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Comparison of water beetles fauna between forefield and reclamation of the landscape affected by mining
Vostalová, Adéla ; Vrabec, Vladimír (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
The issue of redress anthropogenic interference with the landscape is one of the discussed topics today not only in professional groups but also among the public, because mineral mining takes place in many places in the Czech Republic. More and more are beginning to promote nearnatural methods of renewal at the expense of recently prevalent technical reclamation. Except for question, how the exhausted places reuse or renew also researches, how the whole process has an impact on the local fauna and flora.
The aim of this thesis was a qualitative comparison of water beetles among the forefield Bílina Mine and reclamation dumps Radovesice and Pokrok in North Bohemia province. It was evaluated 16 reservoirs in forefield and 15 reservois of dumps. A total of 36 taxa were found from which 19 were determined only at the species level. The most of taxa were located at post R9 in the forefield, at 4 locations there were none of them. The most abundant was genus Haliplus.
The collection took place using standard hydrobiological sampling by sieve. The material was preserved in alcohol, then separated, prepared and finally determined. The obtained data were evaluated and compared using the Jaccards index of similarity.
It was tested hypothesis: Due to the good dispersion ability of water beetle is representation of species in the forefield the same as constitution of species in the newly ponds at reclamations. Calculation Jaccard index between locations of forefield and dump reached the highest value of similarity 66,7 %, but over of the value 50% moved only in 7 cases out of 465 possible combinations, thereby hypothesis was disproved.
Found species were also evaluated from point of view conservation status according to the Red list of threatened species in the Czech Republic. This way was detected only one species, Laccophilus poecilus, falling into the category VU vulnerable. The determination must be examined.
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Changes in wetlands - change trajectories, causes
Brašna, Vlastimil ; Skaloš, Jan (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
This thesis analyzes the historical development of wetlands in corn production areas in Moravia, Czech Republic. Wetlands were analyzed changes in time and space for a period of 180 years.
The main objective is to analyze the development of wetland habitats in the landscape using old maps, aerial photographs and GIS. The bases were of the Imperial Imprints of the Stable cadastre from the first half of the 19th century and contemporary orthophoto. There were also used GIS layers of the current location of wetlands, farmland, forests, rivers and waterways. In historical documents were evaluated by two categories 1) wet meadows and 2) swamps and marshes. In the current surface are only evaluated wetlands.
The total area is 18054 ha. The area of wetlands dramatically decreased from 108 ha in the first half of the 19th century on 14 ha in 2015. Most of the wetlands have been converted to agricultural land - arable land (72 %), meadows and pastures (12 %). Wetlands succession was transformed to bushes (5,4 %). There was 5 % of the deaths of wetlands built and drained. Most wetlands have been transformed due to the pressure on the production function of the landscape in order to get more food. In the first half of the 19th century it was dominated by wet meadows, they had 684 ha. Despite the disappearance of a large part of the wetlands created new wetlands, which have 12.4 hectares. Most newly created wetlands are located in the cadastral area of Mutěnice. Only one wetland (1.68 ha) remained unchanged, located in cadastral Čejč. This wetland had a history of more land (25.15 hectares) and has been linked with Čejčské Lake.
The main result of this work is to determine the trajectories of development of wetland ecosystems in the lowlands of Moravia. Descriptions of these trajectories have contributed to understanding influences on the development of wetlands. Results wetlands contribute to the development of knowledge in the field of landscape ecology. The results can be used to restore extinct wetlands and creation of new wetlands in the historic wet meadows. The information obtained can be used in landscape planning with regard to the protection and management of wetlands.
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Growing of rapeseed for energy purposes - impacts and context.
Charvát, Michal ; Kuchtová, Perla (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
Biofuels are generally based on biomass. It may be a waste biomass or biomass grown specifically. It is used as fixed or lump fuel, and also to as liquid and gas. Liquid biofuels are used both for energy purposes, ie to produce heat, electricity generation, but also as a motor fuels. In this thesis goes on biofuel purposefully grown, about oilseed rape and from it made liquid fuel, in this case of RME rapeseed methyl ester, which is a fuel of the first generation.
The European Union expected that the use of biofuel will reduce CO2 emissions by up to 35% further premised that the development of biofuels will be a positive impact on local employment and it the both on direct and indirect. Further help diversify Europe's dependence on oil imports. They were introduced direct support for growers in order to exlarged the area where grew plants intended for biofuel. These direct resistances were abolished in 2010. Similar support was also intended for producers.
