophrenia of various symptomatology, and 45 controls with no psychiatric anamnesis or familial history of schizophrenia. The groups did not differ in age, gender, education or music education. In Study 1, the participants listened to musical stimuli and rated their perception and experience of the valence and arousal that these stimuli relayed. In Study 2, the participants completed a newly developed emotional Stroop task, in which they identified the colour of a series of neutral and negative descriptors of positive, negative, or no symptoms of schizophrenia. Findings of Study 1 indicated: a) that persons with schizophrenia recognize musical emotions as accurately...
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Psychopathology, mental disorders and mitochondrial disorders
Sigitova, Ekaterina ; Raboch, Jiří (advisor) ; Doubek, Pavel (referee) ; Vevera, Jan (referee)
This study investigates the connection between different pathophysiological processes in mitochondria and psychopathological symptoms in patients with bipolar disorder. Changes in activity of selected components of the respiratory chain and overall respiratory rate of mitochondria were analyzed in patients with bipolar disorder when compared to healthy controls. Diagnostic scales and questionnaires, high-resolution respirometry, radiochemical and spectroscopic methods were used. 37 patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder (F31) and 21 healthy volunteers were involved in the study. Statistical analysis included the methods of parametric and nonparametric analysis, factor analysis, one-way analysis of variance and linear regression analysis. Obtained results revealed that cellular energetics plays a great role in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. There was a mild difference between different mitochondrial enzymes activity in patients within manic phases and depressive phases of the disease. Changes in mitochondrial respiration in patients with BD as compared to healthy controls were also shown. Mitochondrial respiration indexes for patients with BD in remission as compared to healthy controls were altered in accordance with the previous phase of the disease. Association between the...
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Splitting and Dissociation in Schizophrenia
Pěč, Ondřej ; Raboch, Jiří (advisor) ; Šípek, Jiří (referee) ; Kocourková, Jana (referee)
The term splitting is defined as a process of formation of mental aggregates linked incompatible experiences producing numerous divisions in mental apparatus. Current findings indicate that psychological splitting in schizophrenia is likely specifically presented on a neural level as disrupted organization in neural communication. This disrupted neural communication likely underlies deficits in mental processing described by various neuroscientific concepts such as theories of disturbed connectivity, corollary discharges and dynamic complexity. In this context, a purpose of the theoretical part of the dissertation is to describe basic neuroscience theories that complementarily reflect interrelated processes between mind and brain underlying disturbances of mental integration that likely present a neural representation of the splitting. A purpose of the first part of the empirical research was to examine relationships between psychological process of splitting and disturbed cognitive and affective functions in schizophrenia. A sample of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) was used as a control group in this study. Methods: In the clinical study, we have assessed 30 patients with schizophrenia and 35 patients with BPD. The symptoms of splitting were measured using self- reported...
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The use of coercive measures in psychiatry
Nawka, Alexander ; Raboch, Jiří (advisor) ; Vevera, Jan (referee) ; Dragašek, Jozef (referee)
Psychiatry has unique status among other medical disciplines where patients` autonomy might be restricted in the best interest of the patient in order to both cure and control the patient. Coercive measures such as seclusion, physical restraint or forced medication are widely used in clinical practice as methods for managing acute, disturbed or violent psychiatric patients. This thesis was carried out as a part of the EUNOMIA project (European Evaluation of Coercion in Psychiatry and Harmonization of Best Clinical Practice) in which centers from twelve European countries recruited involuntary admitted patients. The research questions of this thesis were the following: what are the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients who receive coercive measures; what types of coercive measures are used with involuntarily treated patients; what are the internal and external risk factors for their use; and finally what are the gender differences among involuntary admitted coerced patients with schizophrenia. All together we evaluated a group of 2,030 involuntarily admitted patients, in which 1,462 coercive measures were used with 770 patients (38%). The percentage of patients receiving coercive measures in each country varied between 21% and 59%. These twelve countries varied greatly in...
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The use of telemedicine in affective disorders
Doubek, Pavel ; Raboch, Jiří (advisor) ; Anders, Martin (referee) ; Masopust, Jiří (referee)
Summary: The aim of the research project was to identify options telemedicine interventions in the treatment and prevention of relapse in patients with depressive disorder and bipolar affective disorder. We observe 64 patients (28 men and 36 women) who were divided into two groups according to their diagnosis, either with depressive disorder or bipolar affective disorder. Each of these groups was divided into two subgroups, where one was used telepsychiatric adjunctive intervention (SMS or phone or web application) and the other one was the control subgroup. For assessment of patients at the beginning and the end were used scales MADRS, YMRS, CGI and BD- II, observation lasted 52 ± 1 week . We count the number of relapses in episodes of the disease in both diagnostic groups. The results were statistically analyzed and showed that for all patients with affective disorder in the group with telepsychiatric intervention came before and after intervention, significant differences for all measured parameters. For the control group of patients with affective disorder, no differences were observed . When comparing the number of relapses, a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups was found. The mean time to relapse , in the weeks since the beginning of follow-up was 41.7...
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Sexual dysfunctions in w omen with urinary incontinence
Pastor, Zlatko ; Weiss, Petr (advisor) ; Halaška, Michael (referee) ; Raboch, Jiří (referee)
Aim: This study was designed to examine the influence of female urinary incontinence on development of sexual dysfunctions. By means of the questionnaire investigation we inquired how often and how the sexual behaviour and response were modified. Our goal was to determine the prevalence of coital incontinence, describe the most common sexual disorders and to find out how women deal with the urinary incontinence in a partner relationship and how such situations are resolved. Attention was given to the interests of health care professionals in this area, the quality of their communication with patients, effect and satisfaction with therapy. Research sample: The study included 106 women with urinary incontinence (aged 30-44 years and 44-59 years). Characteristics of their sexual behaviour were compared between the two age groups and in relation to assessed diagnosis. Changes in sexual behaviour were evaluated both in relation to the population group who were a part of representative research study of Czech women in 2008 and control group of 112 healthy women of comparable age. Material and methods: To describe and analyze sexual dysfunction in incontinent women, we used a modified version of sexological questionnaire from the research study of Weiss and Zverina and two international validated...
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Integrated day care in psychiatry as an alternative to hospitalization
Howardová, Andrea ; Raboch, Jiří (advisor) ; Bašný, Zdeněk (referee) ; Pěč, Ondřej (referee)
The goal of the study is: To compare psychopathology and the quality of life of patients in an integrated day treatment setting with a standard inpatient setting. To replicate for integrated day treatment setting, the finding that day care patients are more satisfied with treatment. To estimate the feasibility of day care treatment for general psychiatric patients We have used psychopathology, satisfaction with treatment and subjective quality of life as outcome criteria. Psychopathology was evaluated by the questionnaire BPRS (Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale), satisfaction with treatment by the questionnaire CAT (Clients Scale for Assessment of Treatment) and quality of life by the instrument MANSA (Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life). For calculating feasibility estimation we have used modified Kluiter's formula according to Cochraine review on effectiveness of psychiatric day hospitals. 49 85 patients were randomized to integrated day care treatment, and 100 patients randomized as inpatients. Treatment results of both settings were comparable in psychopathology and subjective quality of life at each time point. Unlike day patients, the psychopathological score of inpatients was improving even after 3 months of discharge. We didn't replicate findings on superiority of satisfaction with...
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