Regarding rapeseed, peak in the sown area across the EU was in 2010, when it was sown almost 7 mil. ha, which is almost 3,5 times more than the original plan for the EU. Last year, it was only 6,45 mil. ha, but with higher-yielding rapeseed seeds. Similarly, increasing the sowing areas you can watch in the Czech Republic. Moreover Czech Republic is the fifth producer of rapeseed in the EU. In 2013/14 have been sown most ha rape, total 418,8 th. ha, but production was the highest in the following year due hectare yields, although with reduced the area sown. Yet is rape sown on 14% of cultivated land.
We can not talk about drastically restricting cultivation of rape, even after termination direct aid. First, the price of rape is very decent and steady and almost half designated for industrial processing it is processed on RME. However, the system of cultivation is not good for the soil. Rape in plans crop rotation is ranked every two years mostly, but the best would be once for five years.
The only assumption was confirmed by the EU, CO2 emissions are lower, but is also needed to count with the amount of N2O emissions, which this benefit is reduced. However on employment it had no effect, or rather negative. More jobs in agriculture provides livestock production and the like can be evaluated also process industry. Another problem is the destruction of ecosystems so that could be grown plants suitable for biofuels. It is a matter of developing countries, in our lands is it about the depletion of fertile land to cultivation fuel instead of food. First, it needed more to fertilize and use pesticides. But also in case of crop failure it is revenue designetid for biofuels producers is delivere even at the cost of food price increases.
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Risk Management in Selected Company
Rak, Lukáš ; Fejfarová, Martina (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
The thesis is focused on risk management, which should devote every manufacturing and non-manufacturing business. The main objective is to describe and evaluate the risk management process in the company with a focus on fire risks and risks related to traffic safety and to suggest possible improvements. The work is divided into theoretical and practical part. In the theoretical part the notion of risk, it´s types and impact of risks on business entity. The practical part includes the basic characteristics of the company, described the risk management process and documentation related to this process. From the analysis of documentation and qualitative research include the measures. The conclusion indicated evaluate the risk management process and overall suggestions for improvement.
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Biological methods of monitoring insecticides resistant populations of selected oilseed rape pests
Zdražil, Adam ; Kazda, Jan (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
The literary part of the thesis describes biology, economic importance and methods of chemical protection against pollen beetle, cabbage seed weevil and cabbage stem flea beetle. The resistance of these pests against zoocides in the Czech republic and in some parts of neighbour European countries is decribed and principles of antiresistance strategies are outlined. Each group of insecticides is describd and their active components are rated in the practical part of the thesis. Findings about pest resistance are summarized - resistance types and mechanisms in particular. Then monitoring of resistent populations of plant pests are described.
New findings concerning the resistance of three oilseed rape pests were acquired using biological methods. For cabage seed weevil six areas were evaluated, for pollen beetle seven and for cabbage stem flea beetle two areas were evaluated. All the evaluated areas are in the Czech republic.
The adult-vial test number 11, nr. 25, nr. 27 accordinng to IRAC methodology and topical aplication test were used to rate the resistance. The efficiency of five pyrethroids (deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, esfenvalerate, etofenprox, tau-fluvalinate, cypermethrin), one organophosphate (chlorpyrifos - cabbage stem flea beetle only) and one oxadiazin (indoxacarb) in different concentrations were rated.
The mortality of the pests was rated 24 hours after active component functioning for pollen beetle and cabbage seed weevil and after 48 hours for cabage stem flea beetle. Then lethal concentration LC50 and LC95 values were assessed.
For ppollen beetle, the resistance against pyrethroids was confirmed with the exception, the effect of neonicotinoids was variable, acetamiprid and thiacloprid showed reduced efficiency in populations of some areas. Assessed populations of cabbage seed weevil and cabbage stem flea beetle were very sensitive to pyrethroids, but neonicotinoids showed insufficient efficiency. The indoxacarb sensitivity of pollen beetle and cabbage stem flea beetle was high.
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Characteristics of rainfall in observed data and regional climate model simulations
Svoboda, Vojtěch ; Pech, Pavel (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
Precipitation in the form of heavy rainfall events is of significant societal concern, not only due to the potential for more frequent flash floods, after evidence of changes in rainfall characteristics has recently strengthened. Despite the importance of individual rainfall events with respect to many hydrological applications, only a few studies dealt with characteristics of individual rainfall events (in contrast with the other daily/sub-daily indices of rainfall depths/intensities). Dissertation thesis presents a comprehensive analysis of heavy rainfall event characteristics for the Czech Republic derived from observed data and large ensemble of regional climate model (RCM) simulations. In addition, spatial correlation structure of observed rainfall data at a mesoscale region of north-eastern Bohemia was analysed. Since an RCM grid box represents a spatial average rather than a point measurement, the effects from areal averaging of rainfall data on characteristics of events were investigated considering the observed data. Characteristics of rainfall events were evaluated according to several indices against the at-site and area-averaged observed data for the control period 1981-2000. The changes of rainfall event characteristics were assesed over two scenario periods (2020-2049 and 2070-2099) with respect to control period. We analysed also relations between changes in simulated rainfall event characteristics and changes in radiative forcing and temperature.
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Revitalization of the building, a case study of the use of the building Dobříš Cinema.
Votruba, Tomáš ; Růžičková, Lenka (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
This Master thesis is dealing with building of the former cinema from 1950 its meaning and current possibilities of using. The building is located in the city center and it is thus denied to the attention of local residents. The aim of this work was to assess the current needs of the locals and further implement them to structural and technical project-level study. The building still hides its potential and is seen untapped in this area today. Local organizations and individuals have expressed their interest in the preservation of the building in the past and it makes a pressure to municipality to do action. The outcome of work is more valuable because it can serve as a basis for building authority and competent authorities as an inspiration in the current negotiations on the future shape of the object.
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Landscape memory in local memory - Borová district
Jirková, Lucie ; Skaloš, Jan (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
Bachelor thesis compares the actual change of landscape, shown on different historical and present maps, to local residents perception of those changes. The bachelor thesis focuses on local residents, who remember the period of collectivization and normalization. This thesis is focused mostly on changes between 1953 and 2014, in which ortophotomaps, that show the actual state the best, were made. Sources, used in this work, were map of stable cadastre, ortophotomaps, chronicles, paintings, photographs, data for GIS from LUCC Czechia database and interviews with residents.
Interviews with local residents were performed during the period of December 2015 to February 2016. Those interviews were semi-structured and were focused on the period of the 30s, 40s and 50s of the 20th century, which is the period of biggest changes in the landscape structure.
Information from those interviews were compared to information from Stable cadastre map and ortophotomaps from years 1953 and 2014, which show the real state the best.
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Landscape memory in the memory of its inhabitants - Hostavice district.
Tančevová, Laura ; Skaloš, Jan (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
This bachelor thesis attempts to create the most detailed summary of changes in the landscape for the past 175 years of Hostavice which is located in the eastern suburbs of Prague. The primary purpose of this study is to compare changes in terms of maps and from the perspective of original residentst, and provide an overview about the cadastral area from different perspectives. One of the ways to get to the main goal of this research work is to analyze the trends of most signficant changes in the land use of a small cadastral territory called Hostavice. This will be done primarily by reviewing historical maps, statistics, chronicles and others. Based on results of this analysis, another objective is to conduct semistructured interviews with the original residents of this cadastral territory to find out their recollections of as well as opinions on these changes. There is also more specific study of characteristic of the area. The work will contribute its share to the overall processing memory of the landscape in the memory of people.
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Comparison of various methods monitoring insect diversity in sown flower strips and neighboring fields of winter wheat and winter oilseed rape
Kolařík, David ; Kazda, Jan (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
In this study we deal with comparison of insect monitoring methods on flowering strip, wheat and oilseed rape. The experiment is located at two study sites: Crop Research Institute at Ruzyně and Experiment unit of Czech University of Life Sciences in Uhříněves. The experiment was carried out in 2015.
To make monitoring we utilized sweeping net, Möricke yellow traps, transect counting and as a supplementary method we utilized light trap. Monitoring was done in 25 of June, 16 of July and 12 of August 2015. These dates were chosen because of flowering of the strip which was the most important issue in this study. As a result of this the insect diversity in other almost harvested variants was quite low.
The most important insect species quantities were collected from Möricke traps in all three variants. But this fact could be naturally based on the attractivity of the yellow color, so we can´t reliably say, if in out of bloom rape or wheat could be present this high amount of insect or if it is only being attracted by color of the trap from the neighborhood.
The second method with the highest insect occurrence was sweeping net. Again the highest species diversity was described from the flowering strip.
The lowest amount of insects was noted in transect counting. This method has (contrastingly to the others) disadvantage in the high possibility of fail to detect small insect, which are normally noticed by the other methods.
Light trap monitored about the highest species number, where the majority of species belong to order Lepidoptera. That sway this method was employed only to enrich the species diversity.
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